Single vehicle accidents

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1 Traffic Safety Basic Facts Main Figures Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2015 Traffic Safety Single vehicle accidents Basic Facts 2015 Single vehicle accidents

2 General In this Basic Fact Sheet, single vehicle accident or single vehicle collision is a type of road accident in which only one vehicle and no other road user is involved. Run-off-road collisions, collisions with fallen rocks or debris in the road, rollover crashes within the roadway and collisions with animals are included in this category. A significant decrease of 45% in single vehicle accident fatalities was recorded during the decade Almost persons were killed in single vehicle accidents, in the European Union countries within the decade This number represents almost one third of all road accident fatalities in those countries (31,4%). The number of people killed in single vehicle accidents in 2013 was 45% less than the respective number in The total number of fatalities also fell by 45% in the European Union countries over the same period. Figure 1: Number of single vehicle accident fatalities and all road fatalities, EU, Over persons -one third of all road accident fatalitieswere killed in single vehicle accidents, in EU, within the decade The total number of fatalities in the EU countries was 10% less in 2009 than in 2008, whereas the number of single vehicle accident fatalities was 7% less. The latter number, however, fell by 15% in 2010, whereas the fatality total fell again by 10%. Table 1 provides an overview of the evolution of single vehicle accident fatalities for the decade Within the decade, the most significant reduction in single vehicle fatalities occurred in Spain and Latvia (66%). In 2013, the number of these fatalities decreased in comparison to 2012: Portugal (24%), Slovenia (23%), Spain (20%). On the other hand, there was a considerable increase in 2013 only in Finland (44%)

3 Within the decade , the most significant reduction in single vehicle accident fatalities is recorded in Spain and Latvia (66%). Table 1: Number of single vehicle accident fatalities by country, BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK EU Yearly change -6% -6% -2% -6% -7% -15% -1% -6% -10% IS NO * Totals for EU include latest available data (Data for Ireland, Lithuania and Cyprus not included in totals) Table 2 provides the percentage of fatalities that occurred in single vehicle accidents in the EU for the decade In 2013, this was 31,4% in the EU countries

4 The proportion of EU fatalities occurring in single vehicle accidents in 2013 was 31,4%. Table 2: Percentage of single vehicle accident fatalities of all road fatalities by country, or latest available year BE 49% 44% 44% 43% 44% 45% 42% 41% 42% 43% BG 38% 37% 34% 34% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% CZ 31% 31% 32% 35% 30% 36% 31% 32% 34% 32% DK 23% 23% 24% 22% 28% 30% 29% 31% 30% 29% DE 33% 33% 32% 32% 31% 33% 31% 32% 31% 30% EE 30% 30% 32% 41% 31% 33% 33% 33% 33% 33% IE EL 36% 38% 38% 38% 37% 38% 40% 39% 44% 43% ES 36% 35% 35% 35% 36% 37% 34% 35% 38% 34% FR 39% 37% 38% 38% 38% 40% 39% 37% 39% 36% HR 39% 39% 39% 39% 34% 41% 37% 42% 40% 35% IT 28% 29% 29% 28% 27% 30% 29% 30% 31% 32% CY LV 28% 27% 29% 24% 38% 33% 33% 30% 25% 27% LT LU 36% 51% 44% 41% 40% 40% 56% 36% 50% 38% HU 23% 24% 25% 24% 24% 28% 18% 25% 20% 22% MT 23% 18% 27% 42% 11% 33% 54% 54% 54% 54% NL 23% 24% 22% 22% 36% 35% 33% 31% 32% 31% AT 37% 37% 37% 35% 37% 38% 35% 36% 35% 33% PL 21% 24% 24% 27% 27% 26% 23% 25% 25% 26% PT 35% 40% 41% 40% 43% 28% 40% 38% 43% 37% RO 41% 27% 24% 26% 29% 28% 26% 27% 28% 26% SI 22% 18% 22% 22% 20% 21% 22% 22% 30% 24% SK 32% 31% 26% 28% 28% 30% 25% 25% 25% 25% FI 31% 34% 38% 31% 36% 39% 30% 34% 26% 37% SE 40% 42% 35% 36% 39% 42% 38% 34% 34% 38% UK 26% 25% 27% 25% 25% 26% 23% 25% 23% 24% EU 31,9% 31,4% 31,2% 31,1% 31,7% 32,9% 31,2% 31,7% 32,2% 31,4% IS 43% 47% 45% 47% 50% 47% 38% 42% 67% 47% NO 35% 33% 34% 33% 43% 37% 36% 37% 34% 40% Even though, in 2013, single vehicle accident fatalities constituted on average almost one third of the overall fatalities in the EU, the proportion was 22% in Hungary. It was highest in Belgium and Greece (43%). Figure 2 shows that the number of single vehicle accident fatalities in the EU reduced gradually from 2004 to The proportion of all fatalities that occurred in single vehicle accidents varied within a narrow range, and was relatively high in

