Telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu turu hindade analüüs. Sisukord. 1. Eesmärk ja ulatus. 2. Võimalikud konkurentsiprobleemid. Lisa 1
|
|
|
- Christopher French
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Konkurentsiameti 31. märtsi aasta Era- ja äriklientidele kindlaks määratud asukohas telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu turul märkimisväärse turujõuga ettevõtjaks tunnistamise otsuse Lisa 1 Telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu turu hindade analüüs Sisukord 1. Eesmärk ja ulatus Võimalikud konkurentsiprobleemid Telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu turu hindade võrdlus Euroopa keskmine telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu hind Telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu jaeturu hinnad võrreldes vaskpaarile juurdepääsu hulgituru hindadega Järeldus Eesmärk ja ulatus Käesoleva hindade analüüsi eesmärgiks on hinnata ettevõtja märkimisväärsest turujõust tulenevate ja hinnakujundusega seonduvate konkurentsiprobleemide esinemist telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu turul ning leida vastavate konkurentsiprobleemide vältimiseks mõistlikud, otstarbekohased ning proportsionaalsed hinnakontrolli kohustused. Läbiviidud turuanalüüsist (vt otsuse peatükk 4) järeldub, et i turuosa ja infrastruktuuri ulatusega sarnast sidevõrku ei oma ükski teine turuanalüüsi kaasatud sideettevõtja ning selline situatsioon püsib ka lähema kolme aasta perspektiivis. Seetõttu ei avalda teised sideettevõtjad ei nimetatud perioodil olulist konkurentsisurvet telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu turul. Võttes arvesse eeltoodut, käsitletakse käesolevas analüüsis ainult i hinnakujundusega seonduvaid konkurentsiprobleeme. Selleks, et analüüsida i hinnakujundusega seotud konkurentsiprobleeme viiakse analüüsitaval turul käesoleva hindade analüüsis läbi järgmised hinnavõrdlused: 1) i hindade võrdlus teiste analüüsitava jaeturul tegutsevate sideettevõtjatega; 2) i hindade võrdluse vastava turu Euroopa keskmiste hindadega; 3) i hindade võrdlus vastava turuga ülespoole seotud hulgituru hindadega. 2. Võimalikud konkurentsiprobleemid Analüüsitava jaeturuga seoses võib hinnakujunduse peamiseks konkurentsiprobleemiks kujuneda ülemäärane hinnakujundus, röövellik hinnakujundus ja ristsubsideerimine 1. Ülemäärane hinnakujundus ilmneb analüüsitaval jaeturul, kui MTE rakendab oluliselt kõrgemaid hindasid, kui oleks võimalik rakendada efektiivse konkurentsiga toimival sideturul. Eelkõige on ülemäärase hinnakujunduse korral MTE rakendatavad hinnad 1 ERG Common Position on the approach to Appropriate remedies in the ECNS regulatory framework punktid ; ja
2 kõrgemad teiste samal turul tegutsevatest sideettevõtjate hindadest. Ülemäärase hinnakujunduse võimalikuks tagajärjeks on negatiivsed tagajärjed heaolule (negative welfare effects), sh ebaefektiivne ressursside paigutus (allocative inefficiencies). Röövellik hinnakujundus ilmneb analüüsitaval jaeturul, kui turguvalitsev ettevõtja osutab teenust määratud aja jooksul alla omahinna, eesmärgiga tõkestada turule sisenemist või sundida rivaali äritegevust lõpetama, mis võimaldaks turgu valitseval ettevõtjal veelgi suurendada oma turujõudu vastaval turul. Vastavalt majandusanalüüsile iseloomustavad röövellikku hinnakujundust järgmised omadused: a) nõutav jaehind on kuludest madalam, b) konkurendid tõrjutakse turult välja ning c) ettevõtja suudab oma kahjud hiljem tänu suurenenud turujõule hüvitada. Seega saavad teenuse kasutajad madalatest hindadest lühiajalist kasu, kuid kaotavad pikemas perspektiivis konkurentsi kõrvaldamise tõttu. Röövelliku hinnakujunduse võimalikeks tagajärgedeks on konkurentide müügi piiramine ja analüüsitavalt jaeturult välja tõrjumine. Ristsubsideerimine ilmneb analüüsitaval jaeturul, kui MTE poolt rakendatakse analüüsitaval jaeturul kuludest kõrgemat (ülemäärast) hinda ning mõnel muul sideturul kuludest madalamat hinda (kuludest madalama hinna rakendamine on käsitatav ka röövelliku hinnakujundusena). Ristsubsideerimine võimalikuks tagajärgedeks on mõnel muul sideturul (mitte analüüsitaval jaeturul) konkurentide müügi piiramine ja turult väljatõrjumine. Konkurentsi - probleemid Konkurentsiprobleemi tunnused Hind analüüsitaval jaeturul Ülemäärane hinnakujundus Ülemäärane - Röövellik hinnakujundus Alla kulude - Hind mõnel muul sideturul Rist - subsideerimine Ülemäärane Alla kulude Tabel 1. Konkurentsiprobleemid ja selle tagajärjed. 3. Telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu turu hindade võrdlus Konkurentsiprobleemide tagajärjed Negatiivsed tagajärjed heaolule, sh ebaefektiivne ressursside paigutus Analüüsitaval jaeturul konkurentide müügi piiramine ja turult välja tõrjumine Mõnel muul sideturul konkurentide müügi piiramine ja turult välja tõrjumine Konkurentsiamet peab otstarbekas võrrelda ainult viie suurima telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu teenuse osutaja hindasid, kuna teiste sideettevõtjate osakaal analüüsitaval turul on marginaalne. Vastavalt käesoleva otsuse punktile on telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu teenuste käivete alusel viis kõige suurema osakaaluga sideettevõtjat:, Starman, STV, Elisa ja Televõrgu. Järgnevalt vaatleme nimetatud sideettevõtjate telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu teenuste kõige madalamaid kuutasusid era- ja äriklientidele koos liitumistasudega. Võrreldavate kuutasude arvestamisel jagatakse liitumistasu 36-ga 2 ning see liidetakse kuutasuga. 2 Liitumistasude jaotamisel kuutasudele on võetud eelduseks, et liitumistasu teenitakse tagasi keskmiselt kolme aasta jooksul. 2
