Elekter päikesest Eestis aastal Andri Jagomägi, Ph.D. Tallinna Tehnikaülikool Materjaliteaduse Instituut

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1 Elekter päikesest Eestis aastal Andri Jagomägi, Ph.D. Tallinna Tehnikaülikool Materjaliteaduse Instituut

2 Küsitlus Milline peaks olema päikesest elektrit toova süsteemi tasuvusaeg aastates, et Te teeksite positiivse investeerimisotsuse? Omavalitsuse juhina Eraisikuna

3 Teemad Eesti kiirguskliima Päikesepaneelid Päikeseelektri süsteem Tootlikkus Eesti kliimas Päikeseelektri hind

4 TTÜ päikesepaneelide testimise labor

5 Päikesekiirguse hulk Euroopas optimaalse kaldenurgaga pinnal 10/11/2011

6 Päikesekiirgus hulk Eestis optimaalse kaldenurgaga pinnal 10/11/2011

7 Kiirgushulk (kwh/m 2 ) Päikesekiirgus 48⁰ kaldenurgaga pinnal Tallinnas Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2007 Kokku 1134kWh/m Kokku 1091kWh/m2 10/11/ Kokku 1174kWh/m2

8 Optimaalne kaldenurk Eestis 10/11/2011

9 Päikesepaneelid ehk moodulid Materjal Efektiivsus* (%) Kristalne räni Amorfne räni 5-7 μc-si 9 CIGS 6-12 CdTe 9-11 HIT 19 *Standardsed tingimused: mooduli temperatuur 25C, kiirgus 1000W/m2, spekter 1.5AM

10 Võrku ühendatud süsteem PV Inverter Arvesti Võrk Tarbijad

11 Autonoomne süsteem PV Inverter Arvesti Laadimiskontroller Akud Tarbijad

12 Paneeli tootlikkuse olulisemad mõjutegurid Paneeli temperatuur Kiirgushulk Päikese spekter Sesoonsed efektid Päikesekiirguse langemisnurk

13 Reaalne efektiivsus/nominaalne efektiivsus Erinevat tüüpi moodulite efektiivsuse varieeruvus (TTÜ ) pc-si a-si

14 mõõdetud võimsus/ nominaalne võimsus Erinevate moodulite võimsuste temperatuursõltuvused G = 1000 W/m 2 mõõdetud TTÜs μc-si mc-si CdTe Mooduli temperatuur (C)

15 Mooduli/süsteemi hüvetegur PR PV energia (kwh) Päikese energia (kwh) 1kW Süsteemi võimsus (kw) Ideaalne süsteem PR = 1 Reaalne süsteem PR < 1 Moodulite valik, varjud, moodulite erinevus, temperatuur, inverteri efektiivsus,kaod kaablites, süsteemi topoloogia 10/11/2011

16 1j a-si 1j a-si 3j a-si 3j a-si a-si/uc-si tandem CuInS2 CuInS2 mc-si pc-si mc-si/a-si HIT pc-si Päikesepaneelide hüvetegur 0.95 Mõõdetud TTÜs

17 Inverteri efektiivsus

18 Süsteemi tootlikkus Eesti kliimas Keskmiselt päikeseenergiat aastas 1120 kwh/m 2 Paneelide hüvetegur Inverteri hüvetegur 0.95 Süsteemi keskmine hüvetegur 0.8 Fikseeritud PV süsteemi tootlikkus kwh/kwp Iga installeritud fotoelektrilise paneeli kw annab keskmiselt 890 kwh elektrienergiat aastas Tootlikkust vähendavad: varjud, paneelide erinevus, paneelide jahutusrežhiim, süsteemi topoloogia, kaod kaablites, lumi või tolm paneelidel Igal aasatal langeb süsteemi efektiivsus 1% esialgsest

19 Tootlikkus kwh/kwp) Süsteemi tootlikkus kwh/kwp, c-si /11/2011

20 Kui suur süsteem? Iga installeritud fotoelektrilise paneeli kw annab 890 kwh elektrienergiat aastas Näiteks aastane eramaja tarbimine 4000 kwh Süsteemi suurus 4.5 kwp Pindala 30 m 2 (paneeli eff. 15%) Hind EUR/kWp (sisaldab KM) Investeering EUR (sisaldab KM)

21 Kui suur süsteem? Iga installeritud fotoelektrilise paneeli kw annab 890 kwh elektrienergiat aastas Näiteks aastane KOV hoone tarbimine kwh Süsteemi suurus kwp Pindala 750 m 2 (paneeli eff. 15%) Hind EUR/kWp (sisaldab KM) Investeering EUR (sisaldab KM)

22 Tasandatud elektri hind Süsteemi suurus 110 kwp Ühiku hind EUR/kWp Hind kokku EUR Milline on päikeseelektri hind? Toetused?

23 Rohelise energia toetus kohalikele omavalitsustele KIK Keskkonnaprogramm aamid/finantseerimise-kord.html 4.9 Päikese- ja tuuleenergial ning soojuspumpadel põhinevate elektri- või küttesüsteemide ehitamisel peab omafinantseering olema vähemalt 50% projekti abikõlblike kulude maksumusest ja toetuse taotlejateks võivad olla ainult avalik-õiguslikud juriidilised isikud ja neile kuuluvad asutused.

24 Tasandatud elektri hind Periood Tootlus Toetuseta Toetus 50% aastad MWh /MWh /MWh Süsteemi suurus 110 kwp Ühiku hind EUR/kWp Hind kokku EUR KIK toetus KOV 50%

25 EUR/kWh Tasandatud elektri hind Päikeseelektri hind Eestis aastal 2012 Toetuseta /kwh Toetus 50% /kwh Aastad alates süsteemi installeerimisest

26 Kokkuvõte Sobivam paigutus PV paneelidel on lõuna suund, kalle 42⁰ Kiirgushulk Eestis optimaalselt orienteeritud pinnal aastas 1120 kwh/m 2 Iga installeritud fotoelektrilise paneeli kw annab 890 kwh elektrienergiat aastas Turuhind 2012.a veebruaris EUR/kWp Kasutades toetust 50% on tasuvusaeg võrreldes elektri hinda (0.11 EUR/kWh) 11 aastat. Toetust kasutamata on tasuvusaeg samadel tingimustel 23 aastat Süsteemi tootlikkus sõltub suurel määral komponentide valikust, installeerimise nurgast ning süsteemi topoloogiast

27 Tänan tähelepanu eest!

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