DME Vehicle in China. Huang Zhen, Qiao Xinqi, Zhang Wugao. Shanghai Jiao Tong University China DME Association (CDA) P.R. China

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1 DME Vehicle in China Huang Zhen, Qiao Xinqi, Zhang Wugao Shanghai Jiao Tong University China DME Association (CDA) P.R. China

2 Contents Energy issues in China Progresses of DME China --- DME engine research --- DME vehicle standards --- DME bus demonstration in Shanghai Conclusions

3 Vehicle Production of China In 2010, China vehicle production was 18 million, ranked No.1 in the world.

4 Vehicles Per 1000 Person Dream and Reality US(816) Italy(667) France(588) Germany(588) UK(526) Japan(588) 200 China(55) Poland(345) Brazil(119) S. Korea(286) GDP/Cap. PPP (USD) It is estimated that by 2020, vehicle population will be 225 million, and by 2030, vehicle population will be 450 million, consequently oil consumption will be 225 million ton and 450 million ton respectively in 2020 and 2030.

5 Peak oil of the world World oil peak production arrive between 2010 to 2015

6 China s Oil Production and Consumption China has become a net oil importer from Over 55% of total oil consumption was imported from foreign countries in 2010.

7 Challenges Energy Insecurity Global warming Air Pollution

8 Contents Energy issues in China Progresses of DME China --- DME engine research --- DME vehicle standard --- DME bus demonstration in Shanghai Conclusions

9 DME Utilization - LPG Alternative DME news in China National Standard DME for City Gas was implemented July 1st, 2011

10 DME Utilization Vehicle use DME DME news in China National Standard DME fuel for vehicle was implemented Nov. 1st, 2011

11 DME Engine Technology High centane number High oxygen content Low boiling temperature High vapor pressure Low viscosity High resolvability Diesel alternative Smoke-free combustion NOx reduction Poor lubricity Rubber deterioration Development of dedicated fuel supply and injection system Development of NOx reduction technology Engine reliability

12 PM, g/kw hr DME Pathway to more stringent regulation USA (2002) (2.7; 0.13) 1 st -G DMEV USA (5.36; 0.13) Euro III (5.0; 0.10) 国 3(2007) nd -G DMEV 3 th -G DMEV USA 2007 (3.5; 0.02) (2.0; 0.02) 0.00 Euro IV 国 4(2010) (0.02; 0.01) (1.2; 0.01) USA Euro V NOx, g/kw hr

13 National Clean Vehicle Action Program: 1st-G DME Engine and Vehicle Demonstration First City Bus Fuelled with DME in China in 2005

14 National 863 Hightech Project: 2nd-G DME Engine and Vehicle Demonstration 废气 涡轮机 氧化后处理装置 (DOC) EGR 冷却器 EGR 控制器 二甲醚发动机 废气 中冷器 压气机 空气

15 Effect of EGR rate on Fuel Consumption and NOx Emission (Engine speed=1400 r/min)

16 Effect of EGR rate on HC and CO emissions ( Engine speed=1400 r/min)

17 Ttq(N.m) Pe(kW) National 863 Hightech Project: 2nd-G DME Engine and Vehicle Demonstration DME Diesel Speed(r/min)

18 National 863 Hightech Project: 3rd-G DME Engine and Vehicle Demonstration DME Premixed Combustion Low boiling temperature High vapor pressure Easy evaporation Increase plunger diameter LPG blending Cooled EGR Retard Injection time Shorten injection duration Increase ignition delay ium Decrease max temperature Premixed combustion NOx reduction

19 ROHR(J/ CA) ROHR(J/ CA) DME Premixed Combustion Plunger diameter 12mm 13mm n=1400r/min BMEP=0.30MPa Injection timing 160 Plunger diameter 12mm 13mm n=1400r/min BMEP=0.60MPa Injection timing CA BTDC 3 CA BTDC CA BTDC 3 CA BTDC Pure DME+w/o EGR Pure DME+30%EGR Pure DME+w/o EGR 70% DME+30%LPG +15%EGR Crank Angle( CA) Crank Angle( CA) Heat Release of DME

20 HC(10-6 ) CO(10-6 ) BSFC(g/kW.h) NOx(10-6 ) Effect of DME premixed combustion on fuel consumption and emissions (800r/min) mm+12 CA BTDC+0% LPG+0% EGR 12mm+3 CA BTDC+0% LPG+0% EGR 13mm+3 CA BTDC+0% LPG+0% EGR 13mm+3 CA BTDC+30% LPG+0% EGR 13mm+3 CA BTDC+30% LPG+optimal EGR 30%EGR n=800r/min n=800r/min 12mm+12 CA BTDC +0% LPG+0% EGR 12mm+3 CA BTDC +0% LPG+0% EGR 13mm+3 CA BTDC +0% LPG+0% EGR 13mm+3 CA BTDC +30% LPG+0% EGR 13mm+3 CA BTDC +30% LPG+optimalEGR %EGR %EGR 20%EGR n=800r/min 0.30 Pe(MPa) mm+12 CA BTDC+0% LPG+0% EGR 12mm+3 CA BTDC+0% LPG+0% EGR 13mm+3 CA BTDC+0% LPG+0% EGR 13mm+3 CA BTDC+30% LPG+0% EGR 13mm+3 CA BTDC+30% LPG+optimal EGR Pe(MPa) n=800r/min mm+12 CA BTDC+0% lpg+0% EGR 12mm+3 CA BTDC+0% lpg+0% EGR 13mm+3 CA BTDC+0% lpg+0% EGR 13mm+3 CA BTDC+30% lpg+0% EGR 13mm+3 CA BTDC +30% lpg+optimal EGR %EGR 20%EGR %EGR 20%EGR Pe(MPa) Pe(MPa) 0.60

