JARI. Kiyoyuki Minato

Transcription

1 JARI JARI Beijing RT Approach to Clean Air in Japan Kiyoyuki Minato Japan Automobile Research Institute 1

2 Surroundings of Automobiles Three major issues : Energy, CO2 reduction, Air quality Global Warming Energy CO2 reduction Urban Environment CO2 Energy Emissions

3 Current situation of Japan Population : 127miliion Motor vehicles : 78 million units passenger cars : 58 million truck/bas : 20 million motorcycle : 4 million No. of Motor vehicles per 1,000 persons total motor vehicles :594 passeneger cars : 496

4 Relationship Between the Automobile and dthe Environment/Energy Issues The issues do not simply involve higher added value but issues in responding to social demand d in terms of energy, the environment, etc. Air pollution problems Emission (NOx, HC, PM, etc.) Global warming Emission (CO2) Fuel economy, energy conservation, etc. VS Waste disposal Processing, disposal and recycling of end-of-life vehicles Traffic accidents Safety 4

5 Motorization and Environment in Japan Motorization Urbanization Economic Growth Environment Policy Serious air pollution New Technology Clean Air

6 Motor ve ehicle in use (million un its) Vehicle Population and Environmental Polices (Japan) (1) 1951 Inspection & Maintenance start (2) 1970 Detect of health hazard Photochemical smog (3) 1971 Start unlead gasoline (1987 Phase out lead gasoline) (4) 1973 Air Pollution Control Act (5) 1978 Emission control (Japanese's Muskie's low) (6) 1992 Control of NOx emission (7) 1997 Long term regulation (Diesel) (8) 2000 Emission regulation (Gasoline) (9) 2002 Control of NOx and PM (10) 2005 New long term regulation (Gasoline & Diesel) (11) 2009 Post New regulation (Gasoline & Diesel ) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) 10 (1) 0 6

7 Emission and Fuel Regulations in Japan Gasoline Emission regulations 1978 Reg Reg New Short-Term New Long-Term Post New Long-Term 1973 Reg Fuel quality 1987 Phase out lead gasoline S100, RVP (T50:75-110) S50 S50 S10 (Implemented) S Diesel Emission regulations Fuel quality 1974 Reg From Reg 1990 Reg (NOx) 1994 Reg (PM) S S2000 S Reg (NOx, PM) S500 (Implemented) New Short-Term S50 New Long-Term S50 S10 S10 Incentive Post New Long-Term 7

8 Emission regulations(japan,us,europe) (Heavy-duty) PM (g/kwh) Long term regulation Japan :New short-term regulation 2004~ 0.10 (NOx+NMHC) USA 1998~ EURO2(~1999) Europe EURO3(2000~) ~ EURO5(2008~) 2009:Post-new long term regulation 2005:New long-term regulation EURO4(2005~) NOx (g/kwh)

9 Total SPM Emission from Vehicle and Traffic Volume -Case of Tokyo- '90 diesel NOx reg '97 diesel NOx-PM reg '05 New Long-Term Reg (G,D) '09 Post New Long-Term Reg (G,D) '03 Diesel Sulfur 50 ppm '05 Diesel Sulfur 10 ppm 9

10 Atmospheric Environmental Regional Observation System Ambient tair Pollution Monitoring i Stations ti Monitoring the conformation status of the environmental standard. Confirming the effect of the air pollution-control measures. Monitoring the regional pollution status stations in Japan (2006). Roadside Air Pollution Monitoring i Stations ti Monitoring the pollution status by air pollutant from automotive emissions. 451 stations in Japan (2006).

