Proven Technology Proven Savings. Michael Ogburn Clean Vehicle Technology CLEER / Garfield NECI

Transcription

1 Proven Technology Proven Savings Michael Ogburn Clean Vehicle Technology CLEER / Garfield NECI

2 Proven Technology, Proven Savings OVERVIEW Platform efficiency: why it matters Vehicle technology: moving by leaps and bounds Electricity: a fuel choice you can count on Incorporating fuel diversity into your fleet Alternative fuels: proven petroleum reduction Technologies you can ignore for now Purchasing & policies: without new policy, nothing changes Michael Ogburn Page 2

3 Definitions Flex Fuel, E85 = Ethanol + gasoline (85% ethanol mixed with gas) Biodiesel, B20 = Biodiesel + diesel (20% biodiesel mixed w/ diesel) CNG = Compressed Natural Gas CNG dedicated = Compressed natural gas ONLY CNG Bi Fuel = Burns CNG first, then switches to gasoline (two sets of tanks) Michael Ogburn Page 3

4 Definitions EV = BEV = Battery Electric Vehicle NEV = Neighborhood Electric Vehicle (federally limited to 25 mph) HEV = Hybrid Electric Vehicle (engine: gasoline, diesel, ethanol ) PHEV = Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (Hybrid with bigger battery) EREV = Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EV + generator) Michael Ogburn Page 3

5 Platform efficiency 101 FACT: Only about 1% of the energy in gasoline actually moves the driver... the rest is used moving steel, pushing air, rolling the tires, and heating the brakes Michael Ogburn Page 4

6 Platform efficiency 101 Weight is a major factor in vehicle efficiency When moving, energy is lost to tire drag and air drag OLD FIX: Big engine NEW FIX: Reduce drag & mass Why? Only about 25% of the fuel put into an engine comes out as useful work. First lower the car s need for horsepower to push air, tires and weight; thereby avoid efficiency losses as fuel goes through the engine. Designing vehicles that incorporate platform efficiency = no excess weight, LRR tires, and slippery aerodynamic shapes. Michael Ogburn Page 5

7 Technology: Platform efficiency 101 New ways of designing for efficiency Bright Automotive: expected in 2012: Aerodynamics + hybrid = 40 mpg 150+ mpg PHEV first 40 miles after recharge Michael Ogburn Page 6

8 Heavy duty platform efficiency U.S. truck fleet average: 6 mpg MVT s fleet of 800 trucks average 8+ mpg and carry 70,000 lbs Today s workshop is focused on light-duty fleets. For more info on heavy duty vehicles, contact us or visit Michael Ogburn Page 7

9 Vehicle technology: Now making leaps and bounds Vehicle technologies are changing fast, and more changes are in the pipeline. How many are you preparing to adopt? After platform efficiency, power trains are the next important area of efficiency. Transmissions: 5- and 6-speed automatics, CVTs, DSG dual clutch automatic, and automated-manual. Hybrids: ecvt + regenerative braking Engine downsizing, cylinder de-activation & EcoBoost Plug-in hybrids (PHEV), neighborhood electrics: start planning now for 110V & 240V outlets for charging. Michael Ogburn Page 8

10 New vehicle types on the market Hybrids in new shapes and sizes 2010 Ford Fusion hybrid: 39 mpg Jefferson County s hybrid plow truck Efficient vehicle options 23 mpg mpg 4x4 & 4-cyl = 20 mpg city/hwy Michael Ogburn Page 9

11 Electric & PHEV vehicle technology New ideas are here, with more on the way Nissan 2011 EV GEM: 25 mph, 25+ miles (since 1998) Tesla Roadster (since 2008) Chevy 2011 EREV 125 mph, 250 miles Toyota Prius 2011 PHEV Tesla 2012 EV Michael Ogburn Page 10

12 Electric vehicle technology not just grocery-getters any more Michael Ogburn Page 11

13 Neighborhood electric vehicles available TODAY perfect for small towns NEV: 25 mph top speed, legal on 35 mph roads, mile range, recharge on 120V at 10 amps Over 60 NEVs operate in the Roaring Fork Valley. 30+ vehicles operate in Aspen all winter using studded snow tires GEM Miles ZAP Michael Ogburn Page 12

14 Planning for electric vehicles: as easy as laying conduit in buildings and under pavement Today: Tomorrow: Just plug in! Plan: 120V 15A 240V 30A When renovating, install extra conduit near parking areas (empty conduit is cheap!) When paving, install conduit under sidewalks and in paved parking areas (empty conduit is cheap!) AC Level 1: 120 V, 1 phase, up to 16 A AC Level 2: 240 V, 1 phase, up to 80 A Michael Ogburn Page 13

15 Energy for electrified vehicles Is there enough juice? Yes! Smart Grid Cuts Peaks! Source: PNNL Michael Ogburn Page 14

