Remote Sensing: Measuring Emissions From Cars As They Drive By

Transcription

1 Remote Sensing: Measuring Emissions From Cars As They Drive By Herbert Woopen EU Representative OPUS 21st Eco Innovation Forum Sofia 06 February 2018

2 ABOUT OPUS REMOTE SENSING ANALYSIS AND CONSULTANCY IN SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY THROUGH REMOTE MEASUREMENT OF EMISSIONS Opus Group performs 30 million vehicle inspections per year, employs 1,900 staff on 4 continents, market leader Sweden and US. Group HQ in Gothenburg (Sweden), quoted on the Stockholm Stock Exchange (NASDAQ OMX Stockholm Mid Cap ISIN SE Ticker Code Opus). Operational hub for the European operations of the OPUS Remote Sensing Division is based in Madrid (Spain) with European scope. The only ISO17025 certified laboratory for the remote measurement of the real emissions of road traffic. In Madrid more than 10 years of experience in remote sensing technology. 2

3 ABOUT OPUS RSE SOME PROJECTS IN ,5 months 2 Years 100k valid records Pilot project + 100K valid records Very detailed analysis Continuous measurement in Madrid and Graz London 9 days Awareness campaign 3

4 RSD TECHNOLOGY REMOTE AND INSTANT MEASUREMENT 1 Vehicle s speed & accel. 2 SDM/CCM 3 Digital camera System deployed in 1 box 4 Data processing 5 Emissions Traffic Light (Good, Poor, Bad) Overall process takes less than 1 second 4

5 RSD TECHNOLOGY REAL TIME CONTROL SOFTWARE Session statistics Speed Acceleration VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) Emissions Emission profile: Last record: picture + data Low/ Medium/ High Previous records Weather conditions 5

6 RSD TECHNOLOGY UNDERSTANDING AIR POLLUTION FROM ON-ROAD VEHICLES No interference with on-road traffic Real instantaneous road-side measurement at the tailpipe A technology capable of measuring the whole fleet Portable equipment à on-road inspections Understand Air Quality differences and apply smart actions to improve air quality 6

7 RSD TECHNOLOGY VALIDATED, CERTIFIED AND RELIABLE TECHNOLOGY Periodic audits and calibrations of total equipment. RSDs vs Portable Emission Systems (PEMS) RSD vs PEMs in summer 2017 RSD Instrumentation measurement performance verified under real-world conditions. It exhibited excellent correlation with the references for CO and NO, within wide ranges 7

8 RSD LEGAL FRAME IN EUROPE THE EUROPEAN UNION RECOMMENDS THE USE OF RSD 28th September 2017 European Parliament How to prevent the next Dieselgate Type Approval Regulation national authorities and... Commission consider... (Trialogue Dec. 2017) selection of vehicles... based on an appropriate risk Rec. 24 assessment which takes account of... remote sensing... and Art. 9 take account... reports from on-road remote sensing. 42 to establish an EU-wide Remote Sensing Network. EP Inquiry Committee (EMIS) Recommendation screening... in-service fleet... recommend.. as most Commission Notice of cost-effective: Remote Sensing Devices conclusive C(2017)352 final - for the detection information is obtained once a sufficient number of of Defeat Devices (p. 10) vehicles of the same type are found to be high emitters 8

9 RSD APPLICATIONS 1. Market Surveillance 2. Characterization of fleets 3. Identification of High Emitters 4. Awareness Campaigns Improve air quality Avoid cheating of manufacturers Monitor real driving emissions 9

10 RSD APPLICATIONS 1 - MARKET SURVEILLANCE Type Approval Static/Dyna tests PEMs Very specific on-board tests for 1 vehicle REMOTE SENSING Monitor real emissions during the life cycle of vehicles Whole fleet analysis in real-time Identify cheaters or High emitters 10

11 RSD APPLICATIONS 2 - CHARACTERIZATION OF FLEETS Emissions by vehicle brand Emissions by fuel type Emissions by location Emissions by day and time Emissions by 11