3 Kuutasu kr km-ta Liitumistasu kr km-ta Kuutasu + liitumistasu/36 kr km-ta Teenuse osutaja (Säästupakett - analoog) 40,83 698,31 60,22 (Kodupakett - digitaal) 82,50 698,31 101,90 Starman* 3 (MIKRO telefon) 15,83 0,00 15,83 STV* 4 pakett Econom 24,17 0,00 24,17 Elisa*** Traadivaba kodutelefon 81,67 0,00 81,67 Elisa** 5 (VoIP telefon) 295,83 825,00 318,75 Televõrgu AS telefon 123, ,00 159,11 Tabel 2. Eraklientidele telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu turu kuu- ja liitumistasu tulud kuus (kr). Teenuse osutaja Kuutasu kr. km-ta Liitumistasu kr. km-ta Kuutasu + liitumistasu/36 kr. km-ta (Kodupakett - analoog) 79,17 698,31 98,57 (Äripakett-digitaal) 101,69 698,31 121,09 Starman* 6 (KODU telefon) 49,17 0,00 49,17 STV* 7 telefon 83,33 0,00 83,33 Elisa** 8 Kontoritelefon (VoIP) 415,25 415,25 426,78 Elisa*** Traadivaba kodutelefon 100,00 0,00 100,00 Televõrgu AS telefon 123, ,00 159,11 Tabel 3. Äriklientidele telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu turu kuu- ja liitumistasu tulud kuus (kr). * Koksiaalkaabel kliendiliinid. ** ISDN ja xdsl kliendiliinid. *** Fix-GSM (telefoniteenust läbi mobiilsidevõrgu). Eeltoodud tabelitest nähtub, et viie suurima käibega sideettevõtja telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu kuutasud eraklientidele jäävad vahemikku 15,83 kuni 318,75 krooni ja äriklientidele 49,17 3 Kaabel- või digitv teenuse puudumisel lisandub võrguhooldustasu kus kaabelmodem on hinna sees km-ga: korterelamus võrguga liitumise tasu kord 0 kr, võrguhooldus kuutasu 50 kr; eramaja võrguga liitumise tasu kord kr, võrguhooldus kuutasu 100 kr; mitteeluruumi võrguga liitumise tasu kord 150 kr, võrguhooldus kuutasu 150 kr; Tallinna vanalinnas võrguga liitumise tasu kord 490 kr, võrguhooldus kuutasu 50 kr. 4 Võrgu olemasolul ja kui ei ole STV kaabel TV teenuste kasutaja lisandub telefoni teenuse ühendamisel kaabelmodemile võrgu teenustasu 83,33 krooni kuus. 5 Kodutelefon on lisateenus ja eeldab Elisa paketi Kodu Internet 5 olemasolu. 6 Kaabel- või digitv teenuse puudumisel lisandub võrguhooldustasu (kaabelmodem on hinna sees km-ga): korterelamus võrguga liitumise tasu kord 0 kr, võrguhooldus kuutasu 50 kr; eramaja võrguga liitumise tasu kord kr, võrguhooldus kuutasu 100 kr; mitteeluruumi võrguga liitumise tasu kord 150 kr, võrguhooldus kuutasu 150 kr; Tallinna vanalinnas võrguga liitumise tasu kord 490 kr, võrguhooldus kuutasu 50 kr. 7 Võrgu olemasolul ja kui ei ole STV kaabel TV teenuste kasutaja lisandub telefoni teenuse ühendamisel kaabelmodemile võrgu teenustasu 83,33 krooni kuus. 8 Kontoritelefon (pakutakse ainult Tallinnas) on lisateenus Elisa Kontori Internetile. Lisandub aparaadi soetus. 3
4 BE BG CZ DK DE EE EL ES FR IE IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SK SI FI SE UK USA JP Kuutasude hinnad kroonides käibemaksuga 110,31 110,31 97,79 97,79 76,98 76,98 102,95 102,95 92,47 93,72 145,20 128,46 151,93 151,93 128,93 128,93 182,91 173,99 160,06 170,08 273,82 287,90 261,14 261,14 271,00 281,48 256,13 256,13 243,77 253,63 227,97 227,97 213,73 197,77 197,77 230,94 230,94 216,24 216,24 218,27 218,27 218,43 208,57 250,66 250,03 250,03 239,71 237,67 234,39 231,57 287,90 287,90 297,29 281,64 396,80 396,80 kuni 426,78 krooni. Sealjuures on kõige kõrgemad kuutasud erakliendile ja äriklientidele Elisal (vastavalt 81,67 ja 318,75 krooni ning 100,00 ja 426,78 krooni). Eeltoodust tuleneb, et ei kasuta oma märkimisväärset turuosa ülemääraste telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu hindade rakendamiseks. 4. Euroopa keskmine telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu hind Käesolevas punktis võrdleb Konkurentsiamet i keskmisi telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu hindasid teiste Euroopa telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu turul märkimisväärset turuosa omavate sideettevõtjate (incumbent) vastavate hindadega ja aasta septembris, mis pärinevad Euroopa Komisjoni koostatud Euroopa ühtse elektroonilise sideturu aasta raportist 9. Eraklientidele fikseeritud võrkudest tehtavate riigisiseste hindade võrdlus Euroopas 450,00 400,00 350,00 300,00 250,00 200,00 150,00 100,00 50,00 0,00 Joonis 1. Kuutasud eraklientidele aastal 10. Riigid September 2007 September 2008 EU 27 september x_en.htm ort/annex2.pdf lk 68. 4
