LDV Real Driving Emissions: - Data Evaluation Method(s): Contribution to (Possible) additional elements -

Transcription

1 LDV Real Driving Emissions: - Data Evaluation Method(s): Contribution to (Possible) additional elements - RDE DE Task Force Meeting, March 20, 2014 Theodoros Vlachos, Martin Weiss, Pierre Bonnel - European Commission DG - Joint Research Centre (JRC) - IET - Institute for Energy and Transport

2 Outline Fine-tuning of CO2 characteristic curve Driving Dynamics indicators Additional backup elements Implementation?

3 Basic Principles The CO2 emissions (or the energy consumption) of the vehicles provide the main reference for normal testing. The MAW CO2 (or energy consumption) is checked against the reference. The reference is not constant. EMROAD adopts a simple CO2 vs. average speed-based model. The reference curve is built from agreed and well defined reference testing situations: currently the phases of the WLTP cycle

4 Other considerations How much does the PEMS equipment (mass, aerodynamic modifications) influences the CO2 emissions of the vehicle? Do the proposed reference situations (WLTP phases) appropriately represent an average normal driving over the considered speed range?

5 Normality index Average distance of the MAWs to the reference curve Calculated for the normal windows (within Tolerance 1, currently ±25%) Calculated for the Urban/Rural/Motorway categories Normality index = 0 => All MAWs on the reference curve Normality index = 25 => All MAWs at 25% above the reference curve, etc..

6 MAW CO2 Emissions [g/km] Effect of routes upon MAW CO2 / Reference Vehicle 001 CO2_MODERATE CO2_NORMAL CO2_AGGRESSIVE T_CURVE T_CURVE_L1 T_CURVE_H1 WLTP_CO2 T_CURVE_L2 T_CURVE_H MAW Average Speed [km/h]

7 MAW CO2 Emissions [g/km] Effect of routes upon MAW CO2 / Reference Vehicle 002 CO2_NORMAL1 CO2_NORMAL2 T_CURVE T_CURVE_L1 T_CURVE_H1 WLTP_CO2 T_CURVE_L2 T_CURVE_H MAW Average Speed [km/h]

8 MAW CO2 Emissions [g/km] Effect of routes upon MAW CO2 / Reference Vehicle 005 CO2_MODERATE CO2_NORMAL CO2_AGGRESSIVE T_CURVE T_CURVE_L1 T_CURVE_H1 WLTP_CO2 T_CURVE_L2 T_CURVE_H MAW Average Speed [km/h]

9 MAW CO2 Emissions [g/km] Effect of routes upon MAW CO2 / Reference Current approach: Empirical fine tuning, i.e. optimization of CO2 reference curve (including mathematics and WLTP PEMS correction factors) for the normal routes and several vehicles Vehicle 005 CO2_MODERATE CO2_NORMAL CO2_AGGRESSIVE T_CURVE T_CURVE_L1 T_CURVE_H1 WLTP_CO2 T_CURVE_L2 T_CURVE_H MAW Average Speed [km/h]

10 Average Normality Index [%] Normality indices for different vehicles & routes Numerical example: normality indices for a bi-linear CO2 curve and WLTP correction factor of 1.2 for urban driving Vehicle_Route Urban Rural Motorway 001_Moderate _Normal _Aggressive _Normal _Normal _Normal _Normal _Moderate _Aggressive _Moderate _Normal _Aggressive Average Normality Index [%] Urban Motorway

11 CO2 Curve Fine-tuning (Current) Empirical Using the available data from different vehicles Optimizing the curve mathematics (2 types currently tested) Optimizing the empirical correction factors to minimize the normality indices Semi-empirical CO2 = f(m, v, a, F0, F1, F2) for each WLTP phase Extrapolation of the WLTP results using empirically calibrated equations: effect of PEMS mass (m > m+pems mass) or estimated CO2 at constant or high speeds

12 Outline Design and fine-tuning of CO2 characteristic curve Additional backup elements Implementation? Speed-acceleration indicators

13 Outline Driving Dynamics Indicator Vehicles Summary Vehicle 001 Vehicle 004 Vehicle 005

14 Acc. Indicator1 vs. Vehicles (1/3) URBAN Constant Speed driving

15 Acc. Indicator1 vs. Vehicles (2/3) RURAL Constant Speed driving

16 Acc. Indicator1 vs. Vehicles (3/3) MOTORWAY

17 Outline Driving Dynamics Indicator Vehicles Summary Vehicle 001 Vehicle 004 Vehicle 005

18 V001 Comparison of Driving Styles (1/3) Vehicle 001 CO 2 (MAW)vs.Veh. Speed (MAW) V001_WLTC: CO 2 (MAW) vs. Veh. Speed (MAW) V001_Moderate Driving: CO 2 (MAW) vs. Veh. Speed (MAW) V001_Normal Driving: CO 2 (MAW) vs. Veh. Speed (MAW) V001_Aggressive Driving: CO 2 (MAW) vs. Veh. Speed (MAW)

