Vehicle Testing& Homologation
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- Myron Cummings
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1 Section 2 Vehicle Testing& Homologation (Automotive Type Approval) At first, you need to think What is your product? (vehicle? Lamp? Audio?) Where is the target market? (Europe? USA? - - -) How is your schedule? (planning design production evaluation homologation) and dthen, you need... 1
2 Legal requirement? Each area has legal requirement Europe : EC Directives ECE Regulations CE Marking National Regulations USA : FMVSS, CMVSS Australia : ADR China: CCC Japan: J p TRIAS Etc. World Automotive standards SASO GCC SNI 2
3 European s Requirements EU European Union European Community Brussels Geneva UN United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Market which EC directives / ECE regulations covers EC Directive: 27 EU countries ECE regulation: 48 countries (max.) 3
4 Complete development projects Testing is led by vehicle functionalities and performance Main Vehicle Functionalities Passive Safety Active Safety Environment Comfort Reliability 6/18 4
5 Passive Safety Structural analysis / Restraint system integration / Occupant protection / Pedestrian protection 7/18 Active Safety Advanced chassis evaluation techniques / Chassis tuning & system development / Brake system development 8/18 5
6 Power train Integration / Engine calibration / CNG conversion / Alternative fuels / Anti-pollution systems 9/18 NVH Interior noise tuning / Noise and vibration releases / Exterior noise / Vibration fatigue 10/18 6
7 Comfort HVAC system development and validation / Thermal comfort 11/18 Reliability Structural, Powertrain and general vehicle durability, road characterization and fleet validation 12/18 7
8 EC Directives for Passenger Car Sound level 70/157/EEC Emissions 70/220/EEC Fuel tanks 70/221/EEC Registration plate 70/222/EEC Steering effort 70/311/EEC Door latch./hinges 70/387/EEC Audible warning70/388/eec Rear visibility 71/127/EEC Masses/dimens.92/21/EEC Safety glass 92/22/EEC Tyres 92/23/EEC Couplings 94/20/EEC Front impact 96/79/EC Side impact 96/27/EC EC Whole Vehicle Type Approval 2007/46/EEC Fog lamps 76/762/EEC Towing hooks 77/389/EEC Fog lamps 77/538/EEC Mack-up lamps 77/539/EEC Lamps parking 77/540/EEC Seat belts 77/541/EEC Forward vision 77/649/EEC Instrument identif. 78/316/EEC Braking devices 71/320/EEC Defrost/demist 78/317/EEC Suppression radio 72/245/EEC Diesel smoke 72/306/EEC Interior fittings 74/60/EEC Anti-theft devices74/61/eec Protective steering 74/297/EEC Seat anchorages 74/408/EEC Exterior projection 74/483/EEC Speedometer 75/443/EEC Statutory plates 76/114/EEC Seat-belt anch. 76/115/EEC Lighting install. 76/756/EEC Retro-reflectors 76/757/EEC Lamp(side,rear)76/758EEC Direction indic. 76/759/EEC Reg.plate(light) 76/760/EEC Headlamps 76/761/EEC Wiper/washer 78/318/EEC Heating system 78/548/EEC Wheel guards 78/549/EEC Head restraints 78/932/EEC Fuel consumption80/1268/eec Engine power 80/1269/EEC Emissions diesel 88/77/EEC European Directives applicable to M2 / M3 vehicles 8
9 European Directives applicable to N1 / N2 vehicles European Directives applicable to N2 / N3 vehicles 9
10 EC/ECE component approval(e/e - mark) Certain functions of the vehicle subject to official Type Approval require the previous homologation of the component: Lighting Coupling devices Rear View Mirrors Horn Seats and Seats Belts Non metallic materials Rear and front bumpers Electronic components Safety Glasses Tyres Brake pad EC/ECE component approval(e/e - mark) Seat belts Rear-view Mirrors Tires Brake Pads Lamps and Bulbs 10
11 EC/ECE Separate Technical Unit (e/e - mark) Seat Horns safety belt Car Audio & Navigation The samples of vehicle testing 11
