Stringent Emission Regulation in China

Transcription

1 Issues of Fuel Specification for Future Stringent Emission Regulation in China JARI Fuel Meeting in Shanghai June. 26, Shanghai Fuels and Lubricants Committee Japan Automobile Manufactures Association ()

2 Contents Important Quality of Gasoline for Euro4 or equivalent emission regulation Important Quality of Diesel Fuel for Euro4 or equivalent emission regulation Summary

3 Emission Control Systems for Achieving Lower Emission Regulation Combustion Lean combustion Timing retard Exhaust System Heat Insurance Ex.manifold Secondary Air Air Fuel Ratio Control Finer spray atomization Injector Variable valve Timing (Ex) (In) Electronic throttle Quick light-off A/F Sensor Catalyst Quick Warm-up Quick Light-off Thermal resistance Low heat mass substrate High Cell Density TWC Intake Air Control Valve Crankshaft Position Sensor TWC Oxygen Sensor

4 Gasoline Quality for Low Emissions Fuel quality to maximize the catalyst performance; For air fuel ratio control Distillation properties (and RVP) Detergent (preventing deposits) For quicker warm up of catalyst Lowering sulfur Metal Free For keeping higher conversion efficiency Lowering sulfur Metal Free

5 Effects of Sulfur in Gasoline on Exhaust Emissions i Rel lative THC 15 LEV1-LEV LEV1-LEV SULEV LEV2 ULEV SULEV 1 5 LEV,ULEV ive NOx Relat 15 LEV1-LEV LEV1-LEV LEV2 ULEV SULEV SULEV 1 5 LEV,ULEV Sulfur (ppmw) Sulfur (ppmw) SULEV : Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle, ULEV : Ultra Low Emission Vehicle, LEV : Low Emission Vehicle Sulfur gives a significant impact on exhaust emissions. SAE

6 Effect of T5/T9 on Exhaust HC Summary of Published Data Relative e HC 4 2 Relative e HC T5 (deg.c) T9 (deg.c) Note:Base ( ) is data from test gasoline that has about 98deg.C of T5 and about 148deg.C of T9 Increasing T5/T9 increases HC emissions dramatically.

7 Effects of IVD on Ex. Emissions Relativ ve Exha aust Em missions s HC CO NOx 149 Removal of IVD Rating '6' (dirty) Rating '9 ' (Clean) CRC IVD Rating Intake Valve Deposits worsen exhaust emissions.

8 Effects of Manganese Based-Gasoline Additive on Catalyst Performance (2) Effects of Mn concentration and Cell Density on Catalyst Plugging Effects of High Cell Density Technology on Reduction of HC emissions Bag NMHC C, g/mile Cold 4mil 4cpsi 2mil 6cpsi 2mil 8cpsi 2mil 9cpsi SAE Cell Density SAE Metals have very severe damage on higher cell density catalyst.

9 Euro 4 or Equivalent Gasoline Specification

10 Emission Control Systems for Achieving Lower Emission Regulation Diesel Throttle EGR Valve Inter-Cooler Air Flow Meter Common rail system Multi-hole atomization ti Injector EGR Cooler Intake Air VN Turbo Charger After-treatment DPF Oxidation Catalyst NOx Catalyst Exhaust Gas

11 Diesel Fuel Quality for Low Emissions Fuel quality to reduce emissions and protect systems For After Treatment Systems and EGR Lowering sulfur For reducing engine-out emissions Increasing Cetane Lowering aromatics and T9 For CR-DI systems Metal Free Keep Lubricity Less impurities (Good house keeping)

12 Effects of Sulfur on PM (CR-DPF System) PM, g/kwh PM, g/kwh D13 mode L4,4.9 4 litter,lpl-cooled l EGR Drysoot+H2O Sulfate SOF 1 ppm.1 JARI Engine Test Cycle Drysoot+H2O Sulfate SOF 1 ppm 1 ppm 5 ppm 1 ppm 5 ppm Mileage, km Sulfur effect on sophisticated after treatment system is significant.

13 Effects of CN on Exhaust Emissions D13 mode (W/O After Treatment System) Cetane Number (CN) gives big impacts on engine-out emissions.

14 Metals in Diesel Calcium Additive Effects on Injector Deposits Bl lack Smoke (%) With deposit Idling Free Acceleration Cleanup Metals in fuel promote injector deposits.

15 Market problem caused by inadequate fuel Lubric city of fuels in the ta ank,um (HFRR R) (kerosene and heavy oil blended low lubricity fuel) Mileage when malfunction was occurred Low lubricity fuels give fetal damage to FIE(*) immediately. * FIE = Fuel Injection Equipment (Fuel Injector and Injection pump)

16 Effects of Impurities (Water, Particulates) <Fracture surface of Plunger Spring> <Seizure of Plunger> Plunger Camshaft (center of rotation) Cam-ring Clutch the broken Plunger Housing Impurities like water and particulates give fetal damage to FIE.

17 Euro 4 or Equivalent Diesel Fuel Specification

18 Gasoline Specification Summary Sulfur, T5, detergency and metals should be given high priorities iti for exhaust emission i control. Priority it of olefins will not be high from the view point of emission control technology. For Beijing Euro4 spec, distillation, detergency and metals will be necessary to review. Diesel Fuel Specification Sulfur, T9, Cetane Number and metals will be important t for lowering emission and, Lubricity and impurities (water, Particulates) will be key properties for CR-DI systems. For Beijing Euro4 spec, T9 may be necessary to review. More specific specifications for water and particulate are necessary.

19 Appendix

20 Main Source of HC at Cold Start and T5 s Impacts st cycle after cold start (25deg.C) Adsorption of fuel Require ment fue el rate Port Wet 1 1. Cylinder Wet.5 Burned fuel Engine-out HC Fuel A Fuel B T5 15 deg.c deg.c Un-burn HC TOYOTA/13th Internal Combustion Symposium, Nov. 96

21 Effect of RFE *1 on Exhaust Emissions *1: Reduced Fuel Enrichment (RFE) by 6% at Cold Starting Production LEV Standard RFE ULEV Standard NMHC,g/mile CO,g/mile NOx,g/mile K 1K. 4K 1K Catalysts. 4K 1K SAE

22 Effect of T5 on Ex. Emissions As Reducing Fuel Enrichment LEV with RFE +167% 4 Relative e THC c 2 LEV T5, deg.c

23 Effects of Manganese Based-Gasoline Additive on Catalyst Performance (1) Effects of Mn concentration and Ex. Gas temp. on Catalyst Plugging Exhaust gas temperature Close Coupled Catalyst Quick warm-up Higher Temperature SAE