European Emissions Legislation Update

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1 European Emissions Legislation Update by AECC ( MECA International Committee meeting 30 September Agenda - Passenger Cars & Light Duty vehicles - Heavy-duty Engines - Particulate Measurement Protocols - Motorcycles - Non Road Mobile Machinery Engines - Fuel Quality 2 1

2 Light-duty Euro 5 - Current Status European Commission shopping list of LD Euro 5 issues. Detailed Commission questionnaire on LD Euro 5 technologies, performances and costs. Light-duty PMP protocol frozen for inter-lab testing at June 2004 GRPE. Euro 5 validation meetings (Euro 5 validation report not yet disclosed). Commission Staff Working Paper on pre-euro 5 Incentives issued in January 2005: PM= 5mg/km. Draft preliminary Euro 5 proposal published mid July for Stakeholder Consultation. Internet Stakeholder Consultation closed Stakeholder meetings to take place H2/2005 (MVEG tentative date ). 3 Preliminary Draft Euro 5 Proposal for Stakeholder Consultation Main items in the proposal for a new Regulation: 80% reduction in diesel PM emissions from cars. 20% reduction in diesel car NOx emissions. 25% reduction in NOx & HC from gasoline cars. Particulate limit for lean burn DI petrol cars. Intent to introduce PMP mass method and a particle number standard. Extension of the durability period to km. Removal of the Euro 4 exemption for passenger vehicles >2500kg. Implementation date of 18 to 36 months after the entry into force of the regulation. 4 2

3 Preliminary Draft Euro 5 Proposal for Stakeholder Consultation 5 Light-duty Euro 5 - AECC Activities AECC Presentation at kick-off International Conference on Euro 5, December 2003 Full response to Euro 5 Technology and Costs questionnaire Several Meetings with Euro 5 Validation Panel Intense Support for PMP (provision of golden vehicle) AECC Light-duty Test Programme on 4 Euro 4 cars incl. 160k km durability on DPF diesel & full PMP Results disseminated to key-officials from European Commission, EU Member States & to industry and green groups AECC Response to the Euro 5 Proposal based on data from AECC Test programme 6 3

4 Heavy-duty Engines Euro 4/5 limits (2005/2008) Euro 4 entry into force: 1 October 2005/2006; Euro 4 provides additional reductions of 30% in CO, HC and NOx and 80% in particulates over Euro 3: ESC and ELR cycles: g/kwh CO HC NOx Particulates Smoke (m -1 ) Euro ETC cycle: g/kwh CO NMHC NOx CH 4 Particulates Euro Euro 5 confirmed NOx limit of 2.0 g/kwh over ETC and entry into force dates: 1 October 2008/ Heavy-duty Engines - Additional Euro 4 Issues Using a new split-level approach The proposal covers the fundamental elements of: Durability of emission control systems; On-board diagnostics in two stages; In-use conformity checking; Improved particulate mass measuring procedures for Euro 4 (not PMP); Procedures for regenerative particulate filter systems; Multi-setting engines; Off-cycle emissions. Political Part approved in 1st Reading on Awaiting publication with Technical Annexes adopted through CATP 8 4

5 Heavy-duty Engines - Durability Vehicle category N1 N2 N3 16 tonnes N3 > 16 tonnes M2 M3 class I, II, A & B 7.5 tonnes M3 class III & B > 7.5 tonnes Date applicable km or 6 years km or 6 years km or 6 years km or 7 years km or 6 years km or 6 years km or 7 years 9 Heavy-duty Engines - On-board diagnostics Stage I OBD NOx = 7 PM = 0.1 Stage II OBD NOx = 7 PM = 0.1 Date October 2005 October 2008 Content Monitor engine & emission control system against OBD thresholds. Option to monitor emission control system for major functional failure. Monitor engine & emission control system against OBD thresholds. Includes link between engine and chassis systems. 10 5

