Low-cost sensors for CO 2 monitoring: calibration, characterization and assessment
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1 GGMT Switzerland August 2017 Low-cost sensors for CO 2 monitoring: calibration, characterization and assessment, Michel Müller, Antoine Berchet, Jonas Meyer, Peter Graf, Christoph Hüglin, Dominik Brunner
2 GGMT Switzerland August
3 Context & motivations GGMT Switzerland August November 16 October 17
4 GGMT Switzerland August Sensors in Carbosense Picarro CRDS 3 units ~100 kchf SenseAir HPP 30 (2) units ~3 kchf SenseAir LP8 300 units ~0.5 kchf
5 GGMT Switzerland August SenseAir HPP / Decentlab Low Cost CO 2 Instrument Price (incl. integration): 2-4 k NDIR (Non Dispersive Infrared) Temperature stabilized Includes T, RH, P sensor Grid Power ~ 10 W, incl. pump and data transmission Pump (~ 0.5 l/min) CO 2 absorption unit for zero-co 2 -air Data transmission by LoRaWAN (1 min) Precision*: < 1 ppm (manufacturer documentation) Decentlab Sensor Unit Zero-CO 2 - Unit
6 GGMT Switzerland August SenseAir LP8 / Decentlab Low Cost CO 2 Sensor Price (incl. integration): k NDIR (Non Dispersive Infrared) Temperature not stabilized Includes T sensor/correction Battery powered (> 3 years lifetime) < 1 mw incl. data transmission Sensirion SHT21 for T and RH Data transmission by LoRaWAN Transmission interval 10 min Accuracy ±50 ppm, ±3 % of reading (manufacturer specifications) Sensair LP8 Decentlab Sensor Unit
7 Delivery of 300 LP8 units GGMT Switzerland August 2017
8 Exposition to outdoor environment GGMT Switzerland August 2017
9 LP8 a first glance GGMT Switzerland August CO 2 : 447 ppm P: 767 hpa Data filtered to exclude data during high humidity periods. Data gaps due to pressure and temperature calibrations performed in the lab.
10 LP8 a first glance GGMT Switzerland August Factory calibration Empa calibration
11 GGMT Switzerland August LP8 Calibration and performance: approach LP8 CO 2 sensor response depends on temperature, pressure (and RH) Determination of (nonlinear) multifactor prediction model for sensor calibration Field calibration at DUE site Climate chamber Pressure chamber at METAS CO 2, T CO 2 ( ppm) T (-5 C 50 C) CO 2 ( ppm) P ( hpa), T
12 LP8 Calibration / concentration and temperature GGMT Switzerland August Raw IR data factory settings Empa calibration -5 C 50 C climate chamber CO 2 : 350, 450, 700, 1000 ppm T: -5 C 50 C factory calibration range T: 10 C 40 C
13 LP8 Calibration / pressure chamber GGMT Switzerland August IIII = ff(cccc 2 PP PP 0 TT 0 TT 24 CC, SS TT=24 CC, PP PP 0 ) P 0 IIII = ff(cccc 2 PP PP 0 TT 0 TT 24 CC, SS TT=24 CC, 00) METAS Pressure Chamber
14 LP8 RH dependence GGMT Switzerland August calibrated data (CO 2,T, P) Apr-July
15 Single measurements vs. 10 minute mean GGMT Switzerland August Single measurement t Last measurement transmitted 10 minute mean t 10 min average transmitted
16 LP8 (sudden) drift GGMT Switzerland August Sensor units 1304, 1305, 1306 LP8 CO 2 NABEL site RIGI SHT21 RH LP8 T May 6-7, 2017.
17 Database infrastructure GGMT Switzerland August database infractructure Webinterface visualization, data access / export Data access through API including connectors for R-Script and Python Network analysis Sensor analysis Data processing Sensor calibration CO 2 computation Applications Complete list of available features:
18 HPP Field tests and evaluation GGMT Switzerland August see also: Kunz et al., COCAP - A compact carbon dioxide analyser for airborne platforms. EGU, Vienna. Arzoumanian et al., Developing a lower-cost medium precision urban GHG monitoring system using commercial NDIR sensors. GGMT, Dübendorf.