5 BE BG CZ DK DE EE EL ES FR IE IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SK SI FI SE UK USA JP Kuutasude hinnad kroonides käibemaksuta 101,55 101,55 106,24 106,24 143,95 143,95 130,34 130,34 194,02 194,02 226,25 237,98 216,86 225,31 215,30 215,30 210,13 218,58 210,92 183,22 174,46 174,46 156,47 156,47 152,40 145,04 158,03 158,03 179,00 179,00 204,19 206,54 183,53 197,77 234,70 278,51 217,96 238,77 242,99 225,31 225,31 245,03 222,81 320,29 320,29 295,72 272,56 285,39 327,95 327,95 313,24 315,90 341,10 352,05 389,91 534,64 Äriklientidele fikseeritud võrkudest tehtavate riigisiseste hindade võrdlus Euroopas 600,00 500,00 400,00 300,00 200,00 100,00 0,00 Joonis 2. Kuutasud äriklientidele aastal 11. Riigid September 2007 September 2008 EU 27 september 2008 Eeltoodud joonistest nähtub, et Euroopa telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu turul märkimisväärset turuosa omavate sideettevõtjate keskmine telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu hind aasta septembri seisuga oli 230,01 kr eraklientidele ja 245,65 kr äriklientidele. i vastavad hinnad on 97,79 kr eraklientidele ning 101,55 krooni äriklientidele. Eestis on üks madalaimaid juurdepääsu hindu Euroopa Liidus. Eraklientidele on see 57% madalam Euroopa Liidu keskmisest hinnast, millest veelgi madalam on ainult Lätis ja Maltal. Äriklientidele on juurdepääsu hinnad Euroopa keskmistest hindadest kuni 59% madalamad (Eestis on madalaim juurdepääsu hind). Eeltoodust tuleneb, et ei kasuta oma märkimisväärset turuosa ülemääraste telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu hindade rakendamiseks. 5. Telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu jaeturu hinnad võrreldes vaskpaarile juurdepääsu hulgituru hindadega Käesolevas punktis võrdleme i poolt jaeturul rakendatavaid telefoni juurdepääsu kuutasusid i poolt hulgiturul rakendatavate vaskpaarile juurdepääsu kuutasudega. Tegemist on tehniliselt sarnaste toodetega. Mõlemal juhul antakse kliendile kasutada kliendiliin. Telefonivõrgule juurepääsu teenuse korral lisanduvad kliendiliinile ka liinikaardid. Telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu teenust osutatakse lõppkasutajale ja vaskpaarile juurdepääsu teenust teistele sideettevõtjatele. i vaskpaarile juurdepääsu kuutasud on vastavalt Sideameti otsuses nr J.1.-45/07/1 sätestatud hinnakohustusele kuludele orienteeritud port/annex2.pdf lk 69. 5
6 Jaehinnad i lõppkasutajatele Jagatud juurdepääs vaskpaarile (kõne) hind teistele sideettevõtjatele Jae miinus hulgi hind Kodupakett - vaskpaarile juurdepääs digitaaljaam 102,4* 59,4* 43,1 Kodupakett - vaskpaarile juurdepääs analoogjaam 90,6* 59,4* 31,2 Säästupakett - vaskpaarile juurdepääs analoogjaam 60,2* 59,4* 0,8 Äripakett - vaskpaarile juurdepääs digitaaljaam 121,1* 59,4* 61,7 Äripakett - vaskpaarile juurdepääs analoogjaam 108,4* 59,4* 49,0 Tabel 4. Kõne jaeteenustele juurdepääsu hinnad vs kõne edastamist võimaldava vaskpaarile jagatud juurdepääsu hulgiteenuse hinnad. * liitumistasu jagatakse 36 kuuga ja liidetakse kuutasu. Eeltoodud tabelist selgub, et i poolt rakendatavad telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu kuutasud on vaskpaarile juurdepääsu kuutasudest kõrgemad kuni 61,7 krooni. Sellest järeldub, et ei kasuta oma märkimisväärset turuosa alla kulude telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu hindade rakendamiseks ning seega ei rakenda analüüsitavalt turul röövelliku hinnakujundust. 6. Järeldus Võttes arvesse, et eeltoodud hindade analüüsis ei tuvastatud i telefonivõrgule juurdepääsu hindade rakendamisel ülemäärast hinnakujundust, röövelliku hinnakujundust ning ristsubsideerimist, on Konkurentsiamet seisukohal, et ile telefonivõrgus juurdepääsu jaeturul ESS -des 50 ja 52 sätestatud hinnakontrolli kohustuste kehtestamine ei ole otstarbekas ja proportsionaalne ning on piisav, kui ile kehtestada talle juba kehtiva ESS 56 tuleneva kohustusega sarnane kohustus. 6
Common Safety Indicators (CSIs) as reported by Member States Extracted on 18 October 2013 from ERAIL database (
Table 1 Fatalities by category of persons Victim types Year AT BE BG CT CZ DE DK EE EL ES FI FR HR HU IE IT LT LU LV NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK UK EU Passengers 2006 0 4 1 4 18 0 3 9 1 12 4 0 5 0 0 1 1 9
EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL AFFAIRS BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS. August 2011
EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL AFFAIRS BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS August 2011 Upcoming releases of Business and Consumer Survey results Flash CCI: 22 September,
BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS. Euro Area (EA) February 2014: Economic Sentiment broadly unchanged in the euro area and the EU
February 2014 BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS 120 Graph 1: Economic sentiment indicator (s.a.) 110 100 90 80 Euro Area (EA) 70 60 long-term av erage (1990-2013) = 100 European Union (EU) 1990 1991
Consumer confidence indicator
February 2016 BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS 120 Graph 1: Economic sentiment indicator (s.a.) 110 100 90 80 70 long-term average (1990-2015) = 100 Euro Area (EA) European Union (EU) 60 1990 1992
BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS. Euro Area (EA) European Union (EU)
June 2015 BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS 120 Graph 1: Economic sentiment indicator (s.a.) 110 100 90 80 70 60 long-term average (1990-2014) = 100 Euro Area (EA) European Union (EU) 1990 1991 1992
BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS. September 2018: Economic Sentiment decreases in both the euro area and the EU
September 2018 BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS 120 Graph 1: Economic sentiment indicator (s.a.) 110 100 90 80 70 60 long-term av erage (1990-2017) = 100 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS
March 2018 BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS 120 Graph 1: Economic sentiment indicator (s.a.) 110 100 90 80 70 long-term av erage (1990-2017) = 100 EA EU 60 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS
February 2018 BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS 120 Graph 1: Economic sentiment indicator (s.a.) 110 100 90 80 70 long-term av erage (1990-2017) = 100 EA EU 60 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS. Euro Area (EA) European Union (EU)
September 2016 BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS 120 Graph 1: Economic sentiment indicator (s.a.) 110 100 90 80 70 long-term average (1990-2015) = 100 Euro Area (EA) European Union (EU) 60 1990 1992
BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS. Euro Area (EA) European Union (EU) September 2015: Economic Sentiment improves in the euro area and the EU
September 2015 BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS 120 Graph 1: Economic sentiment indicator (s.a.) 110 100 90 80 70 60 long-term average (1990-2014) = 100 Euro Area (EA) European Union (EU) 1990 1991
September 2011 compared with August 2011 Industrial producer prices up by 0.3% in euro area Up by 0.4% in EU27
161/2011-4 November 2011 September 2011 compared with August 2011 Industrial producer prices up by 0.3% in euro area Up by 0.4% in EU27 In September 2011 compared with August 2011, the industrial producer
EUROPEAN FISHERIES IN FIGURES
EUROPEAN FISHERIES IN FIGURES The tables below show basic statistical data in several areas relating to the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), namely: the fishing fleets of the Member States in 2014 (Table
BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS. August 2013: Economic Sentiment rises further in both the euro area and the EU
August 2013 BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS 120 Graph 1: Economic sentiment indicator (s.a.) 110 100 90 80 70 long-term av erage (1990-2012) = 100 Euro Area (EA) European Union (EU) 60 1990 1991 1992
BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS
May 2018 BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS 120 Graph 1: Economic sentiment indicator (s.a.) 110 100 90 80 70 60 long-term av erage (1990-2017) = 100 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS
December 2018 BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS **** Important notice: Starting with the next flash publication on 23 January 2019, the composition of the consumer confidence indicator will be revised.
BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS. February 2019: Economic Sentiment broadly stable in the euro area, down in the EU
February 2019 BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS 120 Graph 1: Economic sentiment indicator (s.a.) 110 100 90 80 EA EU 70 long-term av erage (1990-2018) = 100 60 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
December 2011 compared with November 2011 Industrial producer prices down by 0.2% in both euro area and EU27
18/2012-2 February 2012 December 2011 compared with November 2011 Industrial producer prices down by 0.2% in both euro area and EU27 In December 2011, compared with November 2011, the industrial producer
BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS. Euro Area (EA) June 2014: Economic Sentiment decreasing in the euro area, while stable in the EU
June 2014 BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS 120 Graph 1: Economic sentiment indicator (s.a.) 110 100 90 80 Euro Area (EA) 70 60 long-term av erage (1990-2013) = 100 European Union (EU) 1990 1991 1992
The 3 rd European Road Safety Action Programme
ROAD SAFETY: the European Union Policy 2001-2010 & 2011-2020 SEETO, 18.10.2010 J.P Repussard/G. Bergot European Commission, Directorate General for Mobility & Transport Unit «Road Safety and Transport
First Trends H2020 vs FP7: winners and losers
First Trends H2020 vs FP7: winners and losers Special focus on EU13 countries by Christian Saublens for EURADA INTRODUCTION Based on data available on the Cordis website on 3 December 2015, it is possible
EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL AFFAIRS BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS. April 2011
EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL AFFAIRS BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS April 2011 From February 2011 onwards, business surveys are presented exclusively in accordance
Next update will be this week as soon as possible. Thanks for your understanding
Next update will be this week as soon as possible. Thanks for your understanding Trade monitoring through customs surveillance data The TAXUD surveillance system ("customs surveillance") records and centralizes
March 2013 Euro area unemployment rate at 12.1% EU27 at 10.9%
STAT/13/70 30 April 2013 March 2013 Euro area unemployment rate at 12.1% at 10.9% The euro area 1 (EA17) seasonally-adjusted 2 unemployment rate 3 was 12.1% in March 2013, up from 12.0% in February 4.
June 2014 Euro area unemployment rate at 11.5% EU28 at 10.2%
STAT/14/121 31 July 2014 June 2014 Euro area unemployment rate at 11.5% EU28 at 10.2% The euro area 1 (EA18) seasonally-adjusted 2 unemployment rate 3 was 11.5% in June 2014, down from 11.6% in May 2014
Adding value to IRENA s REmap 2030 project using a European Electricity Model
Adding value to IRENA s REmap 2030 project using a European Electricity Model Seán Collins, Deger Saygin, Paul Deane, Dolf Gielen, Brian Ó Gallachóir Joint Research Centre Petten 11 th October 2016 Agenda
Publication of data. This report is published on a weekly basis.