6 Heavy-duty Engines - PEMS Programme EU program in process; Collaborative effort coordinated by the European Commission DG Enterprise and Joint Research Centre; All ACEA members participating; Instrument manufacturers participating; Initial phase to be completed in Heavy-duty Engines - HD Euro 6 Issues: reduction in NOx beyond 2.0 g/kwh; reduction in PM (mass & nano-pm) and application of measuring procedures for nano-pm; closed crankcase ventilation; introduction of WHDC; increased durability; improved measures on OBD & off-cycle, aligning with GTR? development of diesel and gas engine control and aftertreatment technology and influence of fuel quality; development of WHDC; limits for pollutants currently non-regulated by virtue of introduction of new alternative fuels. 12 6

7 Heavy-duty Euro 6 - Current Status & AECC Activities European Commission HD Euro 6 shopping list. Detailed Commission questionnaire on HD Euro 6 technologies, performances and costs. HD Euro 6 Validation team to be appointed. Heavy Duty PMP protocol and inter-lab testing still under discussion. HD Euro 6 proposal after finalisation of LD Euro 5 proposal (expected early 2006). AECC is considering a HD Euro 6 Test Programme, incl. PMP & WHDC, at AVL or Ricardo to start soon. 13 Particulate Measurement Procedure - PMP Develop type approval test protocol to assess and control nano-particle emissions from Light-duty Vehicles and Heavy-duty Engines (diesel and gasoline) Range 10 to 500nm (WHO and medical experts to guide with respect to health effects) Phase 1 (identification of possible equipment for dilution, sampling and measurement) and Phase 2 (individual test programmes from programme sponsors ) completed PMP mentions 2 possible systems for future regulatory use: Modified 2007PM (gravimetric filter-based mass measurement) CVS + thermo diluter + CPC (number based measurement) Draft LD and HD PMP Protocols published Phase 3: PMP Interlab tests (ongoing for Light-duty). 14 7

8 Light-duty PMP Validation - Preliminary Conclusions Revised mass method capable of repeatable measurements at well below 2.5mg/km Particle number method ~20 times more sensitive than mass DPF diesels emit ~10 11 /km, similar to conventional petrols GDIs emit /km Non-DPF diesels emit ~5x10 13 /km No significant problems with mass or number measurements or equipment during programme Both methods capable of distinguishing between current DPF and non-dpf diesels source: Chris Parkin, UK DfT 15 PMP - Next Steps Completion of Light Duty Validation Exercise by end of 2005 Light Duty Validation Exercise Report early-mid 2006 Consideration for inclusion in Light Duty Euro 5 standards Heavy Duty Engine Validation Exercise starting early-mid 2006 source: Chris Parkin, UK DfT 16 8

9 Motorcycle Emissions 2002/51/EC Euro 3 legislation Newly developed WMTC procedure (linked to GRPE work) added for 2006 and initial correlated limits proposed. Commission Proposal also on Euro 3 stage for mopeds from 2006, 3 & 4 wheelers, 2-stroke particulate/hc, durability, impact assessment study, in-service conformity, CO 2 measurement from 2006, particulate emissions from diesel engines, OBD, evaporative emission control, replacement components, etc; AECC Response based on data from 2004 MC programme. MVEG Motorcycle working group discussed 1st proposal & comments from Stakeholders on step or sort of Split-Level approach. Discussions to continue at next MVEG. 17 Motorcycle Emissions - New Proposal Ref to GTR n 2 (WMTC) Values under discussion Mopeds: no change in limits but 30% cold test 18 9