5 Figure 2: Number of single vehicle accident fatalities and percentage of all road fatalities, EU, or latest available year Although the number of single vehicle accident fatalities fell within the decade examined in EU, the proportion of all fatalities that occurred in single vehicle accidents varied within a narrow range. Table 3: Single vehicle accident fatality rates per million population by country, or latest available year BE 54,5 46,1 44,7 43,8 39,4 39,2 32,7 31,9 28,8 27,7 BG 46,2 46,6 46,9 47,3 47,6 47,9 48,2 48,6 48,9 49,1 CZ 41,5 39,4 33,5 41,6 31,5 31,3 23,9 23,7 23,9 20,1 DK 15,9 13,9 13,3 16,3 20,5 16,3 13,6 12,4 9,0 10,0 DE 23,1 21,4 19,9 19,0 16,9 16,7 13,7 15,5 13,5 12,0 EE 37,3 37,5 48,1 60,3 30,6 24,0 24,0 24,1 24,1 24,2 IE EL 54,5 57,1 57,3 55,0 51,1 49,2 44,6 40,1 38,7 34,4 ES 40,2 36,0 33,0 29,6 24,7 21,8 18,1 15,3 15,4 12,3 FR 35,5 32,6 29,3 28,1 25,8 27,6 24,8 23,4 22,3 18,6 HR 55,7 55,7 55,7 55,6 52,4 51,5 36,7 41,0 37,0 30,0 CY IT 29,4 29,0 28,4 24,8 22,1 21,4 20,5 19,7 19,3 18,1 LV 63,7 52,5 52,1 44,8 54,3 38,4 34,0 26,0 22,0 24,2 LT LU 39,6 52,0 40,5 39,9 28,9 38,5 35,9 23,4 32,4 31,7 HU 29,0 30,1 32,0 29,3 24,3 22,7 13,3 15,8 12,5 13,1 MT 7,5 7,5 7,4 12,3 2,5 12,2 16,9 16,9 16,8 16,6 NL 11,5 10,9 9,7 9,4 14,9 13,8 10,6 10,1 10,8 8,9 AT 39,8 34,4 32,5 29,3 30,3 28,7 23,3 22,7 22,2 17,5 PL 32,2 34,0 33,3 39,0 38,3 31,3 24,1 27,5 23,8 22,5 PT 43,5 47,0 37,6 37,0 35,9 22,2 35,3 31,9 29,0 22,2 RO 46,6 33,4 29,0 34,3 43,6 37,8 30,1 27,1 28,5 23,8 SI 30,6 23,5 28,5 32,3 21,4 17,7 15,1 15,1 19,0 14,6 SK 35,4 35,4 30,0 35,0 31,6 21,7 17,1 17,1 17,0 17,0 FI 22,6 24,3 24,2 22,0 23,4 20,5 15,1 18,4 12,2 17,5 SE 21,2 20,6 17,4 18,5 16,7 16,1 10,8 11,4 10,3 10,3 UK 14,9 14,5 14,9 12,8 11,0 10,4 7,1 16,4 6,6 6,8 EU 30,9 29,1 27,4 26,9 25,1 23,3 19,7 19,5 18,3 16,4 IS 34,4 30,7 46,7 22,8 19,0 25,0 9,4 15,7 18,8 21,7 NO 19,4 16,1 17,7 16,4 23,0 16,3 15,2 12,6 9,8 14,8 Source: CARE database (EUROSTAT for population data), data available in May

6 Figure 3: Single vehicle accident fatality rates per million population, EU, 2004 and 2013 or latest available year In 2013 the single vehicle fatality rate in Bulgaria was more than three times the EU average. Source: CARE database (EUROSTAT for population data), data available in May 2015 Figure 3 shows that the average fatality rate decreased by 47% between 2004 and 2013 in the EU countries. Bulgaria had the highest single vehicle fatality rate (49,1) in 2013, which is more than three times the average EU rate, whereas the United Kingdom has the lowest rate (6,8). The most significant reduction of the single vehicle accident fatality rate over the decade occurred in Spain (69%). The most significant reduction of the single vehicle accident fatality rate over the decade occurred in Spain (69%) and only Bulgaria and Greece had a fatality rate in 2013 that was higher than the EU average for In the following tables and figures, the CARE data for 2013 are analysed in greater detail. It should be noted that the latest available data are used, meaning 2009 data for BG and EE, 2010 data for MT and SK, and 2012 data for IE