Trade monitoring through customs surveillance data The TAXUD surveillance system ("customs surveillance") records and centralizes all EU trade data (import and exports) directly from the national customs
Spring forecasts : a tough 2009, but EU economy set to stabilise as support measures take effect
IP/09/693 Brussels, 4 May 2009 Spring forecasts 2009-2010: a tough 2009, but EU economy set to stabilise as support measures take effect In the Commission's spring forecast, GDP in the European Union is
BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS. November 2013: Economic Sentiment improves in the euro area and the EU
November 2013 BUSINESS AND CONSUMER SURVEY RESULTS 120 Graph 1: Economic sentiment indicator (s.a.) 110 100 90 80 Euro Area (EA) 70 60 long-term av erage (1990-2012) = 100 European Union (EU) 1990 1991
February 2014 Euro area unemployment rate at 11.9% EU28 at 10.6%
STAT/14/52 1 April 2014 February 2014 Euro area unemployment rate at 11.9% EU28 at 10.6% The euro area 1 (EA18) seasonally-adjusted 2 unemployment rate 3 was 11.9% in February 2014, stable since October
May 2014 Euro area unemployment rate at 11.6% EU28 at 10.3%
STAT/14/103-1 July 2014 May 2014 Euro area unemployment rate at 11.6% EU28 at 10.3% The euro area 1 (EA18) seasonally-adjusted 2 unemployment rate 3 was 11.6% in May 2014, stable compared with April 2014
Addendum to TSAP report #13. Markus Amann, Jens Borken-Kleefeld, Janusz Cofala, Zig Klimont, June 13, 2014
Addendum to report #13 Markus Amann, Jens Borken-Kleefeld, Janusz Cofala, Zig Klimont, June 13, Table 1: Comparison of 2005 total national emission inventories for SO2. submission of as of March 1, (kilotons)
Area Yield Production ha % TAV 100 kg/ha % TAV t % TAV
4.1.1.1 Area, yield and production of common and durum wheat 26/11/2013 Common wheat Area Yield Production 1 000 ha % TAV 100 kg/ha % TAV 1 000 t % TAV 2009 2010 2011 2012 2012 2009 2010 2011 2012 2012
Adjusting and extending the LFS data used for the projections
Alphametrics (AM) Alphametrics Ltd Adjusting and extending the LFS data used for the projections Skillsnet technical workshop 14-15 June 2010, Thessaloniki Robert Stehrer and Terry Ward wiiw, Vienna Alphametrics,
DRINK-DRIVING IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
DRINK-DRIVING IN THE EUROPEAN UNION Safe and Sober Talk Switzerland Bern, 17 th of October 2017 Frank Mütze Policy & Project Officer ETSC ETSC A science based approach to road safety Secretariat in Brussels
The European pigmeat sector. "Single CMO" Management Committee 17 September 2009
The European pigmeat sector "Single CMO" Management Committee 17 September 2009 Price in Euro/100 kg 175 165 155 145 135 125 Development of the Community average market price for pig carcases 115 1 4 7
EU Market Situation for Poultry. Civil Dialogue Group. 25 October 2016
EU Market Situation for Poultry Civil Dialogue Group 25 October 216 Thousand Tons F O R E C A S T 16 14 Experts EU production forecast on Poultry and Rabbit (Missing data (BE-EL-AT-RO-LT-SE) - No expert
Sustainability Transport Innovation Energy efficiency the key to railway innovation
Sustainability Transport Innovation Energy efficiency the key to railway innovation Mads Bergendorff macroplan.dk Banekonferencen København 9. maj 2012 Macroplan in brief Founded in 2006 by Mads Bergendorff
Ehitisintegreeritud fotoelektriliste päikesepaneelide tootlikkus ja majanduslik tasuvus Eesti kliimas aastal 2011
Ehitisintegreeritud fotoelektriliste päikesepaneelide tootlikkus ja majanduslik tasuvus Eesti kliimas aastal 2011 Annika Päsik Majandus-ja Kommunikatsiooniministeerium Sisukord Eesmärk Päikesekiirgus Eestis
Inflation Differentials in Europe. Balázs Égert Economics Department, OECD
Inflation Differentials in Europe Balázs Égert Economics Department, OECD Objectives of the presentation Different factors driving inflation rates in Europe Differences between mature and catching-up countries
Sheep and goat numbers (preceding December)
4.17.0.1 Sheep and goat numbers (preceding December) 1 000 head % of EU-27 % TAV 2007 2008 2009 2010 2010 2010 2009 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sheep EU-27 95 803 90 907 88 757 84 614 100.0 4.7 Belgique/België ( 1 )
THE BALTIC SEA POWER RING CONNECTED: A GLANCE AT NORDBALT AND LITPOL LINK TODAY AND OUTLOOK FOR TOMORROW
THE BALTIC SEA POWER RING CONNECTED: A GLANCE AT NORDBALT AND LITPOL LINK TODAY AND OUTLOOK FOR TOMORROW Daivis Virbickas Litgrid CEO 24 November 2015 90 Electricity consumption reflects the level of economy
1 Background and definitions
EUROPEAN COMMISSION DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion Europe 2020: Employment Policies European Employment Strategy Youth neither in employment nor education and training (NEET) Presentation
Alcohol Interlocks and the fight against Drink-Driving
Alcohol Interlocks and the fight against Drink-Driving Safe and Sober Seminar Portuguese Parliament - Assembleia da República Lisbon, Portugal Wednesday 22 nd April 2015 Ilyas Daoud Project Manager Ilyas.Daoud@etsc.eu
The SafeCulture project Results on safety culture in professional transport in Greece
Promotion of Road Safety Culture International Workshop Herakleio, Greece May 29, 2017 The SafeCulture project Results on safety culture in professional transport in Greece Alexandra Laiou, George Yannis,
LANGUAGE, COPYRIGHT AND GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENTATION IN THE EU DIGITAL SINGLE MARKET: THE CASE OF APPLE ITUNES
