Trends on Fuels and Lubricants for supporting Thailand Low Carbon Society by ARUNRATT WUTTIMONGKOLCHAI PTT Public Company Limited, Thailand

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1 Trends on Fuels and Lubricants for supporting Thailand Low Carbon Society by 2030 ARUNRATT WUTTIMONGKOLCHAI PTT Public Company Limited, Thailand

In addition, such information contains projections and forward-looking statements that reflect our current views with respect to future events and financial performance.

2 PTT RTI Disclaimer PTT Research and Technology Institute, PTT Public Company Limited Disclaimer The information contained in our presentation is intended solely for your personal reference only. In addition, such information contains projections and forward-looking statements that reflect our current views with respect to future events and financial performance. These views are based on assumptions subject to various risks and uncertainties. No assurance is given that future events will occur, that projections will be achieved, or that our assumptions are correct. Actual results may differ materially from those projected.

3 Outline COP 21 - Agreement New Energy Policy & Planning New 2016 Vehicle Excise Tax Trend of Vehicle Technology Trends of Fuels and Lubricants Thailand Situation on Biofuel and Lubricant Conclusion

4 Outline COP 21 - Agreement New Energy Policy & Planning New 2016 Vehicle Excise Tax Trend of Vehicle Technology Trends of Fuels and Lubricants Thailand Situation on Biofuel and Lubricant Conclusion

5 World target Thailand target 1 billion USD for Climate Change Fund To reduce 40% of CO 2 by 2025 (base year 1990) To reduce 20% of CO 2 by 2025 (base year 2005) Thailand has already achieved approx. 4% of our INDC target to reduce our greenhouse gas emission

6 Outline COP 21 - Agreement New Energy Policy & Planning New 2016 Vehicle Excise Tax Trend of Vehicle Technology Trends of Fuels and Lubricants Thailand Situation on Biofuel and Lubricant Conclusion

7 Long Term Energy Development Plan Power Development Plan (PDP 2015) Energy Efficiency Plan (EEP 2015) Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP 2015) Oil Plan 2015 Gas Plan 2015 Source : Ministry of Energy, Thailand 21 years 7

8 Energy Efficiency Plan (EEP) 2015 History Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Leaders Declaration Target : To Reduce Energy Intensity EI - 45% EI 26-30% EI Source : Ministry of Energy, Thailand 8

9 Energy Efficiency Plan (EEP 2015) Summary Energy Saving Target EI (2010) actual ktoe/billion baht EI (2013) actual ktoe/billion baht New EI (2036) forecast ktoe/billion baht -2.3% -30% EI (2010) actual ktoe/billion baht 1 st step for Action Plan EI (2021) forecast ktoe/billion baht -16% Saving Energy in ,501 ktoe Measurement Operation Results (ktoe) : 2021 EE-7 Transportation To restructure of automobile excise tax ( 1 st Jan 2016) 8,338 To expand 10 Mass transit electric trains To construct double-track railway 3,000 km (58.7% from 14,501 ktoe) To expand the oil pipeline route for 600 km (north part:2021) To use the energy saving tires (7.5 million) Source : Ministry of Energy, Thailand To use the logistics and transportation management / 80,000 trucks 9

Energy Efficiency Plan (EEP 2015) Next step to achieve 46% or 30,213 ktoe SAVING in 2036 Transport sector To cancel or review subsidized fuel price To promote

circulating fund for energy conservation in transport sector To promote the result of energy saving in transport sector To develop infrastructure for mass

10 Energy Efficiency Plan (EEP 2015) Next step to achieve 46% or 30,213 ktoe SAVING in 2036 Transport sector To cancel or review subsidized fuel price To promote using eco-car To label the energy efficiency for tires To use the logistics and transportation management for saving energy Eco Driving To promote the circulating fund for energy conservation in transport sector To promote the result of energy saving in transport sector To develop infrastructure for mass transportation and transit system To develop infrastructure for double-track railway cover all 3,165 km To expand the oil pipeline route To use electric vehicle for energy saving

11 Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP) 2015 Electricity Biofuel Heat Paper Title Source : Ministry of Energy, Thailand

Renewable Energy in 2036 Renewable Energy Consumption Final

12 Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP 2015) The Target of Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP) % of Renewable Energy in 2036 Renewable Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption Renewable Energy Consumption 30% RE