11 Inspection & Maintenance Effect (CO)(Japan:1970 practical example ) The maintenance is a measure with the effect for Safety, Emission reduction and energy saving. After maintenance mean concentration : 2.5% Before maintenance mean concentration : 7.2% 70 自動車台台数 ( 台 ) CO 濃度 (%) 11

12 Japan's Effort for Air Quality Improvement * Effective combination of emission/fuel regulations. * Air quality improving or stable despite expanding vehicle fleet. CO 5.0 National Average Measurement 80 PM (ppm) 0.18 PM Source: Air Pollution Report, 2005", Ministry of the Environment Consentration n(ppm) Residential area measurement tion(m ) Motor Vehicle populat ion Consentrati Residential area measurement '78 diesel vhl reg '09 Post Long-Term Reg '68 CO control '78 Japanese's Muskie's low '74 diesel vhl reg '86 diesel vhl reg '90 diesel NOx reg '73 CO,HC,NOx control '00 New Short -Term Reg Stricter '97 diesel NOx-PM reg '05 New Long -Term Reg '96 Gasoline sulfur 100ppm '05 Gasoline sulfur 50ppm '07 Gasoline sulfur 10ppm '76 Diesel sulfur 500ppm '03 Diesel sulfur 50 ppm '05 Diesel sulfur 10 ppm

13 Energy consumption by sectors Energy consumption of Transport (Passenger) sector and Commercial & Residential sector are remarkable. The greatest subject is how to reduce CO2 from these sectors in Japan 1990= Industry Residential Commercial Passenger Freight 20

14 Energy consumption and Fuel Efficiency i Standard d in Japan Energy co onsumptio on(1,000k kl) 70,000 60,000 50,000 40, ,000 20,000 10, standard 2010 standard 2015 standard Implemented in 78 Implemented in 98 Implemented in standard Gasoline Implemented in Oil shock Fuel Efficiency Standard 1997 COP3 Fuel Efficiency Standard Diesel 14

15 CO2 emissions from Transport (Japan) CO2 emissions in the road transport sector in Japan have been on the decrease in the 21st century. 268 Mt (2001) 249 Mt(2007) Air Ships Rail Commercial 18% Residential 14% 32% Trucks Transport 19% Industry Passenger 36% 56% cars 1 15

16 CO2 Reduction in Transportation Sector After reaching the peak in 2001, CO2 emissions in the transport sector have been on the decrease. The CO2 reduction in the transport sector is attributable to: 1) decreased travel distance, 2) increased fuel efficiency, and 3) improved traffic flow. Million tons 11 1)Decreased travel distance 9 2)Increased fuel efficiency )Improved traffic flow Note:Road transport shares 90% of all transport sector Source:Japanese Government 2010

17 umption value (km/l L) (km/l) Fuel cons History of Fuel Efficiency Standard in Japan Energy or environmental constraints were the drivers for implementation or revision of fuel efficiency standards (1) Oil shock 1985 standard Implemented in % improvement (2) Significant worsening of fuel consumption 2002 standard Implemented in % i t (3) COP3 (4) Early fulfillment of fuel efficiency standards 2010 standard Implemented in % improvement 22.8% improvement 15.1(2005) 2015 standard Implemented in % improvement 17 * Values from mode

18 The world The Next-Generation Vehicle and Fuel Initiative targets in % 100% 80% 80% oil dependence in transport sector 30% improvement of energy efficiency 97% 98% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 1973 年度 2000 年度 2030 年度 R d ti f CO i th ld i J Reduction of CO 2 in the world using Japanese technology, by developing the result of innovations

19 Government Policy Effective Policy for promoting Clean Vehicles Without control to hold of passenger cars, The most effective method of combination of regulation and treatment Regulation to makers 1Fuel economy 2Emission regulations Incentive measures to Consumer 3Tax incentive 4subsidy Supplies clean car in market Support clean car purchase of consumers Promoting Clean vehicles 19

20 Three Actions Required for Environmental/Energy Control (1) Action for air pollution problem Radical reduction of toxic substances in exhaust gas (2) Action for global warming problem Radical reduction of CO 2 emission volume (3) Action for energy control Energy countermeasures in the transportation sector dependent excessively on oil (Use of oil-alternative fuels, etc.) Solving the three problems in balance is required. 20

21 For Sustainable Future In future, Increase of car use cancel effort for emission reduction in Asia. Our slogan is Ever Onward. JARI wants to have the information exchange continuously with you to solve these problems.

22 Conclusion: For Better Air Quality in Asia Needs Effective Policies Needs Consensus Needs Public Awareness 22