19 V001 Comparison of Driving Styles (2/3) Vehicle 001 Acc. Indicator1 (MAW) vs. Veh. Speed (MAW) V001_Moderate Driving V001_WLTC Vehicle Speed [km/h] V001_Normal Driving V001_Aggressive Driving

20 SUMMARY WLTC Low Speed Medium Speed High Speed Extra-high Speed Net Acceleration Delta RPA VEH 001 Acc. Indicator 2 Acc. Indicator 1 V001 Summary Vehicle 001 Summary: Net Acceleration Delta RPA SUMMARY MODERATE DRIVING SUMMARY NORMAL Driving SUMMARY AGGRESSIVE Driving Urban Rural Motorway Urban Rural Motorway Urban Rural Motorway Average Dev.St CP CP Min Max Max-Min Average Dev.St CP CP Min Max Max-Min

21 Outline Driving Dynamics Indicator Vehicles Summary Vehicle 001 Vehicle 004 Vehicle 005

22 V004 Comparison of Driving Styles (1/3) Vehicle 004 CO 2 (MAW)vs.Veh. Speed (MAW) V004_WLTC: CO 2 (MAW) vs. Veh. Speed (MAW) V004_Constant Speed Driving: CO 2 (MAW) vs. Veh. Speed (MAW) V004_Normal Driving: CO 2 (MAW) vs. Veh. Speed (MAW) V004_Aggressive Driving: CO 2 (MAW) vs. Veh. Speed (MAW)

23 V004 Comparison of Driving Styles (2/3) Vehicle 004 Acc. Indicator1 (MAW) vs. Veh. Speed (MAW) V004_WLTC V004_Constant Speed Driving Vehicle Speed [km/h] V004_Aggressive Driving V004_Normal Driving

24 V004 Comparison of Driving Styles (3/3) Vehicle 004 Delta RPA (MAW) vs. Veh. Speed (MAW) V004_WLTC V004_Constant Speed Driving Vehicle Speed [km/h] V004_Aggressive Driving V004_Normal Driving

25 SUMMARY WLTC Low Speed Medium Speed High Speed Extra-high Speed Net Acceleration Delta RPA VEH 004 Acc. Indicator 2 Acc. Indicator 1 V004 Summary Vehicle 004 Summary: Net Acceleration Delta RPA SUMMARY CONST. SPEED Driving SUMMARY NORMAL Driving SUMMARY AGGRESSIVE Driving Urban Rural Motorway Urban Rural Motorway Urban Rural Motorway Average Dev.St CP CP Min Max Max-Min Average Dev.St CP CP Min Max Max-Min

26 Outline Driving Dynamics Indicator Vehicles Summary Vehicle 001 Vehicle 004 Vehicle 005

27 V005 Comparison of Driving Styles (1/3) Vehicle 005 CO 2 (MAW)vs.Veh. Speed (MAW) V005_WLTC: CO 2 (MAW) vs. Veh. Speed (MAW) V005_Moderate Driving: CO 2 (MAW) vs. Veh. Speed (MAW) V005_Normal Driving: CO 2 (MAW) vs. Veh. Speed (MAW) V005_Aggressive Driving: CO 2 (MAW) vs. Veh. Speed (MAW)

28 V005 Comparison of Driving Styles (2/3) Vehicle 005 Acc. Indicator1 (MAW) vs. Veh. Speed (MAW) V005_WLTC V005_Moderate Driving Vehicle Speed [km/h] V005_Normal Driving V005_Aggressive Driving

29 SUMMARY WLTC Low Speed Medium Speed High Speed Extra-high Speed Net Acceleration Delta RPA VEH 005 Acc. Indicator 2 Acc. Indicator 1 V005 Summary Vehicle 005 Summary: Net Acceleration Delta RPA SUMMARY MODERATE DRIVING SUMMARY NORMAL Driving SUMMARY AGGRESSIVE DRIVING Urban Rural Motorway Urban Rural Motorway Urban Rural Motorway Average Dev.St CP CP Min Max Max-Min Average Dev.St CP CP Min Max Max-Min

30 V005 Comparison of Driving Styles (3/3) Vehicle 005 Acc. Indicator2 vs. Veh. Speed (MAW) V005_WLTC V005_Moderate Driving Vehicle Speed [km/h] V005_Normal Driving V005_Aggressive Driving

31 V001 Comparison of Driving Styles (3/3) Vehicle 001 Acc. Indicator2 vs Veh. Speed (MAW) V001_Moderate Driving V001_WLTC Vehicle Speed [km/h] V001_Aggressive Driving V001_Normal Driving