7 Age and Road User Type Table 4: Distribution of single and non-single vehicle accident fatalities of drivers by country and age group, 2013 or latest available year The percentage of young drivers (18-24 years old) killed in single vehicle accidents is more than 60% higher than the respective ratio for non-single vehicle accidents. "Single vehicle accident" driver fatalities "Non-single vehicle accident" driver fatalities < >64 < >64 BE 0% 0% 17% 52% 15% 16% 2% 1% 13% 43% 18% 22% BG 3% 7% 23% 50% 12% 4% 3% 2% 14% 35% 20% 26% CZ 0% 1% 21% 41% 20% 16% 1% 1% 12% 42% 23% 21% DK 2% 0% 17% 39% 24% 17% 3% 0% 13% 29% 24% 31% DE 0% 1% 21% 40% 19% 19% 1% 2% 13% 33% 23% 28% EE 0% 0% 31% 50% 6% 13% 0% 0% 18% 52% 15% 15% IE EL 0% 1% 15% 46% 20% 17% 0% 4% 10% 45% 18% 23% ES 0% 1% 10% 46% 24% 18% 1% 1% 8% 49% 23% 18% FR 0% 2% 25% 45% 16% 12% 1% 3% 17% 42% 20% 17% HR 0% 3% 20% 42% 21% 13% 0% 2% 13% 40% 24% 21% IT 0% 2% 16% 41% 20% 22% 0% 2% 9% 42% 21% 26% CY LV 0% 0% 16% 50% 19% 16% 2% 2% 8% 65% 12% 12% LT LU - 0% 13% 47% 33% 7% 0% 0% 15% 50% 15% 20% HU 1% 0% 15% 57% 20% 7% 0% 0% 8% 39% 31% 21% MT 0% - 25% 75% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% NL 1% 1% 27% 37% 13% 21% 1% 4% 11% 25% 19% 41% AT 0% 3% 15% 41% 20% 21% 1% 3% 12% 36% 22% 26% PL 0% 0% 31% 51% 14% 4% 2% 2% 15% 40% 22% 19% PT 0% 0% 12% 38% 28% 22% 0% 1% 10% 45% 22% 21% RO 0% 1% 19% 53% 16% 11% 2% 0% 10% 44% 26% 18% SI 0% 0% 17% 47% 23% 13% 2% 3% 12% 29% 31% 22% SK 0% 0% 31% 49% 16% 4% 1% 1% 13% 56% 18% 11% FI 0% 3% 17% 45% 23% 12% 3% 5% 13% 25% 22% 31% SE 0% 1% 19% 34% 26% 20% 1% 0% 14% 33% 21% 31% UK 0% 0% 26% 44% 18% 12% 0% 2% 19% 39% 19% 21% EU 0% 2% 21% 45% 18% 15% 1% 2% 13% 40% 21% 23% IS 0% 0% 0% 67% 0% 33% 0% 14% 29% 14% 29% 14% NO 0% 2% 15% 38% 28% 18% 1% 4% 20% 39% 21% 15% Table 4 shows that 45% of the drivers killed in single vehicle accidents are aged years old. Moreover, the ratio of young drivers (18-24 years old) killed in single vehicle accidents is more than 60% higher than the respective ratio for the non-single vehicle accidents (21% compared with 13%). Figure 4 shows the proportion of driver fatalities in single and non- single vehicle accidents by age group. Almost 60% of killed drivers aged years old were killed in single vehicle road accidents

8 Figure 4: Distribution of single and non-single vehicle accident fatalities of drivers by age group, EU, 2013 or latest available year Gender Males account for 83% of the single vehicle accident fatalities in the EU countries in Figure 5 indicates that almost two fifths of all female fatalities occurred in single vehicle accidents, compared with over half of male fatalities. Figure 5: Distribution of single and non-single vehicle accident fatalities by gender, EU, 2013 or latest available year Almost two fifths of all female fatalities occurred in single vehicle accidents, compared with over half of male fatalities