12 RSD APPLICATIONS 3 - IDENTIFICATION OF HIGH EMITTERS (HE) SAVINGS DIRECT Fuel Consumption INDIRECT Health OPPORTUNITY Find: Broken vehicles Disabled emission controls Frauds Development Of Efficient Policies Cleanness Energy 12

13 RSD APPLICATIONS 4 - AWARENESS CAMPAIGNS Drivers can know instantaneously their level of pollution. These actions arouse curiosity and offer the opportunity to modify driving behaviors. 13

14 SOFIA GREEN PILOT CAMPAIGN IN SEPTEMBER

15 SOFIA GREEN PILOT CAMPAIGN IN SEPTEMBER 2017 Site 1 Boulevard Bulgaria 3,5 days 15

16 SOFIA GREEN PILOT CAMPAIGN IN SEPTEMBER 2017 Site 2 Hristo Smirnenski 2 days 16

17 SOFIA GREEN PILOT CAMPAIGN IN SEPTEMBER 2017 Site 3 Eminescu to Tzarigradsko 1 day 17

18 SOFIA GREEN PILOT CAMPAIGN IN SEPTEMBER 2017 Site 4 Yavorov to Tzarigradsko 2,5 days 18

19 SOFIA GREEN PILOT CAMPAIGN IN SEPTEMBER Days 32,000 records 21,000 valid records 17,600 valid & unique vehicles 19

20 SOFIA GREEN PILOT CAMPAIGN IN SEPTEMBER 2017 SOFIA WESTERN EUROPE DIESEL 51% GASOLINE 41% DIESEL 70% GASOLINE 30% Average Fleet age: 11 years Average Fleet age: 8 years 20

21 SOFIA GREEN PILOT CAMPAIGN IN SEPTEMBER 2017 Average emissions of passenger cars (mol/mol CO 2 ) (10-4 mol/mol CO 2 ) (10-4 mol/mol CO 2 ) (% opacity measuring the smallest particles, e.g. no tyre dust) 21

22 SOFIA GREEN PILOT CAMPAIGN IN SEPTEMBER 2017 Gasoline Passenger Cars Against Gasoline Euro-Standard Limits CO HC (mol/mol CO 2 ) (10-4 mol/mol CO 2 ) NOx (10-4 mol/mol CO 2 ) PM (% opacity measuring the smallest particles, e.g. no tyre dust) 22

23 SOFIA GREEN PILOT CAMPAIGN IN SEPTEMBER 2017 Diesel Passenger Cars Against Euro-Standard Diesel Limits CO HC (mol/mol CO 2 ) (10-4 mol/mol CO 2 ) NOx (10-4 mol/mol CO 2 ) PM (% opacity measuring the smallest particles, e.g. no tyre dust) 23

24 6.5% of the vehicles (0.53% HEs for more than one pollutant) SOFIA GREEN PILOT CAMPAIGN IN SEPTEMBER 2017 High Emitters (HEs) Few vehicles contribute a large part of total pollution! CO HC NOx PM 24.1% 21.1% 20.2% 23.7% of total emissions* Ø 3.75% NOx Ø 1.38% PM Ø 1.21% HC Ø 0.69% CO à M1, Gasoline, Euro 2 à M1, Gasoline, Euro 3 à M1, Gasoline, Euro 2 à M1, Gasoline, Euro 2 and Euro 1 * Two assumptions: 1. Vehicle emission rates are based on RSD measurements, and 2. All vehicles are assumed to have equal on-road activity (i.e. kms travelled) 24

25 SOFIA GREEN PILOT CAMPAIGN IN SEPTEMBER 2017 Sofia High Emitters Western Europe 25

26 SOFIA GREEN PILOT CAMPAIGN IN SEPTEMBER 2017 Conclusions and next steps 1. 9 days are not enough for a real characterization: à Several months are needed, many different locations 2. Interesting findings on gasoline vehicles à Focus on them! à Focus on NOx of old vehicles! 3. RSD can detect cheating cars in Bulgaria 26

