PEMS/RDE chronology. The European Commission s science and knowledge service. Joint Research Centre

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1 The European Commission s science and knowledge service Joint Research Centre PEMS/RDE chronology

2 Inside EU DGs, EP, MS Sustainable transport VELA Outside EU UN-ECE (GRPE) International Collaborations Passenger cars and Light Duty Vehicles Motorcycles Heavy Duty Vehicles (On/Off-road) Fuels Emission standards EURO 5 EURO 6 Beyond EURO 6 CO2 emissions certification procedure, eco-innovation Emission standards EURO 3 EURO 4 EURO 5 Emission standards EURO VI CO2 emissions Monitoring tool (VECTO) NRMM Stage V Fuel Quality Directive review Biofuels Sustainability criteria ILUC Alternative fuels Well to Wheels analysis WLTP (harmonized test procedure) EVE (environment related aspects for electric vehicles) PMP (Particles from vehicles) WMTC (harmonized test cycle) EEPR (harmonization of test procedures for L-category vehicles) WHDC (harmonized test procedure) NRMM GTR US-EPA US-DOE California CARB VEEC China NTSEL Japan Korea CH Bafu

3 JRC s Contribution to Emission Legislation Late 90-ties: o First independent vehicle emission laboratory to support policy development Vela 1 inaugurated in 2000 by Commissioner Busquin o Research initially focussed on particulate emissions Critical ambient PM levels in many countries strong political pressure to reduce PM emissions : o LDV: In collaboration with UNECE PMP and Member States, JRC develops a particle number limit to force the use of Diesel Particulate Filters (Euro 5) o HDV: The JRC leads the PEMS Pilot programme with the objective to develop an in-service conformity test procedure based on on-road measurements

4 Particle Number standard: a success story o All new LD and HD on-road diesel engines are equipped with DPFs about 30 million applications with DPFs o Thanks to DPFs PM emissions have been effectively reduced - Post-DPF PN vehicle emissions levels are often lower than in the intake air o New Diesel Technology vs. Old Diesel Health Effect Institute (HEI) report ACES (presentation at Int. Summit US-EPA, EU, Brazil, Canada, Japan April 2016) Dramatic reductions of emissions: 98% in mass; 90%-99% in ultrafine particles Most cancer-causing chemicals now below limits of detection No evidence of lung cancer

5 Development of the RDE Legislation 2005: o Air quality data shows improvements in NO2 concentration lower than expected - Increasing attention on real-driving emissions o The JRC, among the first in the world, starts exploring the use of PEMS to monitor emission of light duty vehicles (Administrative Arrangement DG ENV-JRC signed in August 2005) March 2007: Start of experimental programme with on-road tests on Euro 3 and 4 light-duty vehicles Focus on diesel vehicles due to NO 2 air quality problems SAE Journal publications of first PEMS experiences at JRC in 2007 and 2009

6 Development of the RDE Legislation June 2009: First on-road test of a Euro 5 light-duty vehicle April 2010: End of experimental campaign with a total of 12 Euro 3-5 light-duty diesel and gasoline vehicles tested September 2010: First EC internal discussion (JRC-ENV- ENTR) November 2010: Presentation at the workshop Approach on Emission Legislation with MS and stakeholders 1 st half 2011: Publication of full JRC report

7 Development of the RDE Legislation January 2011: Kick-off meeting of the RDE WG (NOx, CO, CO2) 2011: RDE WG discuss four candidate procedures: Complementary fixed driving cycles Emissions modelling Random driving cycles (ACEA) PEMS on-road testing (JRC) 2011 and 2012: In-depth evaluation of random test cycles and PEMS on-road testing October 2012: Dedicated Task Force of RDE WG proposes PEMS on-road testing as regulatory RDE procedure February 2013: MS represented in the RDE WG decide to develop PEMS on-road testing as regulatory procedure; publication of the JRC report summarizing the assessment of the candidate test procedures Notes on referenced publications: First half of 2011: Publication of summary results as JRC report and peer-reviewed article. Weiss, M., Bonnel, P. Hummel, R., Manfredi, U., Colombo, R., Lanappe, G., Le Lijour, P., Sculati, M. (2011): Analyzing on-road emissions of light-duty vehicles with Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS). JRC Scientific and Technical Reports JRC 62639, EUR EN, Ispra, Italy. Weiss, M., Bonnel, P., Hummel, R., Provenza, A., Manfredi, U. (2011): On-road emissions of light-duty vehicles in Europe. Environmental Science & Technology 45, pp Second half of 2011: First on-road tests of a Euro 6 vehicle at JRC; (Europe-wide first) publication of test results in Weiss, M., Bonnel, P., Provenza, A., Lambrecht, U., Alessandrini, S., Carriero, M., Colombo, R., Forni, F., Kühlwein, J., Lanappe, G., Le Lijour, P., Manfredi, U., Montigny, F., Sculati, M. (2012): Will Euro 6 reduce the NOX emissions of new diesel cars? Preliminary conclusions from on-road emissions tests with Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS). Atmospheric Environment 62, pp First half of 2013: JRC summarised the evaluation of the RDE candidate procedures in a report. Weiss, M., Bonnel, P., Hummel, R., Steininger, N. (2013): A complementary emissions test for light-duty vehicles: Assessing the technical feasibility of candidate procedures. JRC Scientific and Policy Report. Report EUR EN. Ispra, Italy.