LANGUAGE, COPYRIGHT AND GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENTATION IN THE EU DIGITAL SINGLE MARKET: THE CASE OF APPLE ITUNES Estrella Gomez-Herrera and Bertin Martens Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (JRC/IPTS)
Väiketuulikute ja päikesepaneelide tootlikkuse ja tasuvuse võrdlus
Väiketuulikute ja päikesepaneelide tootlikkuse ja tasuvuse võrdlus Rein Pinn Eesti Päikeseenergia Assotsiatsioon EnergoGen Päikeseenergia ja paneelid Toodab sooja Vaakum torukollektor Plaatkollektor Päikeseenergia
THE ROAD SAFETY POLICY IN SPAIN. Rome, 9 th April 2009
THE ROAD SAFETY POLICY IN SPAIN Rome, 9 th April 2009 1. GENERAL DATA Spain!500 000 km².! 44 million inhabitants. Amount of vehicules! 31 million.! 6 M. increase from 2003 to 2008.! Increase of 1M per
KEY DRIVERS AND SLOWERS OF PASSENGER CAR TRANSPORT (ENERGY) DEMAND IN THE EU-27
Amela Ajanovic KEY DRIVERS AND SLOWERS OF PASSENGER CAR TRANSPORT (ENERGY) DEMAND IN THE EU-27 Vienna University of Technology, Energy Economics Group, Austria, Phone +431 5881 37364, e-mail ajanovic@eeg.tuwien.ac.at
Minutes. Meeting of the Member States Expert Group on AVAS for M & N category vehicles (E01295) 16 November 2016, Brussels
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs Directorate Unit Brussels, 20 January 2017 Minutes Meeting of the Member States Expert Group on AVAS for
*EP A1* EP A1 (19) (11) EP A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION. (43) Date of publication: Bulletin 2005/41
(19) Europäisches Patentamt European Patent Office Office européen des brevets *EP001585051A1* (11) EP 1 585 051 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: 12.10.2005 Bulletin 2005/41
EP A1 (19) (11) EP A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION. (43) Date of publication: Bulletin 2006/42
(19) Europäisches Patentamt European Patent Office Office européen des brevets (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (11) EP 1 712 388 A1 (43) Date of publication: 18.10.2006 Bulletin 2006/42 (51) Int Cl.:
REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 23.3.2012 COM(2012) 127 final REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL Quality of petrol and diesel fuel used for road transport in the European
Belgique/ Bulgaria Česká Danmark Deutschland Eesti Éire/Ireland Elláda España France Italia Kýpros Latvija Lietuva Luxembourg Magyarország
1.0.1 Exchange rates 28.02.2011 (1 ECU-EUR =... MN ) Since Belgique/ Bulgaria Česká Danmark Deutschland Eesti Éire/Ireland Elláda España France Italia Kýpros Latvija Lietuva Luxembourg Magyarország België
TEPZZ Z Z 85A_T EP A1 (19) (11) EP A1. (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION published in accordance with Art.
(19) TEPZZ Z Z 8A_T (11) EP 3 0 38 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION published in accordance with Art. 13(4) EPC (43) Date of publication: 18.0.16 Bulletin 16/ (21) Application number: 1482271.7 (22)
KAS ENERGIA ON EESTIS ODAV VÕI KALLIS?
KAS ENERGIA ON EESTIS ODAV VÕI KALLIS? Rita Raudjärv, Ljudmilla Kuskova Energia on ressurss, milleta on tänapäeva elu raske ette kujutada tundub enesestmõistetavana, et see on pidevalt olemas. Erilise
Road safety in Europe. Graziella Jost, ETSC, PIN Programme Manager
Road safety in Europe Graziella Jost, ETSC, PIN Programme Manager ETSC PIN Programme 1 Compare country performance in road safety Include the 27 EU Member States (+ Israel, Norway and Switzerland) A PIN
2009 Europe / US International Aviation Safety Conference
2009 Europe / US International Aviation Safety Conference Standardisation, EASA model Edmund Bohland Section Manager EASA-Standardisation 1 The European regulatory system Legislative Role Executive Role
Publication of data ,
Trade monitoring through customs surveillance data The TAXUD surveillance system ("customs surveillance") records and centralizes all EU trade data (import and exports) directly from the national customs
EP A2 (19) (11) EP A2 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION. (43) Date of publication: Bulletin 2012/42
(19) (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (11) EP 2 512 002 A2 (43) Date of publication: 17.10.2012 Bulletin 2012/42 (51) Int Cl.: H02J 7/00 (2006.01) H02J 7/35 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 11250613.4
TAXATION N 322 JC/ 49 /14 LC/ 39 /14 BARS/ 25 /14 WG-TX/ 2 /14 WG-CO2/ 23 /14 WG-EV/ 4 /14 WG-CSG/ 10 /14
Brussels, 3 April 2014 TAXATION N 322 JC/ 49 /14 LC/ 39 /14 BARS/ 25 /14 WG-TX/ 2 /14 WG-CO2/ 23 /14 WG-EV/ 4 /14 WG-CSG/ 10 /14 Subject: Overview of C2 taxes and incentives for EVs Dear colleagues, Please
Messages from BBI JU. Eleni Zika, Head of Programme, BBI JU Philippe Mengal, Executive Director, BBI JU
Messages from BBI JU Eleni Zika, Head of Programme, BBI JU Philippe Mengal, Executive Director, BBI JU 2015.2: 23 projects: 11 RIA, 9 Demo, 3 CSA s 2014-2016 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 2 3 4
Survey on passengers satisfaction with rail services. Analytical report. Flash Eurobarometer 326 The Gallup Organization
Flash Eurobarometer 326 The Gallup Organization Flash Eurobarometer European Commission Survey on passengers satisfaction with rail services Analytical report Fieldwork: March 2011 Publication: June 2011
Single vehicle accidents
Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2013 - Main Figures Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2015 Traffic Safety Single vehicle accidents Basic Facts 2015 Single vehicle accidents General In this Basic Fact Sheet, single
