3. Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in 2009

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1 3. Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in 2009 Nitrogen emission data, as well as the model results presented here have been approved by the 35 th Session of the Steering Body of EMEP in Geneva in September The version v of the EMEP/MSC-W Eulerian model has been used for all nitrogen computations presented in this Chapter. Compared to the model version rv3.6, used in 2010 for computing 2008 deposition, many changes have been introduced into the present model. The most important are: new emission processing for biogenic VOC emissions, integration of SOA model into the EMEP/MSC-W model system, implementation of preliminary dust module and implementation of soil-no x emission routines. All 2009 deposition calculations were performed for the EMEP extended domain introduced in 2007 which includes countries in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia. Meteorological input data necessary for 2009 EMEP model calculations were provided by ECMWF Numerical Weather Prediction model (ECMWF-IFS). Most of Europe experienced more precipitation in 2009 than in However, situation was different for the Baltic Sea basin with slightly less precipitation in The surface temperature was higher in 2009 for the prevailing part of Europe. Emission input data for 2009 were prepared by the EMEP Centre on Emission Inventories and Projections (CEIP). The EMEP Parties reported emission inventory data using standard formats in accordance with the EMEP Reporting guidelines. For the EMEP models, reported by Parties sectoral (NFR09) emissions were aggregated into 10 SNAP sectors. To fill in the missing gaps in sectoral emissions, CEIP applied different methods including Expert estimates. For shipping emissions, the NO x, SO x and PM data were computed by linear interpolation with recent calculations from IIASA for the years 2005 and Between 2009 and 2008, emissions of NO x and NH 3 in the entire extended EMEP area decreased by 4.5% and 0.6%. Calculated annual deposition of total nitrogen to the Baltic Sea basin in 2009 was 201 kt, approximately 7% lower than in Deposition of oxidized nitrogen was 11% lower and deposition of reduced nitrogen was 3% lower in 2009 compared to Deposition of oxidized nitrogen accounted for 53% of total nitrogen deposition in 2009.

2 20 EMEP Centres Joint Report for HELCOM 3.1 Nitrogen emissions Table 3.1. Annual total 2009 emissions of nitrogen oxides and ammonia from the HELCOM Contracting Parties and Baltic See ship traffic. Sum of HELCOM emissions is also included. Units: kt N per year. Emission source Pollutant NO x NH 3 Denmark Estonia 9 8 Finland Germany Latvia 9 14 Lithuania Poland Russian Federation Sweden HELCOM Baltic Sea 100

3 Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in % of emission deposited to the Baltic Sea ,6 14,2 13,1 11,7 10,5 10,3 8,8 6,0 4,2 0,7 DK EE SE LV BAS FI LT PL DE RUE HELCOM CP & Baltic Sea Figure 3.1. Percent of annual emissions of total (oxidized + reduced) nitrogen that is deposited on the Baltic Sea basin in 2009, for HELCOM Parties and international ship traffic on the Baltic Sea (BAS).

4 22 EMEP Centres Joint Report for HELCOM Figure 3.2. Map of annual emission of oxidized nitrogen (including emissions from the ship traffic) in the Baltic Sea region in Units: Mg (tonnes) of NO 2 per year and per km grid cell.

Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in 2009 23

5 Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in Figure 3.3. Map of annual emission of ammonia in the Baltic Sea region in Units: Mg of NH 3 per year and per km grid cell.

6 24 EMEP Centres Joint Report for HELCOM Table 3.2. The list of 11 SNAP emission sectors as specified in the EMEP-CORINAIR Emission Inventory Guidebook. Sector 1 Sector 2 Sector 3 Sector 4 Sector 5 Sector 6 Sector 7 Sector 8 Sector 9 Sector 10 Sector 11 Combustion in energy and transformation industry Non-industrial combustion plants Combustion in manufacturing industry Production processes Extraction and distribution of fossil fuels and geothermal energy Solvent and other product use Road transport Other mobile sources and machinery (including ship traffic) Waste treatment and disposal Agriculture Other sources and sinks

7 Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in DENMARK ESTONIA FINLAND S8 32 % 2 S8 19 % 36 % S % 6 % 36 % 5 % 33 % 5 % 7 % 29 % 4 % 13 % 7 % GERMANY LATVIA LITHUANIA S8 8 % 1 22 % S8 12 % 12 % S8 15 % 15 % 6 % 5 % 39 % 17 % 9 % 4 % 4 % 4 % 4 6 % 1 58 % POLAND RUSSIA SWEDEN S8 12 % 32 % S8 4 % 3 % 19 % S8 23 % 12 % 4 % 8 % 4 % 32 % 3 % 2 % 9 % 12 % 1 58 % 7 % 44 % Figure 3.4. Annual 2009 nitrogen oxides emissions from the HELCOM Parties split into the SNAP sectors.