8 Development of the RDE Legislation October 2012: Set-up of a dedicated Task Force on the RDE data evaluation - Assessment of three methods: Speed-binning (proposed by TNO) Moving averaging window analysis (proposed by JRC) Power-binning (proposed by TU Graz) : Development and assessment of Moving averaging windows (JRC) and Power-binning (TU Graz) in meetings of the RDE Data Evaluation Task Force; speed binning abandoned June 2014: Establishment of a Drafting Group chaired by JRC to draft the technical specifications (measurement principles, technical requirements, accuracy, ) of PEMS for RDE purposes (1 st package RDE)

9 Development of the RDE Legislation Nov. 2014: Completion of the first of four regulatory RDE packages after some 30 meeting of the RDE working group, 20 meetings of the RDE task force, and 5 meetings of the drafting group (see complementary slides) February 2015: Start of the work on the 2 nd RDE package May 2015: Adoption of 1 st RDE package by the Technical Committee on Motor Vehicles (TCMV) May-Oct. 2015: JRC contributes to the technical analysis of driving dynamicity, elevation gain, PEMS measurement uncertainty; co-drafting of the 2 nd RDE package

10 Development of the RDE Legislation October 2015: Adoption of 2 nd RDE package by TCMV January 2016: Start of the work on the 3 rd RDE package: PN conformity factor and technical specifications for PN-PEMS Provisions for cold-start emissions Testing of (plug-in) hybrid vehicles Provisions for periodically regenerating after-treatment systems June 2016: DG GROW presents first draft proposal to RDE stakeholders; drafting of the regulatory text starts in July 2016 End : Start of the work on the 4 th RDE package specifying provisions for in-service conformity testing and EU market surveillance : Foreseen review of RDE procedure by JRC

11 Development of the RDE Legislation On-road measurement of particle number April 2013: First meeting of the Working Group on mobile particle number measurements (PN-PEMS) Oct.-Dec. 2013: First JRC assessment of the measurement performance of PN-PEMS concluding that the measurement of particle number emissions on the road is technically feasible Nov. Dec. 2014: 2 nd PN-PEMS experimental campaign at JRC concluding that both condensation particle counters and diffusion charging instruments are technically feasible December 2014: Start of the drafting of the technical specifications of PN-PEMS for RDE purposes Sept.2015-Jan 2016: PN-PEMS inter-laboratory comparison exercise coordinated by JRC

12 International collaborations: A long history MoU with: ( ) US-EPA CAL-CARB China VECC Japan NTSEL Korea Collaboration Agreement with US-DOE (Signed:02/06/2016) LoI with Argonne National Laboratory (Signed:2011) MoU with VECC-China (Signed: 30/06/2016)

13 International collaborations: JRC s role United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Chairmanship of the NRMM GTR ( ) Chairmanship of the Particle Measurement Programme (PMP) IWG Chairmanship of the EEPR (harmonization of emission procedures for motorcycles) Essential contribution to WLTP (harmonized test procedure for passenger cars) and other IWGs Key recent and future international events Inauguration of the ANL Interoperability Centre (Chicago, July 2013) Inauguration of the JRC Interoperability Centre with First International Symposium on Interoperability (Ispra, October 2015) 1 st International Summit on Vehicle Emissions Compliance Testing and Enforcement (Ann Arborn, USA, April 2016) 2 nd International Summit on Vehicle Emissions Compliance Testing and Enforcement (Ispra, September 2016)

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