19 HPP Calibration and performance GGMT Switzerland August chamber CO 2 : 447 ppm P: 767 hpa Field data Field data
20 HPP Calibration and performance GGMT Switzerland August
21 CarboSense Network: planned sites GGMT Switzerland August
22 CarboSense Network: extent as of August 2017 GGMT Switzerland August Switzerland Zurich 21 at Swisscom antennas 9 at MeteoSwiss observation sites 8 at NABEL observation sites 45 sensors in Zurich
23 CarboSense Network: exemples of locations GGMT Switzerland August
24 First week of data in Zürich GGMT Switzerland August
25 High-resolution simulations of CO 2 in the city of Zürich GGMT Switzerland August Waste incinerator s Zurich airport Anthropogenic Biogenic All Day Tunnel portals and highways Night Few dominating hot spots of anthropogenic emissions Photosynthesis compensate most anthropogenic emissions during daytime
26 Poster on CO 2 simulations GGMT Switzerland August Poster P43 Antoine Berchet et al. CarboSense: a low-cost low-power CO 2 network for the city of Zurich and Switzerland
27 GGMT Switzerland August Sequence of simulations Anthropogenic Biogenic All
28 GGMT Switzerland August Conclusions: Low-Cost Sensor SensAir LP8 / Decentlab Battery powered, small, rugged, passive sampling Tantalizing approach for high spacial resolution Individual accuracy < 10 ppm can (probably) be achieved Demanding and costly calibration New concepts for QA/QC needed Correction of drift/ageing is mandatory and requires new approaches in (statistics/transport) modelling To be combined with (on-site calibrated) instruments
29 GGMT Switzerland August Conclusions: Low-Cost Instrument SensAir HPP / Decentlab c Grid Power and active pumping Promising compromise between low-cost and high-precision Individual accuracy < 2 ppm can (probably) be achieved Demanding and costly calibration Regular (on-site) calibration needed Ideal complement to high-density (low-cost) sensors
30 Acknowledgements GGMT Switzerland August Reinhard Bischoff Jonas Biveroni Simon Prior Nico Vonau Andreas Maggi Olivier Verscheure Sofiane Sarni Christian Félix Jürg Brunner Thomas von Allmen Jörg Sintermann Carl Bengtsson Hans Martin Günter Grossmann Bernhard Niederhauser
31
32 LPN data transmission GGMT Switzerland August Juli - August 2017 Juli - August minute transmission interval Message can be received by multiple LPN gateways. Data is not resent in case of transmission failure.
33 LP8 Pressure at network locations GGMT Switzerland August No pressure sensor integrated in LP8 units DUE RIG Interpolation of Meteoswiss observations at Carbosense sites
34 SenseAir HPP / Decentlab Low Cost CO 2 Instrument Price (incl. integration): 2-4 kchf NDIR (Non Dispersive Infrared) Temperature stabilized Includes T, RH, P sensor Grid Power ~ 10 W, incl. pump and data transmission Pump (~ 0.5 l/min) CO 2 absorption unit for zero-co 2 -air Data transmission by LoRaWAN (1 min) Range: ppm CO 2 Precision*: ~ 1 ppm (1 min) Accuracy*: ~ 10 ppm Decentlab Sensor Unit Zero-CO 2 - Unit * estimation Empa based on SenseAir documentation and measurements GGMT Switzerland August
35 GGMT Switzerland August SenseAir LP8 / Decentlab Low Cost CO 2 Sensor Price (incl. integration): kchf NDIR (Non Dispersive Infrared) Temperature not stabilized Includes T sensor/correction Battery powered (> 3 years lifetime) < 1 mw incl. data transmission Sensirion SHT21 for T and RH Data transmission by LoRaWAN Transmission interval 10 min Range: 0 to 2000 ppm CO 2 Precision: 14 ppm (1s, 400 ppm CO 2 ) Accuracy ±50 ppm, ±3 % of reading Sensair LP8 Decentlab Sensor Unit
36 GGMT Switzerland August Picarro CRDS G2401 CO 2 (+CO + CH 4 + H 2 O) NIR Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy Precision (5 s): <50 ppb Accuracy: <50 ppb * Price (system): ca. 100 kchf *) 1 h average, 2σ, GAW Data Quality Objective
37 GGMT Switzerland August Low Power Network (LPN) Wireless telecommunication network (LoRaWAN: Developed for the Internet of Things (IoT) Secure bi-directional communication Low energy consumption Low data transmission rate Long range (>15 km) Swisscom LPN Connectivity service since October 2016 CarboSense as demonstrator and test case
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