13 Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP 2015) Target by Energy Type in 2036 Electricity Heat Biofuel 20% producing from RE 20% producing from RE 25% using from RE MSW MSW Biomass Biomass Biogas Biogas Wind Solar Solar Etc. Etc. Paper Title Biodiesel Ethanol Pyrolysis oil Compress Biomethane etc. 13

14 Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP 2015) Biofuel Target in % Biofuel Consumption in 2036 Energy type Target (ktoe) Biofuels ML/day ML/day ktoe 1.Biodiesel , Ethanol , Pyrolysis oil Compressed Bio-methane (ton/day) - 4, , Other alternative energy* Total , *for example, bio-oil, hydrogen, etc. Source : Ministry of Energy, Thailand

15 Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP 2015) Guideline for Implementation Biofuels To promote the use of B10 and B20 for transport and industrial sector To encourage the use of gasohol by price mechanism, advertisement To promote the use of CBG in transport/industrial sector (truck fleet) To promote the development of biofuel production (cost reduction) Biodiesel Milestone Option B10 B10 B Source : Ministry of Energy, Thailand Promote B10 Promote B20 Source : Ministry of Energy, Thailand 15

16 Outline COP 21 - Agreement New Energy Policy & Planning New 2016 Vehicle Excise Tax Trend of Vehicle Technology Trends of Fuels and Lubricants Thailand Situation on Biofuel and Lubricant Conclusion

17 Comparison of the Previous Vehicle Excise Tax vs the Current Tax Mandated Jan. 1 st, 2016 Source :

18 Outline COP 21 - Agreement New Energy Policy & Planning New 2016 Vehicle Excise Tax Trend of Vehicle Technology Trends of Fuels and Lubricants Thailand Situation on Biofuel and Lubricant Conclusion

19 Current Situation Trends of Vehicle Technology in Thailand S.I. Engine C.I. Engine EV / HEV / PHEV PFI engine technology friendly to fuel with E20 some passenger car models with E85 compatible bi-fuel vehicles are remaining almost the same as 2014 heavy-duty diesel engine still play as a major population very popular for light-duty pick-up truck for multipurpose application a few passenger models diesel dual-fuel and dedicated CNG vehicles are remaining almost the same as 2014 HEV have been introduced but it is not popular *** EV is now in consideration of how the country will promote the EV utilization

20 System Current Design New Design Injection System Port Injection Direct Injection Intake/Exhaust System Trends of Vehicle Technology in Thailand Spark Ignition Engine Design Vehicles in Thailand Based on CO 2 Emissions is the same trend as Global Trend Natural Aspiration Turbo-Charger Powertrain System Conventional Hybrid and Plug-In Hybrid No Start & Stop System Start & Stop System Size of Engine Downsizing Engine Ref : JAMA Seminar 2015 in Thailand

21 Trends of Vehicle Technology in Thailand C.I. Engine ITEM Current Future Injector Solenoid Solenoid / Piezo Rail Pressure MPa MPa EGR w/o cooler W cooler Turbo Fixed Variable Engine Capacity Normal Downsize Fuel Injection Multiple w/o post injection Multiple w post injection After-treatment Oxidation w/o DPF Oxidation w DPF Powertrains ICE Hybrid Diesel engine technology is still Common-rail Direct Injection and improving some auxiliary system to get high efficiency such as higher fuel common-rail pressure, variable turbocharger and EGR cooler etc.

22 Outline COP 21 - Agreement New Energy Policy & Planning New 2016 Vehicle Excise Tax Trend of Vehicle Technology Trends of Fuels and Lubricants Thailand Situation on Biofuel and Lubricant Conclusion

23 Trends of Fuels and Lubricants Fuels for S.I. Engine Use E20 as a regular fuel instead of E10. Lower sulfur content New detergent additive to protect the injector fouling especially for GDI Engine Technology Require fuel lubricity to protect the pump wear Fuels for C.I. Engine Higher Biodiesel content such as B10 in 2025 Lower sulfur content Higher detergent additive for protecting the IDID, regarding the higher fuel injection pressure. More stringent on fluid particle control in the fuel Higher oxidation stability control from high pressure

24 Global Trend of Spark Ignition Engine Design System Old Design New Design Concerns related to Engine Oils Injection System Port Injection Direct Injection Fuel Dilution Soot Induced Wear Intake/Exhaust System Trends of Fuels and Lubricants Natural Aspiration Turbo-Charger Turbo Deposit Piston Deposit Low Speed Pre-Ignition Powertrain System Conventional Hybrid and Plug-In Hybrid Different Stress Mode to Oils No Start & Stop System Start & Stop System Different Stress Mode to Oils Size of Engine Downsizing Engine Increasing Stress In Oils Spark Ignition Engine Design for Thailand based on CO 2 Emissions is the same trend as Global Trend Ref : JAMA Seminar 2015 in Thailand