9 Map 1: Distribution of single vehicle accident fatalities by country and gender, 2013 or latest available year - 9 -

10 Mode of transport Table 5 presents the distribution of single vehicle accident fatalities by mode of transport in In the EU countries, the percentage of fatalities is highest for car/taxis (66%), with the two wheeler fatalities (mopeds, motorcycles and pedal cycles) accounting for 23% in Table 5: Total number and distribution of single vehicle accident fatalities by country and mode of transport, 2013 or latest available year In the EU, the highest percentage of fatalities was recorded in car/taxis (66%) with two wheelers fatalities accounting for 23% in Car / taxi Lorries Two-wheelers Other Total BE 64% 7% 17% 12% 309 BG 88% 1% 6% 6% 358 CZ 72% 3% 19% 6% 211 DK 55% 16% 25% 4% 56 DE 65% 0% 29% 5% 987 EE 91% 6% 0% 3% 32 IE EL 54% 6% 35% 5% 381 ES 57% 6% 28% 8% 575 FR 63% 7% 25% 5% HR 70% 1% 21% 9% 128 IT 63% 4% 28% 5% CY LV 76% 4% 12% 8% 49 LT LU 65% 0% 24% 12% 17 HU 66% 2% 25% 7% 130 MT 86% 0% 14% 0% 7 NL 59% 7% 24% 10% 149 AT 62% 5% 30% 3% 148 PL 78% 1% 13% 8% 858 PT 44% 21% 21% 15% 233 RO 70% 4% 15% 10% 476 SI 47% 3% 40% 10% 30 SK 82% 0% 12% 7% 92 FI 68% 4% 18% 9% 95 SE 68% 2% 23% 6% 98 UK 69% 3% 23% 4% 433 EU 66% 4% 23% 7% IS 86% 0% 0% 14% 7 NO 57% 9% 15% 19% 75 Figure 6 shows that the proportion of car and taxi fatalities in single vehicle accidents among the EU countries is highest in Estonia (91%) and Bulgaria (88%). On the other hand, the proportion is lowest in Portugal (44%)

11 Figure 6: Distribution of single vehicle accident fatalities by country and mode of transport, 2013 or latest available year In EU, in 2013, the highest proportion of car and taxi fatalities in single vehicle accidents occurred in Estonia (91%). As far as two wheelers fatalities (motorcycle, moped or pedal cycles) are concerned, the lowest proportion was recorded in Bulgaria (6%) and in Latvia and Slovakia (12% respectively) as shown in Figure 6. Slovenia has the highest proportion of two wheelers fatalities (40%) among the EU countries. Portugal has the highest percentage (21%) of fatalities in lorries among the other countries. Area and Road type In Table 6 and Figure 7 the distribution of fatalities in single vehicle accidents by area and road type in the EU countries is presented. In the EU, 70% of the single vehicle accident fatalities occurred outside urban areas, more than twice the respective percentage inside urban areas (30%)

12 In EU, single vehicle accident fatalities occurring outside urban areas account for more than twice the respective percentage inside urban areas. Romania has the highest percentage of single vehicle accident fatalities inside urban areas (53%). Table 6: Total number and distribution of single vehicle accident fatalities by country, area and road type, 2013 or latest available year Outside urban area Inside urban area nonmotorway defined not motorway Total BE 20% 10% 71% 0% 309 BG 26% 4% 70% 0% 358 CZ 30% 6% 64% 0% 211 DK 23% 5% 71% 0% 56 DE 21% 10% 70% 0% 987 EE 16% 0% 84% 0% 32 IE EL 41% 8% 51% 0% 381 ES 18% 19% 62% 0% 575 FR 26% 6% 68% 0% HR 52% 11% 38% 0% 128 IT 36% 11% 53% 0% CY LV 16% 0% 84% 0% 49 LT LU 18% 18% 65% 0% 17 HU 31% 9% 60% 0% 130 MT 100% 0% 0% 0% 7 NL 32% 9% 57% 3% 149 AT 20% 9% 72% 0% 148 PL 35% 2% 63% 0% 858 PT 45% 9% 45% 0% 233 RO 53% 1% 46% 0% 476 SI 50% 3% 47% 0% 30 SK 26% 1% 73% 0% 92 FI 18% 5% 77% 0% 95 SE 17% 7% 71% 4% 98 UK 19% 7% 73% 0% 433 EU 30% 8% 62% 0% IS 14% 0% 86% 0% 7 NO 8% 0% 91% 1% 75 Figure 7 shows that Romania has the highest percentage of single vehicle accident fatalities inside urban areas (53%), whereas Estonia and Latvia have the lowest (16%) amongst the EU countries in Figure 7: Distribution of single vehicle accident fatalities by country and area type, 2013 or latest available year

