GENERAL OVERVIEW OF HIGH-SPEED IN EUROPE
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1 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF HIGH-SPEED IN EUROPE Prof. Dr. Eng. Andrés López Pita CENIT TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CATALONIA (SPAIN) PARIS, 19 JUNE 2006
2 CONVENTIONAL LINES
3 OPTIONS FOR INCREASING THE RUNNING SPEED OF TRAINS ON CURVES 1. INCREASE THE CANT OF THE TRACK. 2. IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF THE TRACK GEOMETRY. USING TILTING TRAINS RECTIFY THE PROFILE NEW LINES Source: A. López Pita
4 THE INFLUENCE OF THE TILTING TRAINS ON THE REDUCTION IN JOURNEY TIME PASSIVE 8 to 10% ASSISTED 12 to 14%
5 THE THEORETICAL INFLUENCE OF THE VEHICLES WITH A TILTING BODY CITY A 600 km CITY B X X CONVENTIONAL TRAIN» 6h 30 TALGO TRAIN» 6 h ASSISTED TILTING» 5 h 40 THE INFLUENCE ON THE DEMAND FOR RAIL TRAFFIC?
6 CENIT AVERAGE DISTANCES BY MODES OF TRANSPORT CITY A RAIL X X RAIL (X + 151) ROAD ROAD X AIR X (X + 100) X CITY B Source: A. López Pita (1994) AIR X (km)
7 CENIT TECHNOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF ROAD AND AIR TRANSPORT REFERENCE TECHNOLOGICAL EVOLUTION JOURNEY TIME D» 500 km (1) (2) (1) (2) NATIONAL ROADS (1 X 1) MOTROWAYS (1935) (2X2 or 3X3) 7h 5h (3) (4) (3) (4) TURBOPROP JETS COMMUTERS INSTRUMENT LANDING 1h 25 1h SYSTEM (ILS) (1950/1960) Source: A. López Pita (2006)
8 CENIT AIR 401 km PARÍS ROAD 456 km LYON CONVENTIONAL RAIL 514 km HIGH-SPEED RAIL 427 km Source: Hachette/A. López Pita (2006)
9 THE THE MODAL DISTRIBUTION OF OF PASSENGER TRAFFIC ON ON THE THE PARIS LYON SERVICE (1963 to to1976) MODE OF TRANSPORT PREDICTION 1976 RAIL SERVICES 4h (128 km/h) 4h (128 km/h) 3h 45 (137 km/h) RAIL 65% 48% 25% AIR 7% 20% 39% ROAD 28% 32% 36% Source: Adapted from WALRAVE (1970) CENIT
10 THE ESTIMATE OF THE COMMERCIAL INCIDENCE OF A NEW HIGH-SPEED BETWEEN PARIS AND LYON YEAR WITHOUT NEW LINE WITH NEW LINE MARKET SHARE OF THE RAIL 65% 48% 25% 58% COMMERCIAL SPEED (km/h) Source: Adapted from Walrave (1970)
11 CONVENTIONAL LINE PARIS LYON: OCCUPATION LEVEL ST. FLORENTÍN DIJON
12 TEST JOURNEYS CARRIED OUT BY SNCF HIGH-SPEEDS (1960 to to1978) TOTAL NUMBER OF HIGH-SPEEDS TEST Speed (km/h) 220 to to to to 1978 Source: SNCF/A. LÓPEZ PITA (2004) CENIT
13 THE TGV PARIS - LYON
14 HIGH-SPEED LINE PARIS - LYON * 260/270 km/h NUM. OF PASSENGERS (10 6 ) 1,2 9,2 13, YEAR
15 FIRTS CONVENTIONAL RAIL LINES 159 KM 23 YEARS STOCKTON-DARLINGTON 1825 BRUSELAS- MALINAS 1835 (+ 10) BARCELONA- MATARO 1848 (+ 23) ST. ETIENNE LYON 1832 (+ 7) Source. A. López Pita (2004) NUREMBURG - FÜRTH 1835 (+ 10) NAPOLI PORTICI 1839 (+ 14) SEVILLA HIGH-SPEED LINES 1800 KM LONDRES CANAL 1983 PARIS LYON MADRID 1992 (+9) 2003 (+ 20) 1º FASE BRUSELAS 20 YEARS 1998 (+ 10) HANNOVER WÜRZBURG 1991 (+ 8) ROMA NAPOLI 1992 (+ 9) CENIT