21 HC(10-6 ) CO(10-6 ) BSFC(g/kW.h) NOx(10-6 ) Effect of DME premixed combustion on fuel consumption and emissions (n=1400r/min,bmep=0.60mpa) n=1400r/min 12mm+6 CA BTDC+0% LPG+0% EGR 12mm+3 CA BTDC+0% LPG+0% EGR 13mm+3 CA BTDC+0% LPG+0% EGR 13mm+3 CA BTDC+30% LPG+0% EGR 13mm+3 CA BTDC+30% LPG+15% EGR mm+6 CA BTDC+0% LPG+0% EGR 12mm+3 CA BTDC+0% LPG+0% EGR 13mm+3 CA BTDC+0% LPG+0% EGR 13mm+3 CA BTDC+30% LPG+0% EGR 13mm+3 CA BTDC+30% LPG+15% EGR n=1400r/min Pe=0.60MPa 0 Pe=0.60MPa mm+6 CA BTDC+0% LPG+0% EGR 12mm+3 CA BTDC+0% LPG+0% EGR 13mm+3 CA BTDC+0% LPG+0% EGR 13mm+3 CA BTDC+30% LPG+0% EGR 13mm+3 CA BTDC+30% LPG+15% EGR mm+6 CA BTDC+0% LPG+0% EGR 12mm+3 CA BTDC+0% LPG+0% EGR 13mm+3 CA BTDC+0% LPG+0% EGR 13mm+3 CA BTDC+30% LPG+0% EGR 13mm+3 CA BTDC+30% LPG+15% EGR 200 n=1400r/min 400 n=1400r/min Pe=0.60MPa Pe=0.60MPa

22 Contents Energy issues in China Progresses of DME China --- DME engine research --- DME vehicle standard --- DME bus demonstration in Shanghai Conclusions

23 Promotion of standard system of DME vehicle Vehicle (4 items): The standard of DME city-bus Liquid DME cylinder of DME city-bus The technical requirement of DME city-bus dedicated parts The setting requirement of DME citybus dedicated parts Engine (3 items): Technical requirement of DME engine Technical requirement of the key part of DME engine Calculation method of DME engine emission Refilling (2 items): The filling inlet of DME city-bus The requirement of structure, design and detection of DME filling station Seal materials (2 items): Standard of EPDM for DME vehicle Standard of plastic for DME vehicle Fuel (1 item): The DME fuel standard for vehicle Fuel tank (2 items): The valve of DME tank The system of DME tank

24 Contents Energy issues in China Progresses of DME China --- DME engine research --- DME vehicle standard --- DME bus demonstration in Shanghai Conclusions

25 Shanghai DME Bus Project Nation 863 Program Shanghai Economic Committee Seal Material Supplier Vehicle DME Tank Supplier DME Valve and Control Unit Suppller DME Supply Pump Maker Shanghai JiaoTong University (Key Technology R & D) Shanghai Diesel Company (Engine Maker) Shanghai Auto Industry Maker) 11 companies + SJTU (Bus Lubricant Supplier ENN Company (Fuel and refueling Station Supplier ) Local DME fuel, engine, vehicle, tank, refueling station and parts standards Shanghai Bus Company (No.147 City Bus)

26 特征间隙磨损量平均值 Shanghai DME Bus Demonstration 添加剂种类 In this work, dedicated fuel supply, injection and combustion system, DME-tolerant seal material, fuel additive for lubricity improvement were developed. Dedicated engine passed 1000 hours reliability test, DME bus passed km road test, including 3000 km road test in summer Finally 10 city buses were successfully developed 0.00 纯 DME DME+2% 蓖麻油 DME+500 DME+500 PPM PPM 添加剂 C 月桂酸 DME+500 PPM 添加剂 A DME+500 PPM 添加剂 B

27 Shanghai DME Bus Demonstration First DME refueling station was developed by ENN in Shanghai by ENN DME Tank: 10 cubic meter 8500 Liter (DME)

28 Shanghai DME Bus Demonstration NDRC granted first licence to SAIC for DME bus manufacture and selling in A fleet of DME buses has be put into public use for demonstration in Jan

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30 Contents Energy issues in China Progresses of DME China --- DME engine research --- DME vehicle standard --- DME bus demonstration in Shanghai Conclusions

31 Barriers to Implementation General/Marketplace - Lack of infrastructure. - Chicken and the Egg dilemma Technological - Technical challenges for CO2 reduction in DME production

32 Way Ahead More industry involvement in R&D and demos - LPG alternative - DME buses. Trucks and trains - DME power generation - DME Heat Pump - Government in role of early adopters Need for more DME users to stimulate market Government policies and incentives Universal set of standards. International cooperation.

33 Thank You! http//ecovehicle.sjtu.edu.cn

34 Properties of DME and Diesel Fuel Property (unit/condition) DME Diesel fuel Chemical formula CH3-O-CH3 Mole weight (g) Boiling point ( C) ~360 Liquid density (g/cm3) Liquid viscosity (cp) Low heat value (MJ/kg) Ignition temperature ( C) Cetane number Stoichiometric air/fuel ratio (kg/kg) %wt of carbon %wt of hydrogen % wt of oxygen Modulus of elasticity (N/m2)