13 Map 2: Distribution of single vehicle accident fatalities by country and area type, 2013 or latest available year

14 Table 7 shows the percentage of fatalities that occurred in single vehicle accidents by area and road type in A quarter of all road fatalities inside urban areas and a third of all motorway fatalities occurred in single vehicle accidents. Table 7: Total number of single vehicle accident fatalities and percentage of all road fatalities by country, area and road type, 2013 or latest available year Inside Outside urban area Total urban area motorway non-motorway BE 34% 32% 48% 309 BG 30% 42% 45% 358 CZ 27% 48% 35% 211 DK 22% 25% 33% 56 DE 21% 22% 36% 987 EE 26% - 34% 32 IE EL 34% 37% 58% 381 ES 24% 38% 38% 575 FR 33% 32% 38% HR 31% 37% 41% 128 IT 28% 36% 35% CY LV 15% - 33% 49 LT LU 20% 50% 46% 17 HU 17% 40% 24% 130 MT 54% NL 23% 23% 42% 149 AT 25% 42% 34% 148 PL 19% 45% 31% 858 PT 30% 50% 44% 233 RO 22% 29% 32% 476 SI 28% 6% 25% 30 SK 15% 7% 34% 92 FI 30% 63% 38% 95 SE 31% 39% 39% 98 UK 15% 35% 28% 433 EU 25% 33% 36% IS 25% - 55% 7 NO 19% - 44%

15 Manoeuvre type Table 8 shows the fatalities that occurred in single vehicle accidents by manoeuvre type inside/outside urban areas in The vehicle manoeuvre most frequently associated with single vehicle accident fatalities is driving straight ahead for both types of area (inside and outside urban areas). It is noted though that 71% (inside urban area) and 65% (outside urban area) of the single accident fatalities by manoeuvre type are not defined. Table 8: Total number and distribution of single vehicle accident fatalities by country, area and manoeuvre type, 2013 or latest available year Inside urban area Outside urban area The vehicle manoeuvre most frequently associated with single vehicle accident fatalities is driving straight ahead. over-taking stopped / stopping straight ahead turning / u turn other / not defined Total BE 3% 0% 25% 2% 70% 6% 0% 13% 1% 80% 309 BG 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 358 CZ 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 211 DK 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 98% 0% 2% 56 DE 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 987 EE 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 32 IE EL 1% 0% 49% 9% 41% 1% 1% 42% 10% 46% 381 ES 0% 7% 64% 2% 28% 4% 1% 91% 2% 2% 575 FR 1% 1% 57% 19% 22% 2% 0% 56% 31% 11% HR 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 128 IT 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% CY LV 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 49 LT LU 0% 0% 33% 0% 67% 7% 0% 29% 0% 64% 17 HU 3% 0% 83% 13% 3% 4% 0% 89% 7% 0% 130 MT 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% NL 0% 0% 81% 11% 9% 0% 0% 92% 0% 8% 149 AT 0% 0% 7% 10% 83% 3% 0% 16% 1% 80% 148 PL 1% 0% 0% 1% 98% 2% 0% 0% 0% 98% 858 PT 0% 1% 91% 1% 8% 2% 0% 90% 1% 7% 233 RO 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 476 SI 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 30 SK 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 92 FI 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 95 SE 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 98 UK 2% 0% 70% 0% 27% 2% 1% 49% 0% 48% 433 EU 1% 0% 24% 4% 71% 1% 0% 27% 5% 65% IS 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 83% 0% 17% 7 NO 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 75 over-taking stopped / stopping straight ahead turning / u turn Other / not defined

16 Lighting Conditions Table 9 shows the distribution of single vehicle accident fatalities by light conditions in % of the single vehicle accident fatalities occurred in darkness, whilst 51% occurred in daylight or twilight. In 2013, 33% of the single vehicle accident fatalities in EU occurred in darkness. Table 9: Total number and distribution of single vehicle accident fatalities by country and lighting conditions, 2013 or latest available year darkness daylight or twilight not defined Total BE 40% 46% 13% 309 BG 44% 56% 0% 358 CZ 36% 64% 0% 211 DK 39% 61% 0% 56 DE 32% 68% 0% 987 EE 56% 44% 0% 32 IE EL 45% 55% 0% 381 ES 35% 65% 0% 575 FR 45% 55% 0% HR 40% 60% 0% 128 IT 0% 0% 100% CY LV 31% 69% 0% 49 LT LU 24% 76% 0% 17 HU 40% 60% 0% 130 MT 57% 29% 14% 7 NL 0% 0% 100% 149 AT 39% 61% 0% 148 PL 37% 63% 0% 858 PT 38% 62% 0% 233 RO 40% 60% 0% 476 SI 0% 0% 100% 30 SK 42% 57% 1% 92 FI 26% 74% 0% 95 SE 27% 64% 9% 98 UK 50% 50% 0% 433 EU 33% 51% 16% IS 14% 86% 0% 7 NO 27% 68% 5% 75 In Figure 8, the percentage of single vehicle accident fatalities per total road fatalities by light conditions is presented. In 2013, more than one third of the fatalities that occurred in darkness, concerned single vehicle accidents (34,6%)