16 THE HIGH-SPEED NETWORK IN IN 2006 Operation (3.800 km) Works
17 CENIT ESTIMATION OF RESOURCES AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES LINKED TO HIGH SPEED RAIL DEVELOPMENT World investment in HSR infrastructures Costs related to the project Global infrastructures investment M M Lines in service Lines under construction Lines in project M (8.570 Km) M (6.240 Km) M (3.040 Km) Infrastructure Superstructure ( M ) Track Electrification Safety & segnalling equipment Cost related to the rolling stock < M M M M M
18 A NATIONAL SERVICES FRANKFURT P PARÍS 3h 60% F M 53% 3h 30 MUNICH M MARSELLA B INTERNATIONSL SERVICES S M MARKET SHARE MADRID 2h 30 85% SEVILLA AMSTERDAM LONDRES 45% 45% 61% 2h 35 1h 20 BRUSELAS 100% PARÍS RAIL-AIR Source: A. LÓPEZ PITA (2003) CENIT
19 CENIT 1 PASSENGER RAIL TRAFFIC IN MAIN CORRIDORS: 6/22 MILLIONS PASSENGERS/YEAR 2 MARKET SHARE OF THE RAIL: 40 / 90% Source: A. López Pita (2003)
20 JOURNEY TIME, FRECUENCY AND FARE LEVEL ON SOME HIGH-SPEED LINES PARAMETER SERVICE CONVENTIO- NAL LINE HIGH- SPEED LINE JOURNEY TIME PARIS LYON KÖLN FRANKFURT MADRID - SEVILLA 3h 45 2h 6h 2h 1h 2h 30 FRECUENCY * ONE WAY PARIS LYON MADRID - SEVILLA FARE LEVEL RAIL/AIR PARIS LYON KÖLN FRANKFURT MADRID - SEVILLA to 50% Lower * Firts year of operation Source: A. LÓPEZ PITA (2004) CENIT
21 CENIT ICE 3
22 CENIT TALGO 350
23 CENIT TGV DUPLEX
24 EVOLUTION OF COMMERCIAL RAILWAYS SPEEDS IN FRANCE MAXIMUM COMMERCIAL SPEED (km/h) PARÍS-LYON 204 PARÍS-MARSEILLE year
25 CENIT PUNCTUALITY COMMITMENT - IF AN AVE TRAIN ARRIVES MORE THAN FIVE MINUTES LATE, THE COMPANY UNDERTAKES TO REFUND THE FULL TICKET FARE PAID
26 CENIT REGIONAL TRAIN CONVENTIONAL
27 SNCF REGIONAL SERVICE ( ) + 1 Mpassengers RENFE + 2,4 Mpassengers CENIT
28 CENIT NEW HIGH-SPEED LINE HANNOVER- WÜRBURG: FREIGHT TRAFFIC HAMBURG 800 km (7h 40 ) MUNICH
29 MIXED TRAFFIC?
30 TRAINS WITH DIFERENT SPEED OF CIRCULATION TRAINS WITH THE SAME SPEED RAPID TRAINS FREIGHT TRAINS STATION B STATION B STATION A HOURS STATION A HOURS TRAINS WITH DIFERENT SPEED STATION B STATION B STATION A HOURS STATION A HOURS 1 FREIGHT TRAIN = 3 TGV TRAINS 1 FREIGHT TRAIN = 3 TGV TRAINS
31 FRANCE NUMBER OF TGV PER DAY BORDEAUX TOULOUSE 140 CONCLUSION: NEW LINES WERE DESIGNED FOR HIGH-SPEED PASSENGER TRAFFIC
32 HAMBURG 2 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION HIGH-SPEED LINE UPGRADEDLINES HANNOVER 0,70 10 Mhab KÖLN GERMANY FRANKFURT MANNHEIM KARLSRUHE BASEL 2,15 1,85 WÜRZBURG 0,13 STUTTGART Km/h ,4 MUNCHEN
33 YEAR NEW LINE PASSENGER TRAINS 250 km/h 200 km/h TOTAL FREIGHT TRAINS* 100/160 km/h TOTAL TRAFIC HANNOVER-WÜRBURG 2001 (KASSEL - FULDA) MANNHEIM-STUTGART * NUMBER OF TRAINS PER DAY CENIT