12 Transmission Emission Test for Heavy duty Passed by Noise Crash test 12
13 Tire testing Wet Grip Tires Passenger Car tire Commercial Car Wheeled (ECE R30) tire (ECE R54) Agricultural or Forestry Tractors tire (ECE R106) 13
14 ATV s tire Retread tire (ECE R75 or R30) ECE-R108 Depend on the ECE-R109 speed of ATV Tires testing Dimensions Section width S = S 1 + K(A-A 1 ) K = 0.4 tire outer diameter D= d+2h H = (D-d)/
15 Tires testing Camber angle -5 to 5 (dynamically adjustable) Load /speed test Endurance test Lamp testing Low beam headlamps Need a light-dark cutoff in light pattern. Dark above/ bright below 15
16 Lamp testing Measuring points on the road Measuring field for headlamps Lamp testing Light intensity test field for signaling devices 16
17 Lamp testing light intensity test field, category 5 and 6 Emission The pollutants are concerned and measure -Carbon monoxide (CO) - Hydrocarbons (HCs) -Nitrogen oxides (NOx) - Particulates matter (PM) Chassis Dynamometer Emission test 17
18 Emission Gasoline (Positive ignition ): Type I : verifying the average exhaust emissions after a cold start Type II : carbon monoxide emission at idling speed Type III : emission of crankcase gases Type IV : evaporation emissions Type V : durability of anti-pollution devices Type VI : verifying the average low ambient temperature carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon exhaust emissions after a cold start Diesel (Compression ignition engine ): Type I : verifying the average exhaust emissions after a cold start Type IV : evaporation emissions Test Cycle for type I 18
19 Limit of Type I: Emission Test 19
20 Safety Belt Buckle (ห วเข มข ด) Strap (สายคาด) reactor (อปกรณ ด งกล บ) (อ ปกรณดงกลบ) ท มา: Strap: -Tensile strength before test 1470 dan - Tensile strength after test 1470 dan - Tensile after scratch test 70% before scratch Crash test for safety belt: -Speed 50±1 km/h - Distance: 40±5 cm -Measure: - Chest acceleration for 300 mm after crashed. - Not damages and crack 60 - Buckle release force dan n 20
21 Motorcycle Testing EC Directives for motorcycle Framework directive 2002/24/EEC 93/29/EEC Controls 97/24/EC 4. Rear-View Mirrors 93/32/EEC Hand-holds 97/24/EC 6. Fuel Tanks 93/92/EEC Installation Lighting 97/24/EC 2. Lighting 93/33/EEC Protective Device 93/94/EEC Registration Plate 93/30/EEC Audible Warning 97/24/EC 5. Pollution 97/24/EC 9. Sound Level 93/14/EEC Braking 97/24/EC 1. Tyres 97/24/EC 7. Counter Tampering 97/24/EC 3. Ext. Projections 93/31/EEC Stands 93/34/EEC Statutory Markings 95/1/EC Max. Speed, Torque, Power 97/24/EC 8. Electromagnetic Compatibility 97/24/EC Couplings, Safety Belts, Windscreen 93/93/EEC Masses and Dimensions 21
22 Low Performance Mopeds Homologation 2002/24/EC amended by 2003/77/EC type approval 93/14/EEC brake 93/29/EEC amended by 2000/74/EC tell tales 93/30/EEC horn 93/31/EEC amended by 2000/72/EC stand 93/32/EEC amended by 1999/24/EC hand hold 93/33/EEC amended by 1999/23/EC anti theft 93/34/EEC amended by 1999/25/EC statutory mark 93/92/EEC amended by 2000/73/EC light installation Low Performance Mopeds Homologation 93/93/EEC amended by 2004/86/EC mass & dimension 93/94/EEC amended by 1999/26/EC rear registration plate 95/1/EC amended d by 2002/41/EC max. engine power, torque and max. speed 97/24/EC amended by 2003/77/EC Chapter 1 tire Chapter 2 bulb and lamp Chapter 3 external projection Chapter 4 mirror Chapter 5 emission Chapter 6 tank 22
23 Low Performance Mopeds Homologation Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 anti-tampering EMC / EMI noise coupling device safety belts windscreen 2000/7/EC speedometer Q&A 23
24 Thank you very much for your attention. 24
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