17 Figure 8: Percentage of single vehicle accident fatalities of all road fatalities, by light condition, EU, 2013 or latest available year Sunday is the day of the week when most single vehicle accident fatalities are recorded (22%). Day of the week and Time of the day Figure 9 shows the number of fatalities that occurred in single vehicle accidents and in total accidents in the EU countries in % of all single vehicle accident fatalities occurred between 06:00 and 20:59 in the EU countries in Sunday is the day of the week when the highest number of single vehicle accident fatalities occurred (22%). Figure 9: Number of single vehicle accident fatalities and all road fatalities by day of the week and time of the day, EU, 2013 or latest available year

18 Seasonality Table 10 shows the percentage of single vehicle accident fatalities through the year, using pair of months for The peak months of single vehicle accident fatalities for most of the countries are July/August. Table 10: Total number and distribution of single vehicle accident fatalities by country and month, 2013 or latest available year Jan/Feb Mar/Apr May/Jun Jul/Aug Sep/Oct Nov/Dec Total BE 12% 21% 14% 17% 17% 19% 309 BG 11% 15% 22% 21% 17% 14% 358 CZ 10% 15% 17% 25% 18% 14% 211 DK 13% 5% 18% 27% 23% 14% 56 DE 11% 14% 19% 24% 19% 13% 987 EE 16% 13% 13% 41% 16% 3% 32 IE EL 12% 13% 17% 22% 20% 15% 381 ES 15% 14% 17% 21% 16% 17% 575 FR 15% 13% 18% 21% 17% 17% HR 6% 9% 23% 27% 21% 15% 128 IT 14% 16% 20% 18% 17% 14% CY LV 10% 8% 24% 35% 10% 12% 49 LT LU 0% 12% 24% 24% 18% 24% 17 HU 8% 16% 14% 31% 17% 15% 130 MT 14% 29% 29% 14% 0% 14% 7 NL 10% 19% 14% 17% 23% 17% 149 AT 9% 11% 20% 26% 17% 18% 148 PL 10% 14% 19% 23% 21% 13% 858 PT 17% 12% 16% 19% 18% 18% 233 RO 10% 13% 14% 23% 19% 21% 476 SI 10% 10% 27% 7% 37% 10% 30 SK 8% 15% 18% 18% 24% 16% 92 FI 4% 13% 26% 33% 8% 16% 95 SE 6% 11% 24% 30% 12% 16% 98 UK 13% 14% 20% 19% 18% 16% 433 EU 12,1% 13,9% 18,5% 21,9% 18,0% 15,6% IS 0% 29% 14% 29% 14% 14% 7 NO 9% 12% 16% 27% 24% 12% 75 In most of the EU countries, the peak for single vehicle accident fatalities occurred in July/August and May/June, while for the Netherlands, Slovenia and Slovakia the peak occurred in September/October. Fewer single vehicle accident fatalities occurred in January/February (12%) and March/ April (14%) in the EU

19 Figure 10 displays the percentage of fatalities that occurred in single vehicle accidents per month in the EU countries. Almost 35% of the fatalities in May and June respectively occurred in single vehicle accidents, while the lowest proportion occurred in December (28%). Only 28% of the fatalities recorded in December occurred in single vehicle accidents. Figure 10: Percentage of single vehicle accident fatalities of all road fatalities by month, EU, 2013 or latest available year

20 Weather conditions Table 11 displays the fatalities in single vehicle accidents by weather conditions. The highest percentage of single vehicle accident fatalities is observed in dry weather (72%). Table 11: Total number and distribution of single vehicle accident fatalities by country and weather conditions, 2013 or latest available year dry rain other snow not defined Total BE 62% 10% 6% - 22% 309 BG 90% 6% 3% - 0% 358 CZ 81% 13% 5% 1% DK 82% 9% 5% - 4% 56 DE - - 1% - 99% 987 EE 91% 9% - - 0% 32 IE EL 90% 9% 2% ES 86% 8% 6% 0% FR 80% 13% 6% - 0% HR 87% 10% 3% 0% IT 78% 10% 12% 1% CY LV 86% 8% 2% 4% - 49 LT LU 82% 12% 6% 0% - 17 HU 95% 4% 1% 1% MT 71% - 14% - 14% 7 NL 79% 13% 1% 4% 4% 149 AT 87% 6% 3% 4% PL 84% 10% 4% 3% PT 76% 23% 1% - 0% 233 RO 89% 5% 4% 2% SI 83% 10% 3% 3% - 30 SK 86% 10% 1% 2% 1% 92 FI 78% 8% 1% 1% 12% 95 SE 77% 12% 1% 1% 9% 98 UK 81% 12% 4% 2% 1% 433 EU 72,1% 9,0% 4,8% 0,9% 13,3% IS 86% 0% 0% - 14% 7 NO 56% 13% 24% 3% 4% 75 Table 11 shows that the great majority of single vehicle accident fatalities in the EU countries occurred when the weather was dry (72%), while the percentage in snow was least (0,9%)