16 Efficient vehicles emit less CO2/mile Source: CLEER,, Michael Ogburn Page 15

17 Fuel diversity: a key strategy The U.S. imports too much oil and exports too much cash. Energy prices are rising and energy markets are growing more volatile every year. International Energy Agency (IEA) updated its official prediction to the world s governments: 800 major oil fields are declining faster than expected. Global demand growth will outstrip supply in Does your fleet plan incorporate this forecast? The ability to choose from multiple fuels will be critical to controlling budgets and guaranteeing availability. Fleets take 7+ years to flip, giving us just 3 years to spare. Michael Ogburn Page 16

18 Fuel choices (including electricity!) The U.S. imports 60% of its oil. What are the alternatives? Compressed Natural Gas: 8.7 million vehicles world-wide E85: 7 million vehicles in the U.S. alone, but 90% use gasoline Multi fuels: Bi-Fuel, Flex-Fuel, Plug-in-Hybrid Biodiesel: Warranted up to B20 by most manufacturers Cellulosic ethanol and renewable diesel: a new breed of fuel Electric vehicles (EVs): Lower CO2 than gasoline, even with 100% coal; ZERO CO2 with wind, solar or geothermal power Electricity: a large crop of plug-in vehicles is in the pipeline. Planning for EVs is as easy as laying conduit during renovations. Michael Ogburn Page 17

19 Compressed Natural Gas 8.7 million CNG vehicles worldwide Compressed Natural Gas: 7 million vehicles world-wide CNG burns clean but new EPA tailpipe standards mean gasoline and diesel vehicles are equally clean CNG retrofitted onto old gas engines is much cleaner CNG vehicles get the same mileage, but emit 15% less CO2 No smog-forming evaporative emissions during fueling Bi-fuel vehicles switch to gasoline on the fly when out of CNG Presentation by EnCana will include much more Michael Ogburn Page 18

20 Compressed Natural Gas vehicles available in all sizes Michael Ogburn Page 19

21 Biofuels: Start reducing petroleum today Ethanol (E85) and Biodiesel Biofuels provide a near-term replacement for petroleum Choose fuel suppliers with quality control checks in place 1st generation biofuels not perfect: use food crops, resulting in land use change, fresh water use, fertilizer runoff, etc. Conclusion: Use biofuels; seek 2nd Generation sources Colorado State Patrol uses E85 in pursuit vehicles with great success Michael Ogburn Page 20

22 Second generation biofuels Cellulosic ethanol + green diesel Cellulosic Ethanol Use enzymes, catalysts and chemical processes to break down carbohydrates in cellulose (wood chips, grass) into sugars. Use those sugars to make ethanol OR Use heat to gasify the biomass, then use Gas-To-Liquid (GTL) refinery technology to create a liquid fuel Green Diesel Refinery-grade fuel from natural oils Fort Collins HQ, Durango pilot plant Broomfield HQ, Georgia plant Finland NxBTL Bio-to-liquid Michael Ogburn Page 21

23 Second generation biofuels Want to learn more? Life-cycle reports are available online: Michael Ogburn Page 22

24 Technologies to ignore for now H2 not yet ready for prime time: Hydrogen does work and burns clean but costs are very high stay tuned Snake oil Claim: 20%+ Reality: 0% Request CARB certification or SAE Fuel Economy Test Data Fuel Cell: great car, huge cost HHO Hydrogen internal combustion engine Fuel ionizers Space lost to fuel tanks mile range Michael Ogburn Page 23

25 Savings examples: Aspen Police Highlander Hybrid: 20 mpg average on patrol in 09 Estimated 10-vehicle savings over 6 years: $40,000 in fuel Basalt Police Escape Hybrid: 29 mpg; zero problems Eagle County s 20 hybrids save 4,300 gallons yearly vs. SUVs Culver City, Calif.: CNG for entire fleet -- including refuse and public works trucks, buses, and cars -- displacing nearly 800,000 gallons of gasoline and diesel fuel and saving taxpayers more than $1.2 million per year. City of Denver: Used B20 to displace 280,000 gallons diesel. Denver also has 138 hybrids, 136 CNGs, 103 CNG bi fuels, 29 propane-powered, 74 electric and a green fleet report coming soon. Michael Ogburn Page 24

26 Denver surplused Priuses in 08 Michael Ogburn Page 25

27 Environmental results in Denver Michael Ogburn Page 26

28 CNG succeeding at Denver Int l Airport Michael Ogburn Page 27

29 Create policy to create change To make progress, write a fleet policy that states a clear commitment to technology adoption and fuel diversity in your organization. Examples & a template are available online at More info provided in policy presentation. Michael Ogburn Page 28

30 Thank you for your time Michael Ogburn Michael Ogburn Page 29