27 THANK YOU 27

28 TECHNICAL ANNEX 28

29 Gas Analyzer Source Detector Module (SDM) Corner Cube Mirror (CCM) SDM is sealed against the environment. It emits UV/IR towards the CCM. CCM returns the beams back to the SDM. RSD COMPONENTS Kinetic Conditions 3 lasers detect the passage of the vehicles and determine their speed and acceleration. High-speed video Camera It captures a digitized picture of the rear of the vehicle. The registration data of the vehicle are associated with its emission values and the technical specifications of the vehicle (fuel, age, type...) Weather Station Temperature, pressure and relative humidity Smart Sign Panels for awareness campaigns 29

30 CALCULATION OF EMISSION VALUES RSD MEASURES THE PROPORTION OF POLLUTANT TO CO 2 EMISSION VALUES ARE OBTAINED IN UNITS RELEVANT TO USERS (g/l g/kwh) Combustion Mass Balance Fuel sales Ratios RSD g/l g/kwh g/km Tons of emissions Dens. /Efic. Fuel Consumption (l/100km) Activity (Km / year) 30

31 ISO ACCREDITATION OVERVIEW INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION OF LABORATORY COMPETENCE Laboratory competent for the measurement of gaseous pollutants originated by diffuse and mobile sources. The results reports are done with the seal of / ISO (National Entity of Accreditation), certifying the following: ü Accuracy and reliability of data. ü Comprehensive traceability throughout the entire process. ü Validity and international recognition of RSD methodology. The content of ISO can be grouped into two large blocks: o General Quality Control: Equivalent to ISO o Technical and metrological control of all instruments used for measurement: validation of methodology, calibration, inter-comparisons, among others. 31

32 ISO ACCREDITATION METHODOLOGY VALIDATION THE RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENTS EMPIRICALLY SUPPORT THE VALIDITY OF THE METHODOLOGY FOR AN ACCURACY OF 10% Valid method for wide range of weather conditions. Width of the road between 3.0 and 7.0 m. Background values do not alter measurements of vehicle emissions. Valid for consecutive vehicles at only 1.0 second intervals. Certified gas bottles for validation of the calibration accuracy (top image) and analysis of the measurement precision of the method for the upper and lower quantification limits of each gas (right). CO/CO 2 HC/CO 2 NO/CO 2 Range Calibr. Accuracy (%) Meas. Precision (%) Range Calibr. Accuracy (%) Meas. Precision (%) Range Calibr. Accuracy (%) Meas. Precision (%)

33 ISO ACCREDITATION COMPARISONS PEMS & LAB THE RESULTS OF THE TESTS ARE PERIODICALLY EVALUATED AND COMPARED WITH THOSE OF OTHER LABORATORIES OPUS RSE compared the measurements obtained by the RSDs with Portable Emission Systems (PEMS) of CIEMAT-INTA-INSIA and with the laboratory LIR of UC3M University. A high degree of correlation (85-90%) was obtained between RSD and PEMS. Nissan NO/CO2 Nissan CO/CO y = x R² = y = x R² = RSD RSD RSD NOCO2 0.1 RSD COCO OBS (Datos CIEMAT, en laboratorios INSIA y pistas INTA, 2011) OBS 33

34 ISO ACCREDITATION BENEFITS THIS CERTIFICATION OFFERS A SOLID BASE FOR THE USE OF CAPTURED DATA Accurate definition of the test method: o QA o Weather control Reliability of measures: o Certainty known o Traceability First ISO-recognized international laboratory for measuring remote emissions with RSD technology. Flexibility and versatility of the method: o We can measure other polluting gases as technology advances o Adaptable technology to future emissions regulations 34

35 SOFIA GREEN PILOT CAMPAIGN IN SEPTEMBER 2017 Av. CO/CO 2 Av. HC/CO 2 Av. NO/CO 2 Av. PM 35