8 26 EMEP Centres Joint Report for HELCOM DENMARK ESTONIA FINLAND 2 % S8 2 % S8 2 % 7 % S8 97 % 95 % 9 GERMANY LATVIA LITHUANIA 3 % S8 S8 7 % S8 96 % 9 99 % POLAND RUSSIA SWEDEN S8 2 % S8 2 % 5 % 3 % S8 2 % 99 % 96 % 87 % Figure 3.5. Annual 2009 ammonia emissions from the HELCOM Parties split into the SNAP sectors.

Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in 2009 27 Figure 3.

9 Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in Figure 3.7 Map of annual emissions of nitrogen oxides from the international ship traffic on the Baltic Sea in 2009 used in the EMEP model calculations. Units: Mg of NO 2 per year and per km grid cell. Emission input data for 2009 were prepared by the CEIP. For shipping emissions, the NO x, SO x and PM data were computed by linear interpolation with recent calculations from IIASA for the years 2005 and 2010.

28 EMEP Centres Joint Report for HELCOM 3.2 Annual deposition of nitrogen Figure 3.8. Map of annual deposition flux of oxidized nitrogen (dry + wet) in 2009.

10 28 EMEP Centres Joint Report for HELCOM 3.2 Annual deposition of nitrogen Figure 3.8. Map of annual deposition flux of oxidized nitrogen (dry + wet) in Units: mg N m -2 yr -1.

11 Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in Figure 3.9. Map of annual deposition flux of reduced nitrogen (dry + wet) in Units: mg N m -2 yr -1.

12 30 EMEP Centres Joint Report for HELCOM Figure Map of annual deposition flux of total (oxidized + reduced) nitrogen in Units: mg N m -2 yr -1.

Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in 2009 31

13 Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in Figure Map of annual precipitation in Units: mm yr -1.

14 32 EMEP Centres Joint Report for HELCOM 3.3 Monthly deposition of nitrogen 25,0 20,0 Reduced N Oxidised N 15,0 10,0 5,0 0,0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Figure Monthly depositions of oxidized, reduced and total (oxidized +reduced) nitrogen to the entire Baltic Sea basin in Units: ktonnes N month -1. Table 3.3. Values of monthly depositions of oxidized, reduced and total (oxidized +reduced) nitrogen to the entire Baltic Sea basin in Units: ktonnes N month -1. Month Oxidized Reduced Total January February March April May June July August September October November December

15 Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in Source allocation of nitrogen deposition Oxidized nitrogen DE PL RUE BAS NOS GB FR SE BIC FI Figure Top ten countries with highest contributions of nitrogen emissions to annual deposition of oxidized nitrogen into the Baltic Sea basin in the year Units: 100 tonnes N year -1. BAS and NOS denote ship emissions form the Baltic Sea and from the North Sea. respectively. RUE denotes the contributions from emissions in extended Russian territory.

16 34 EMEP Centres Joint Report for HELCOM DE 14 % REST 4 PL 13 % LV EE LT DK 3 % FI 3 % BAS 1 SE 3 % RUE 1 Figure Top ten countries with highest Contributions of nitrogen emissions from the HELCOM Parties, ship traffic on the Baltic Sea and remaining sources in the EMEP area to annual deposition of oxidized nitrogen into the Baltic Sea basin in the year REST denotes emission sources in the EMEP domain excluding HELCOM Parties ship emissions from the Baltic Sea. RUE denotes the contributions from emissions in extended Russian territory. Units: % of total deposition of oxidized nitrogen.

17 Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in Reduced nitrogen DE PL DK SE FI FR BY NL RUE GB Figure Top ten countries with highest contributions of nitrogen emissions to annual deposition of reduced nitrogen into the Baltic Sea basin in the year Units: 100 tonnes N year -1. RUE denotes the contributions from emissions in extended Russian territory.