10 Non Road Mobile Machinery Emissions Directive 2004/26/EC published with corrigenda: Adds railcars (2 stages), locomotives (2 stages), inland waterway vessels (1 stage) to scope. 1 stage for constant speed engines. Up to 3 stages for other engines (IIIA, IIIB, IV). Implementation starts till Non Road Transient Cycle (NRTC) for particulate emissions in stages IIIB and IV. Excludes replacement engines except railcars, locomotives and inland waterway vessels. Reconvened NRMM group will meet to start Technology Review by end Non Road Mobile Machinery Emissions CI Engines Type Emissions limits (g/kwh) EU dates Stage Net Power, Swept Volume CO HC NO x PM Type approval Placing on the market # Engines other than constant speed engines 130kW P 560kW H IIIA 75kW P 130kW I 56kW P 75kW J 37kW P 56kW 19kW P 37kW K 5.5 IIIB 130kW P 560kW L 75kW P 130kW M 56kW P 75kW N 37kW P 56kW P 19kW P 37kW IV 130kW P 560kW Q 75kW P 130kW R 56kW P 75kW 37kW P 56kW 19kW P 37kW /07/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /10/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /10/2014 Constant speed engines IIIA 130kW P 560kW 75kW P 130kW 56kW P 75kW 37kW P 56kW 19kW P 37kW H I J K /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/

11 Non Road Mobile Machinery Emissions Propulsion engines used in Inland waterway vessels IIIA SV<0.9 litres/cyl. AND P 37kW V1:1 5 SV<15 l/cyl. 15 SV <20 l/cyl AND P<3300kW 15 SV<20 AND P 3300 kw V2:1 V2:2 V2:3 20 SV< 25 l/cyl. V2:4 25 SV< 30 l/cyl. V2:5 Propulsion engines used in Railcars IIIA P>130kW RC A SV<1.2 l/cyl. V1: /07/ /01/ SV<2.5 l/cy. Ω V1: /07/ /01/ SV<5 l/cyl. V1: /01/ /01/ /07/ /01/ /01/2006 IIIB P>130kW RC B /01/2012 Propulsion engines used in Locomotives IIIA 130kW P 560kW RL A /01/ /01/2007 P>560 kw RH A P>2000kW AND SV>5 l/cyl. RH A IIIB P>130kW R B 01/01/ NRMM Emissions - Review by end 2007 re-assess non-road emission inventory estimates; consider available technology to confirm Stage IIIB and IV limits; evaluate need for "flexibilities, exemptions or later introduction ; evaluate test cycles for engines in railcars and locomotives; evaluate the cost-benefit of further limit reductions for locomotives in view of the application of NOx after-treatment technology; consider need for a further stage for inland waterway vessels taking into account the technical and economic feasibility of secondary abatement options in this application ; consider need for emission limits for engines <19 kw & >560 kw; consider availability of fuels for Stage IIIB and IV technologies; consider revising not-to-exceed requirements; assess need for an "in-use compliance" system; consider rules to prevent 'cycle beating' and cycle by-pass

12 Fuel Quality Directive 2003/17/EC amending Directive 98/70/EC. Sulphur-free fuels (less than 10 ppm S): Phased Introduction starting no later 1 January 2005; Complete switch no later 1 January No change to non-sulphur parameters: Except those already decided for 2005 (aromatics in gasoline); No change in limits on use of ethers (as MTBE) in petrol. Uniform fuel quality monitoring: Reference to new CEN standard; Guidance on availability on an appropriately balanced geographical basis ; Member States to introduce penalties and fines for noncompliance

13 Fuel Quality Directive - Review Process Commission (DG Environment) Review by Overall objective: review the fuel specifications of Annexes III and IV with the exception of sulphur content. Targets: future requirements of Community vehicle emissions and air quality legislation and related objectives Proposal on captive fleets and the special fuels they are using; Proposals of specifications applicable to liquid petroleum gas, natural gas and bio fuels. 2 Meeting held in DG JRC coordinating review. Next Fuel Quality Review meeting Fuel Quality Directive - Review Detail End date for full introduction of 10 ppm diesel; Implication of PAH air quality standards; Outcome of review on SO 2, NOx, PM and Pb (1999/30/EC); Progress towards CO 2 Community target; Outcome of review on vehicle emission limit values (1999/96/EC and 88/77/EC); Functioning of pollution abatement technologies and the impact of metallic additives ( no-harm test procedure); Introduction of alternative fuels, including bio fuels; Need to modify fuel specifications for conventional and alternative fuels and their blends; Alignment of appropriate fuel quality requirements for nonroad applications with on-road requirements (97/68/EC)

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