SAFE BRAKING WITH MOTORCYCLE ABS. Takatoshi Tagawa, Sales manager, Automotive Technologies
SAFE BRAKING WITH MOTORCYCLE ABS Takatoshi Tagawa, Sales manager, Automotive Technologies Robert Bosch road traffic fatalities Action for world wide road traffic fatalities Worldwide road traffic fatalities
Denmark. Website. Contact points Flag State. Status of Conventions. EU Member State. Port State. Coastal State
EU Member State Website Contact points Flag State Port State www.dma.dk Danish Maritime Authority 31 Carl Jacobsens Vej DK-2500 Valby Tel: +4591376000 Fax:+4591376001 E- mail: psc@dma.dk Danish Maritime
Community-Led Local Development in the EU
Community-Led Local Development in the EU Insights from the Expert assignment about CLLD implementation under ERDF and ESF 5 th Meeting of the LEADER / CLLD Sub-group 08 March 2018 Loris Antonio Servillo
C-eight QUICK START GUIDE & REGULATORY
Head Office 185 avenue Archimède 13857 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 3 France Tel. +33(0)4 42 65 25 65 Fax +33(0)4 42 51 57 32 SAS au Capital de 100 000 Euros RCS AIX 509 059 572 SIRET: 509 059 572 00016 APE 6201Z
EU Market Situation for Poultry. Committee for the Common Organisation of the Agricultural Markets 22 October 2015
EU Market Situation for Poultry Committee for the Common Organisation of the Agricultural Markets 22 October 215 Euro Dollar exchange rate 1.6 22/9/215: 1 EUR = 1.12 USD 1.4 1.2 1. Exchange rate: Spot,
New Challenges for the Transatlantic Cooperation N. LOHL, EASA
New Challenges for the Transatlantic Cooperation N. LOHL, EASA IAQG General Assembly München 16th October 2009 Introduction: IAQB and EASA International Aerospace Quality Group, IAQB refers to: Culture
civity A Balanced Scorecard for Railway System Efficiency?
civity Management A Balanced Scorecard for Railway System Efficiency? OECD/ITF Railway Efficiency Roundtable Lou Thompson / Heiner Bente November 18/19, 2014 Paris What IS Efficiency? Like porn: we know
EIOPA list of identified insurance groups for which a college of supervisors is in place 1
April 2018 EIOPA list of identified insurance groups for which a college of supervisors is in place 1 Including, per insurance group, an overview of the EU/EEA countries National Competent Authorities
COMMISSION STAFF WORKING PAPER. Technical Annex. Accompanying the document REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 22.6.2011 SEC(2011) 759 final COMMISSION STAFF WORKING PAPER Technical Annex Accompanying the document REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL
COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION
L 188/50 Official Journal of the European Union 19.7.2011 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 11 July 2011 on a Union financial contribution towards Member States fisheries control, inspection and surveillance
TEPZZ A T EP A2 (19) (11) EP A2 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION. (51) Int Cl.: F16H 47/04 ( )
(19) TEPZZ 6774A T (11) EP 2 67 74 A2 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: 30.10.2013 Bulletin 2013/44 (1) Int Cl.: F16H 47/04 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 1316271.1 (22) Date
CARS 2020 Working Group Clean Vehicles: Electromobility and alternative fuels. 27 May 2013
CARS 2020 Working Group Clean Vehicles: Electromobility and alternative fuels 27 May 2013 About Leaseurope The voice of leasing and automotive rental in Europe It brings together 47 Member Associations
Elekter päikesest Eestis aastal Andri Jagomägi, Ph.D. Tallinna Tehnikaülikool Materjaliteaduse Instituut
Elekter päikesest Eestis aastal 2012. Andri Jagomägi, Ph.D. Tallinna Tehnikaülikool Materjaliteaduse Instituut Küsitlus Milline peaks olema päikesest elektrit toova süsteemi tasuvusaeg aastates, et Te
External and intra-european Union trade
ISSN 1606-3481 External and intra-european Union trade Data 2004 09 2010 edition Pocketbooks External and intra-european Union trade Data 2004 09 2010 edition Europe Direct is a service to help you find
Committee for the Common Organisation of the Agricultural Market Market Situation for Sheep & Goat Meats 21 Septembre 2017
Committee for the Common Organisation of the Agricultural Market Market Situation for Sheep & Goat Meats 21 Septembre 217 Production P R O D U C T I O N In ' tonnes carcase weight 14.1 58.4 43.8 3.6 29.2
Internalisation of external costs
Internalisation of external costs - Direct impact on the economies of the individual EU Member States, and the consequences on the European road haulage industry Stefan Rommerskirchen Markus Drewitz Lutz
(51) Int Cl.: B66C 13/14 ( ) B66C 3/00 ( ) A01G 23/08 ( ) E02F 9/22 ( ) E02F 3/36 ( )
(19) TEPZZ 8 4Z59A_T (11) EP 2 824 059 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: 14.01.2015 Bulletin 2015/03 (21) Application number: 13181144.0 (51) Int Cl.: B66C 13/14 (2006.01) B66C
(51) Int Cl.: B61F 5/38 ( ) (54) Two- axle bogie for railway vehicle with radially adjustable wheelsets with cross coupling
(19) (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (11) EP 2 157 007 A1 (43) Date of publication: 24.02.2010 Bulletin 2010/08 (51) Int Cl.: B61F 5/38 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 09475002.3 (22) Date of filing:
Single vehicle accidents
Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2013 - Main Figures Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2016 Traffic Safety Single vehicle accidents Basic Facts 2016 Single vehicle accidents A significant decrease of 44% in single