18 36 EMEP Centres Joint Report for HELCOM REST 24 % DE 26 % EE 2 % LV 2 % LT 2 % RUE 3 % FI 5 % SE 8 % DK 13 % PL 15 % Figure Top ten countries with highest Contributions of nitrogen emissions from the HELCOM Parties, ship traffic on the Baltic Sea and remaining sources in the EMEP area to annual deposition of reduced nitrogen into the Baltic Sea basin in the year REST denotes emission sources in the EMEP domain excluding HELCOM Parties ship emissions from the Baltic Sea. RUE denotes the contributions from emissions in extended Russian territory. Units: % of total deposition of reduced nitrogen.

19 Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in Total nitrogen DE PL DK RUE SE BAS FR GB NOS FI Figure Top ten countries with highest contributions of nitrogen emissions to annual deposition of total (oxidized + reduced) nitrogen into the Baltic Sea basin in the year Units: 100 tonnes N year -1. BAS and NOS denote ship emissions from the Baltic Sea and from the North Sea respectively. RUE denotes the contributions from emissions in extended Russian territory.

20 38 EMEP Centres Joint Report for HELCOM DE 19 % REST 35 % EE PL 14 % LV LT 2 % FI 4 % BAS 5 % SE 5 % RUE 7 % DK 7 % Figure Top ten countries with highest Contributions of nitrogen emissions from the HELCOM Parties, ship traffic on the Baltic Sea and remaining sources in the EMEP area to annual deposition of total nitrogen into the Baltic Sea basin in the year REST denotes emission sources in the EMEP domain excluding HELCOM Parties ship emissions from the Baltic Sea. RUE denotes the contributions from emissions in extended Russian territory. Units: % of total nitrogen deposition.

21 Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in Conclusions for Chapter 3 Calculated annual deposition of total nitrogen to the Baltic Sea basin in 2009 was 201 kt, approximately 7% lower than in Deposition of oxidized nitrogen accounted for 55% of total nitrogen deposition in Compared to 2008 nitrogen oxides emissions are lower (1-25%) in all HELCOM Contracting Parties except Russia where they are 1% higher. Ship emissions from the Baltic Sea were 7% lower in 2009 than in Annual 2009 ammonia emissions are higher than annual 2008 ammonia emissions only in two out of nine HELCOM countries: Denmark (3%) and Germany (2%). Ammonia emissions remain on the same level in 2009 in Estonia and Latvia. They are lower (2-4%) in remaining HELCOM countries. Among the HELCOM Contracting Parties, the largest percent of 2009 nitrogen emissions deposited to the Baltic Sea basin can be noticed for Denmark (14.6%) and the lowest for Russia (0.7%). Spatial distributions of nitrogen oxides and ammonia emissions in 2009 are very similar to the distributions in Calculated annual deposition of total nitrogen to the Baltic Sea basin in 2009 was 201 kt, approximately 7% lower than in 2008 compared to No clear seasonal pattern can be found in monthly nitrogen depositions in 2009, but maximum of the deposition occurs in November and December. Germany, Poland, Russia and ship traffic on the Baltic Sea and Poland are the main emission sources contributing to oxidized nitrogen deposition into the Baltic Sea basin in Compared to 2008, a significant increase in Russian contribution can be noticed in As in 2008, Germany, Poland and Denmark are top three sources contributing to reduced nitrogen deposition into the Baltic Sea basin in The contribution from Russia remains on the same level in 2008 and As in 2008, also in 2009 some distant sources like United Kingdom, France and ship traffic on the North Sea contribute significantly to nitrogen deposition into the Baltic Sea basin in Contribution from boundary and initial conditions (BIC) has appeared for the first time in among top 10 contributors to oxidized nitrogen deposition. Significant contribution of Russian sources is also visible in total nitrogen

22 40 EMEP Centres Joint Report for HELCOM deposition to the Baltic Sea basin. Russia is ranked as number four contributor in this case.

Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen, Lead, Cadmium, Mercury and Dioxines/Furanes to the Baltic Sea in 2007

EMEP Centres Joint Report for HELCOM EMEP/MSC-W TECHNICAL REPORT 2/2009 Atmospheric Supply of Nitrogen, Lead, Cadmium, Mercury and Dioxines/Furanes to the Baltic Sea in 2007 Jerzy Bartnicki 1, Alexey Gusev