Trends of Fuels and Lubricants Shift to Low Viscosity Engine Oil GF-6 GF-6A/GF-6B ACEA 2014/2016 OEM specifications Eco-Car Thailand New Fuel Economy Grades GF-6A: SAE xw-20 GF-6B: SAE 0W-16 or lower

25 Trends of Fuels and Lubricants Shift to Low Viscosity Engine Oil GF-6 GF-6A/GF-6B ACEA 2014/2016 OEM specifications Eco-Car Thailand New Fuel Economy Grades GF-6A: SAE xw-20 GF-6B: SAE 0W-16 or lower Potential new ACEA xw-20 category OEM and Legislation SAE 0W-20 recommended for Thailand s Eco-Car and major OEMs since 2011 In Thailand, the use of SAE 0W-20 oil is started with the Eco-Car scheme implemented by the government in 2011

26 Low Viscosity Engine Oil SAE 0W-20 for Tropical Climates

27 Outline COP 21 - Agreement New Energy Policy & Planning New 2016 Vehicle Excise Tax Trend of Vehicle Technology Trends of Fuels and Lubricants Thailand Situation on Biofuel and Lubricant Conclusion

28 Thailand Alternative Energy Situation 12.65% Alternative Energy * January through November solar energy, wind energy, hydro energy, biomass, biogas, MSW, and biofuel (ethanol and biodiesel). Source : Ministry of Energy, Thailand

ML/day Thailand Gasoline & Gasohol Consumption 25 > 20 ML/day 20 15 2014

53 ML/day Gasohol consumption up to 93% Gasoline Gasohol 10 5 ULR 91 had

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Gasoline & Gasohol Consumption in Dec 2015

29 ML/day Thailand Gasoline & Gasohol Consumption 25 > 20 ML/day Gasoline (ULG+ULR)1.56 ML/day Gasohol ML/day Gasohol consumption up to 93% Gasoline Gasohol 10 5 ULR 91 had been canceled by the government in Gasoline & Gasohol Consumption in Dec 2015 Gasohol (E10, E20 and E85) : ML/day Gasoline (ULG 95) : 1.5 ML/day Source : Ministry of Energy, Thailand 29

30 ML/day 70 Thailand Diesel Consumption Diesel (B0) Diesel (B2-B3) Since 1 st May 2011 ONE grade of Diesel (Bxx) in Thailand Diesel (B5) Diesel (B3-B7) Remarks : 1. 1 st May 2011, DOEB (Department of Energy Business) announced the new HSD specification which mixed B100 between 3-5% by vol. as well as mandated to distribute only one grade of Diesel : Diesel B th May 2014, DOEB set the policy to increase B100 content up to 7% by vol in HSD. Diesel Consumption in Dec 2015 Diesel (B0&B7) consumption : ML/day Source : Ministry of Energy, Thailand

31 Trend of PCMO by Viscosity Grade in Thailand (only 0W-X & 5W-X) Percentage of SAE Viscosity % % % XW-50 XW-40 XW-30 XW-20 Shift from XW-40 and XW-50 to XW-20 and XW-30 Ref : Ministry of Energy Thailand, XW= 0W and 5W

32 Outline COP 21 - Agreement New Energy Policy & Planning New 2016 Vehicle Excise Tax Trend of Vehicle Technology Trends of Fuels and Lubricants Thailand Situation on Biofuel and Lubricant Conclusion

33 Conclusion (1) Thailand has set the target of lowering CO2 by 20% compared with 2005 within 2025 at COP21 meeting in Paris. The combining of 5 energy policies : PDP,EEP,ADEP, Oil Plan and Gas Plan have been mandated since 2015 for supporting the stringent target. The S.I. engine will transform from PFI to GDI. The downsizing engine will be the more population of passenger car Diesel engine technology is still Common-rail Direct Injection and improving to get high efficiency

34 Conclusion (2) The part of fossil fuel will be replaced by the higher content of biofuel such as 20% Ethanol in gasoline and 10% Biodiesel in diesel fuel. For lubricant or engine oil, the requirement of lowering the viscosity for achieving the higher fuel economy is the major target. However, the wear and oxidation properties must be the critical concerns.

35 THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION!

Chapter 2. Potential Study of Diversified Transportation Energy Mix

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