21 Table 12 indicates that in the EU countries, 24% of the fatalities that occurred in snow involved a single vehicle, compared with 31% for rainy weather. 24% of the fatalities that occurred in snow involved a single vehicle in the EU. Table 12: Total number of single vehicle accident fatalities and percentage of all road fatalities by country and weather conditions, 2013 or latest available year dry rain other snow not defined Total BE 38% 58% 55% - 53% 309 BG 41% 25% 48% CZ 31% 44% 40% DK 27% 38% 75% - 67% 56 DE % - 30% 987 EE 36% 30% 0% - 0% 32 IE EL 43% 49% 33% ES 34% 31% 36% 0% FR 36% 35% 48% - 0% HR 36% 29% 67% 0% IT 32% 30% 37% 26% CY LV 27% 25% 50% 40% - 49 LT LU 35% 67% 50% HU 23% 15% 7% 10% MT 56% - 100% - 33% 7 NL 29% 50% 50% 75% 33% 149 AT 33% 24% 40% 40% PL 26% 23% 31% 22% PT 35% 44% 29% - 0% 233 RO 26% 16% 40% 33% SI 23% 21% 100% 33% - 30 SK 27% 19% 7% 13% 33% 92 FI 38% 33% 17% 10% 52% 95 SE 36% 55% 13% 9% 82% 98 UK 24% 27% 24% 35% 30% 433 EU 31,3% 31,1% 36,1% 24,1% 31,0% IS 60% 0% 0% - 100% 7 NO 48% 48% 33% 25% 20%

22 Junction Table 13 displays the fatalities in single vehicle accidents by junction. It is noticed that the highest number of fatalities is recorded at no junction areas (corresponding to 91% of the single vehicle accident fatalities in the EU countries). The highest number of single vehicle fatalities is recorded at no junction areas. Table 13: Total number and distribution of single vehicle accident fatalities by country and junction, 2013 or latest available year junction no junction not defined Total BE 12% 88% 0% 309 BG 2% 98% 0% 358 CZ 10% 90% 0% 211 DK 5% 95% 0% 56 DE 0% 94% 6% 987 EE 19% 75% 6% 32 IE EL 0% 93% 7% 381 ES 10% 90% 0% 575 FR 5% 95% 0% HR 8% 91% 1% 128 IT 8% 92% 0% CY LV 8% 92% 0% 49 LT LU 0% 100% 0% 17 HU 9% 91% 0% 130 MT 0% 0% 100% 7 NL 13% 87% 0% 149 AT 2% 98% 0% 148 PL 5% 95% 0% 858 PT 9% 90% 1% 233 RO 5% 95% 0% 476 SI 3% 97% 0% 30 SK 2% 97% 1% 92 FI 0% 93% 7% 95 SE 0% 0% 100% 98 UK 22% 78% 0% 433 EU 6,3% 91,3% 2,5% IS 14% 86% 0% 7 NO 0% 0% 100% 75 Figure 11 presents the percentage of fatalities that occurred in single vehicle accidents at and not at a junction in the EU. 35,6% of the fatalities that occurred at no junction area involved a single vehicle, compared with 12,8% at a junction

23 Figure 11: Percentage of single vehicle accident fatalities of all road fatalities by junction, EU, 2013 or latest available year Accident Causation During the EC SafetyNet project, in-depth data were collected using a common methodology for samples of accidents that occurred in Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Finland, Sweden and the UK. The SafetyNet Accident Causation Database was formed between 2005 and 2008, and contains details of accidents covering all injury severities. A detailed process for recording causation (SafetyNet Accident Causation System SNACS) attributes one specific critical event to each driver, rider or pedestrian. Links then form chains between the critical event and the causes that led to it. For example, the critical event of late action could be linked to the cause observation missed, which was a consequence of fatigue, itself a consequence of an extensive driving spell. In the database, 26% (263) of the accidents involve just one vehicle (no pedestrian). Male drivers/riders account for 77% of this group and 73% are drivers of passenger cars, 11% are PTW riders and 10% are HGV drivers. Figure 12 compares the distribution of specific critical events for drivers/riders in single vehicle accidents against the distribution in multiple vehicle accidents (no pedestrian accidents)