CHARGING INSTALL THE BATTERIES INTO THE CONTROLLER
CHARGING 1. Plug charger into computer or USB charge adapter. The LED on the charger will turn on. 2. Make sure that the On/Off switch on the Nano Hexagon is off and connect charger. The LED on the charger
Implications of Biofuel Support Policies in Europe - A Quantitative Analysis in an Open Economy
16 th ICABR / 126 th EAAE Ravello 24-27 June 2012 Implications of Biofuel Support Policies in Europe - A Quantitative Analysis in an Open Economy María Blanco, Shailesh Shrestha, Marcel Adenaeuer and Arno
Committing to the future. The digital manifold testo 550, ideal for all measurement work on refrigeration systems and heat pumps
Committing to the future The digital manifold testo 550, ideal for all measurement work on refrigeration systems and heat pumps The new digital manifold testo 550 offers an unbeatable proce/performance
Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2010
Motorways More than 23.000 people were killed in traffic accidents on motorways in 16 1 European Union countries between 1999 and 2008 2. This number corresponds to 7% of all traffic accident fatalities
EUROPEAN LIVESTOCK AND MEAT TRADING UNION / EUROPÄISCHE VIEH- UND FLEISCHHANDELSUNION
EUROPEAN LIVESTOCK AND MEAT TRADING UNION / EUROPÄISCHE VIEH- UND FLEISCHHANDELSUNION Brussels, 4 th July O/REF: Circular C-031--EN RE: PIGMEAT Market Situation and Outlook The Forecasting Committee of
EUROPEAN UNION ENERGY AND TRANSPORT IN FIGURES Part 3 : TRANSPORT
EUROPEAN UNION European Commission Directorate-General for Energy and Transport in co-operation with Eurostat ENERGY AND TRANSPORT IN FIGURES 2010 Part 3 : TRANSPORT PREFACE Energy and transport are two
Traffic Safety Basic Facts Main Figures. Traffic Safety Basic Facts Traffic Safety. Main Figures Basic Facts 2017.
Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2013 - Main Figures Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2015 Traffic Safety Main Figures Basic Facts 2017 Main Figures EU road safety targets The European Commission set the ambitious
EP A1 (19) (11) EP A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION. (43) Date of publication: Bulletin 2009/04
(19) (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (11) EP 2 017 118 A1 (43) Date of publication: 21.01.2009 Bulletin 2009/04 (51) Int Cl.: B60M 1/06 (2006.01) B60M 3/04 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 08159353.5
Deriving Least-Cost Policy Strategies for Meeting CO 2 -Reduction Targets in Passenger Car Transport in the EU-15
Deriving Least-Cost Policy Strategies for Meeting CO 2 -Reduction Targets in Passenger Car Transport in the EU-15 Amela Ajanovic Energy Economics Group Vienna University of technology CEEM, Sydney, 22
TEPZZ 5 59 A T EP A2 (19) (11) EP A2 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION
(19) TEPZZ 5 59 A T (11) EP 2 535 922 A2 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: 19.12.2012 Bulletin 2012/51 (21) Application number: 12172230.0 (51) Int Cl.: H01J 61/26 (2006.01) H01J
EP A2 (19) (11) EP A2 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION. (43) Date of publication: Bulletin 2010/09
(19) (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (11) EP 2 159 888 A2 (43) Date of publication: 03.03.2010 Bulletin 2010/09 (51) Int Cl.: H01R 13/53 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 09167901.9 (22) Date of filing:
*EP A1* EP A1 (19) (11) EP A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION. (43) Date of publication: Bulletin 2003/49
(19) Europäisches Patentamt European Patent Office Office européen des brevets *EP001366948A1* (11) EP 1 366 948 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: 03.12.2003 Bulletin 2003/49
EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL TAXATION AND CUSTOMS UNION Indirect Taxation and Tax administration Indirect taxes other than VAT
EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL TAXATION AND CUSTO UNION Indirect Taxation and Tax administration Indirect taxes other than VAT EXCISE DUTY TABLES Part II Energy products and Electricity In accordance
Greening transport taxation
Greening transport taxation Jos Dings GBE conference, Budapest, 8 July 2010 www.transportenvironment.org A ranking of transport tax anomalies 1 Tax free aviation 2 Private benefits of company cars 3 Europe
Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2008
In 2006, powered two wheelers make up 22% of the total number of road accident fatalities in the EU-14. In 2006,moped rider fatalities make up 5,7% of the total number of road accident fatalities in the
The Innovation Company. LTG Aktiengesellschaft. Technical Brochure. LTG Air Distribution. Highly-tight shut-off damper KLB
Technical Brochure LTG Air Distribution Highly-tight shut-off damper KLB Notes Dimensions stated in this brochure are in mm. Dimensions stated in this brochure are subject to General Tolerances according
Market situation Sugar Market Observatory 12 April 2018
Market situation Sugar Market Observatory 12 April 2018 Arable crops, Sugar team DG Agriculture and Rural Development European Commission Sugar Prices Sugar Market Observatory 12 April 2018 2007 2008 2009
ABB LITHUANIA 25 YEARS Making Grids Smarter A Journey from a Vision to Reality. Dick Kronman, Head of Smart Grids Center of Excellence
ABB LITHUANIA 25 YEARS 12.10.2017 Making Grids Smarter A Journey from a Vision to Reality Dick Kronman, Head of Smart Grids Center of Excellence The evolving grid From traditional to smart grid Traditional