34 CENIT KOLN FRANKFURT CORRIDOR: NUMBER OF OF TOTAL PASSENGER PASSENGER PER YEAR (MILLION) 22 26, Year of Forecast CONCLUSION: LINE DEDICATED EXCLUSIVELY TO VERY HIGH-SPEED PASSENGER TRAFFIC
35 NEW LINES IN FRANCE FOR MIXED TRAFFIC MULHOUSE DIJON MAÇON LYON 50 TGV/DAY 75 FREIGHT TRAINS/DAY CENIT
36 CENIT PASSENGER TRAFFIC STUDY 2010/2020 (BILLION PASSENGER-KM) % YEAR
37 CENIT ROAD CONGESTION
38 AIR AIR TRAFFIC IN IN EUROPE: FLIGHTS PER PER YEAR MILLION FLIGHTS MILLION FLIGHTS MILLION FLIGHTS Source: EUROPEAN COMMISSION CENIT
39 CENIT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF AN HIGH-SPEED LINE UNDER CONSTRUCTION INTERMEDIATE STAGE PARIS LYON LINE Source: A. LÓPEZ PITA/SNCF/ La Vie du Rail LINE OPEN TO COMMERCIAL SERVICE
40 HANNOVER WÜRZBURG LINE CENIT UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN COMMERCIAL SERVICE Source: DBAG KOLN FRANKFURT LINE
41 CENIT LAND USE: KOLN FRANKFURT NEW LINE AND MOTORWAY A3 10 Hectares/km 6 Hectares/km Source. DBAG
42 CENIT Kg AIR POLLUTION : CARBON DIOXIDE HAMBURG - MUNICH AIRBUS PRIVATE CAR ICE 2 36,2 109,2 111,4 DIFFERENT TRANSPORT MODES Source: DB (1995)
43 1979 ICE MELTING 2003 Source: Science et Vie (2004)
44 ENERGY CONSUMPTION PER TRANSPORT MODE ON HAMBURG MUNICH ROUTE MODE LITRES OF DISTANCE OCCUPATION OF TRANSPORT (Km) LEVEL FUEL RAILWAY (ICE) % 21,15 PLANE % 47,50 Source: DBAG
45 THE HIGH-SPEED TRAIN BOTH COMPETES WITH AND COMPLEMENTS AIR TRANSPORT CENIT
46 CENIT TGV TERMINAL AT AT CHARLES DE GAULLE AIRPORT TGV LINE
47 CENIT
48 CENIT HIGH-SPEED LINES AT SOME EUROPEAN AIRPORTS 44 TRAINS/YOUR 84 TRAINS/YOUR AMSTERDAM FRANKFURT 14 TRAINS/YOUR 75 TRAINS/YOUR LYON Source: A. LÓPEZ PITA (2003) ZURICH
49 THE THE RAILWAYS RAILWAYS CONTRIBUTION CONTRIBUTION TO TO LIBERALISING LIBERALISING SLOTS SLOTS AT AT SOME SOME EUROPEAN EUROPEAN AIRPORTS AIRPORTS BENELUX slots PARIS slots FRANKFURT slots 0,08 X LONDON-AMSTERDAM 0,02 X (X 4) MADRID-FRANFURT CENIT ENVIRONNMETAL ENVIRONNMETAL COST COST PER PER PASSENGER/KM PASSENGER/KM (1995 (1995 ECU) ECU) DISTANCE ( km) ACQUISITION COSTS COSTS FOR FOR HIGH-SPEED TRAINS AND AND JET JET PLANES FOR FOR MEDIUM DISTANCES TYPE OF MATERIAL HIGH-SPEED TRAINS SEATS 300 to 600 AVERAGE COST PER SEAT (thousands of euros) 36 to 45 JETS A 320, B757 Source. A. López Pita (2004) 150 to to 296
50 CENIT 1. ACCESIBILITY TO THE MAIN AIRPORTS DISTANCE 170 KM Source. A. López Pita (2004)
51 CENIT 2. THE TRAIN AND THE PLANE ARE COMPLEMENTARY MADRID BARCELONA Source. A. López Pita (2004)
52 CENIT 3. TRAIN + AEROPLANE INTERMODALITY SAN FRANCISCO BRUSELAS PARIS Source. A. López Pita (2004)
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