24 Figure 12: Distribution of specific critical events drivers/riders in single vehicle and multiple vehicle accidents Incorrect direction (includes leaving road) Surplus speed Surplus force (excess acceleration or braking) No action Specific Critical Event Late action Shortened distance (road user(s)/environment too close) Prolonged action/movement (continued on too long) Prolonged distance (action/movement taken too far) Premature action (initiated too early) Insufficient speed Other single vehicle acc drivers/riders n=263 multiple vehicle acc drivers/riders n=1356 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% Proportion of drivers/riders Source: SafetyNet Accident Causation Database 2005 to 2008 / EC Date of query: 2010 N=1619 The distributions are very different for all the most often recorded specific critical events. In single vehicle accidents, incorrect direction and surplus speed are dominant, followed by surplus force (excess acceleration or braking). Surplus speed describes speed that is too high for the conditions or manoeuvre being carried out, or travelling above the speed limit. Incorrect direction refers to a manoeuvre being carried out in the wrong direction (for example, turning left instead of right) or leaving the road (not following the intended path of the road). Loss of control type accidents can fall into any of these critical events depending on the specific situation. The timing events (no action, premature action and late action) feature in high numbers for drivers/riders in multiple vehicle accidents as they often refer to interactions between road users (for example, initiating movement at a junction too early) or taking no action in a required time frame in relation to another road user. Table 14 gives the most frequent links between causes for drivers or riders in single vehicle accidents. There are 361 such links in total

25 Table 14: Ten most frequent links between causes drivers/riders in single vehicle accidents Links between causes Frequency Inadequate plan - Under the influence of substances 35 Inadequate plan - Insufficient knowledge 32 Inadequate plan - Psychological stress 24 Information failure (driver/environment or driver/vehicle) State of road 24 Faulty diagnosis - Information failure (driver/environment or driver/vehicle) 21 Observation missed - Fatigue 20 Inadequate plan - Fatigue 16 Observation missed - Distraction 13 Inadequate plan - Distraction 12 Observation missed - Under the influence of substances 11 Others 153 Total 361 Source: SafetyNet Accident Causation Database 2005 to 2008/ EC Date of query: % of the links between causes are observed to be between inadequate plan and under the influence of substances. Inadequate plan is by far the most frequently recorded cause and describes a lack of all the required details or that the driver s/rider s ideas do not correspond to reality. It is linked to impairment (substances, psychological stress and fatigue), insufficient knowledge and distraction. Except for stress, the same links can also be seen for observation missed. State of the road refers to its current road-holding characteristics, and low friction due to ice or oil or dirt is sometimes not obvious, leading to information failure. Faulty diagnosis is an incorrect or incomplete understanding of road conditions or another road user s actions and is linked with information failure (for example, a driver/rider thinking the road was straight, when in fact a bend was approaching)

26 Notes 1. Country abbreviations Belgium BE Italy IT Romania RO Bulgaria BG Cyprus CY Slovenia SI Czech Republic CZ Latvia LV Slovakia SK Denmark DK Lithuania LT Finland FI Germany DE Luxembourg LU Sweden SE Estonia EE Hungary HU United Kingdom UK Ireland IE Malta MT Greece EL Netherlands NL Iceland IS Spain ES Austria AT Liechtenstein LI France FR Poland PL Norway NO Croatia HR Portugal PT Switzerland CH 2. Sources: CARE (Community database on road accidents) The full glossary of definitions of variables used in this Report is available at: 3. Data available in May Data refer to 2013 and when not available the latest available data are used (2009 data for BG and EE, 2010 data for MT and SK, and 2012 data for IE). Totals and related average percentages for EU also include latest available data. 5. Data for Ireland, Lithuania and Cyprus not included in the totals. 6. Data for 2013 for Italy have been modified after the publication of the 2015 edition of Traffic Safety Basic Facts. 7. This 2015 edition of Traffic Safety Basic Facts updates the previous versions produced within the EU co-funded research projects SafetyNet and DaCoTA. 8. Disclaimer This report has been produced by the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), the Austrian Road Safety Board (KFV) and the European Union Road Federation (ERF) under a contract with the European Commission. Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the matter presented in this report is relevant, accurate and up-to-date, the Partners cannot accept any liability for any error or omission, or reliance on part or all of the content in another context. Any information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission. The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission s behalf may be held responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained therein. 9. Please refer to this Report as follows: European Commission, Traffic Safety Basic Facts on Single Vehicle Accidents, European Commission, Directorate General for Transport, June

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