La Maison Z.E.N. the first French positive-energy-building. Construction principles. 5 years of monitoring

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1 La Maison Z.E.N the first French positive-energy-building Construction principles 5 years of monitoring Conférence du Bureau de coordination Energies Renouvelables Paris La Défense April 14th 2013 Alain Ricaud, Cythelia

Cythelia: fields and trades Solar in buildings: our goal since 1994 33 years of

Integration of PV in buildings: decentralized energy production, consumption on

Roofing / PVsubstitution Designer, Owner and prime contractor since 2006 BEPOS

N (Net Zero Energy) Energy Management Energy audit / AMO new Design and

(PPUR, Lausanne, 1997) Thin film modules (Techniques de l'ingénieur, 2004) Build

2 Cythelia: fields and trades Solar in buildings: our goal since years of expertise in photovoltaics: Consulting, Training, AMO, MOE, software ARCHELIOS Integration of PV in buildings: decentralized energy production, consumption on the site of production. Roofing / PVsubstitution Designer, Owner and prime contractor since 2006 BEPOS Concept Z.E.N (Net Zero Energy) Energy Management Energy audit / AMO new Design and Renovation thermal software ABATIA Coupling PAC / PV Publications Solar cells (PPUR, Lausanne, 1997) Thin film modules (Techniques de l'ingénieur, 2004) Build a positive energy house (Wiley, 2010) Environment and Sustainable City Guide (WEKA, 2011) Technical specifications Renewable Energy - June 2009 Thematic dossier RT June 2012 La Lettre du Solaire (since October 2000)

Our crazy heating system at the dawn of the XXI

umbilical cords, are 80% dependent on fossil and

3 Our crazy heating system at the dawn of the XXI century! France energy independence is only 12% GAZ Russia, Ukraine, Norway, Algeria Our buildings connected by umbilical cords, are 80% dependent on fossil and fissile imports! ELECTRICITY Uranium : Niger, USA, Canada, Khazakstan, PETROLEUM Russia, Norway, Saudi Arabia

4 Zero Energy Net Building: connected to the network, it produces over the year at least as much energy as it consumes Cythelia / Maison Z.E.N 4

5 Cythelia / Maison Z.E.N 5 Pose du KLH: 8 heures

6 Cythelia / Maison Z.E.N 6 Pose du KLH: 8 heures

7 Cythelia / Maison Z.E.N 7 Pose du KLH 8 heures!

8 Cythelia / Maison Z.E.N 8 Pose du KLH 8 heures!

9 Z.E.N approach: a holistic view Bioclimatic architecture: -8% Reinforced external insulation: -23 % Windows with triple glazing : -14 % Heating / Ventilation / Cooling / SHW: - 36 % Heat Pump on extracted air : -20 % Canadian well: - 5 % Heat pump air-water for heating and DHW: -11 % Energy efficiency: -10 % Energy sobriety : -9 % Consumption 2008 with 5 people : 36 kwh/m². year Final energy savings / RT 2005 : -100 kwh /m². year Cythelia / Maison Z.E.N 9

roof Saving on materials replaced: Between 30 and 100 / m² Reduced installation costs More favorable

10 CIS thin film modules 7% efficiency Integration and full coverage SOLRIF: 12 kwp Aesthetic reasons: No more problem with tiles / PV modules interfaces Uniform appearance over the whole surface of the roof Saving on materials replaced: Between 30 and 100 / m² Reduced installation costs More favorable rate in 2007: 60 c /kwh for integration 32 c /kwh for superimposed Cythelia / Maison Z.E.N 10

11 Roofing: full coverage on South (6 kw, prod 6600 kwh / year) and North (6 kw, prod 3300 kwh / year) Cythelia / Maison Z.E.N 11

12 Comparisons with standard construction RT2005: blocks, interior insulation, double glazing, nuclear electric heating. Cythelia / Maison Z.E.N 12 Final Energy standard: 137 kwh/m².year, ZEN: 36 ; MINERGIE: 58. Primary Energy standard: 329 kwh/m².y, ZEN : 36 ; PASSIVHAUS: 120. Consommation globale finale (kwh/m²/an) ECS Electricité spécifique Chauffage/ Climatisation/ Ventilation Standard Maison ZEN Minergie Consommation globale primaire (kwh/m²/an) ECS Electricité spécifique Chauffage/ Climatisation/ Ventilation Standard Maison ZEN Passiv Haus

13 Conclusion Z.E.N concept = a global approach. Minimizing consumption stems from a common sense approach. Putting together 7 new techniques: from 137 kwh / m². year final energy we went down to 36 kwh / m² all occupations (factor 4), better than the Swiss label "MINERGIE", which is 60 FE. Calculated in terms of primary energy, from 329 kwh / m². year, we went down to 36 kwh / m² (factor 9), better than the "PASSIVHAUS" German label which is 120 PE. We need to make these techniques more popular within the French market. Solar PV (6 k / year income) is amortized over 10 years. Energy efficiency and sobriety help to absorb the additional costs. Banks must take into account the notion of AGC in their loans Cythelia / Maison Z.E.N 13

14 Cythelia / Maison Z.E.N 14

15 Cythelia / Maison Z.E.N 15 Measured parameters Inverters Production DC/ AC Modules temperature Internal comfort temperature and hygrometry Global Irradiance Pyranometers Metering sockets and lighting Attic temperature Heat pumps COP system = P cond / P comp Meteo data Global irradiance reference module Water level

16 Solar production over 5 Years Cythelia / Maison Z.E.N 16

17 Consumption / Production kwh/m².y ( ) Cythelia / Maison Z.E.N 17

18 Cythelia / Maison Z.E.N 18 Monthly Consumption / Production (2009)

19 Detailed monthly consumptions Cythelia / Maison Z.E.N 19

20 Cythelia / Maison Z.E.N 20 Autoconsumption: winter / summer Autoconsumption: 25% Autoconsumption: 49%

21 Cythelia / Maison Z.E.N 21 Consumed power within a day Arrivée des salariés Cuisin e Départ des salariés

22 Cythelia / Maison Z.E.N 22 Integrated PV modules nominal operating temperature Integrated PV NOCT = 69 C instead of 50 C in the open field PV Roofs ventilation requires dramatic improvements

23 Modules efficiency as a function of irradiance showing their performance degradation Cythelia / Maison Z.E.N 23

24 AC Performance coeff of the CIS modules Cythelia / Maison Z.E.N 24

25 Cythelia / Maison Z.E.N 25 Canadian well From October 2008 to April 2009, the gain on the heat losses is 1030 kwh, 5 kwh / m²

26 Cythelia / Maison Z.E.N 26 Conclusion monitoring (1) Performance goals have been achieved (10,000 kwh / year over 5 years for a 200 m²house with an average of 10 occupants). Thermal comfort has been achieved both in winter and summer (rare moments of overheating on the first floor). Comparison with the detailed forecast is biased: house designedfor residential use, but tertiary actual usage. Planned ECS consumption and lighting are offset by the computers consumptions. Through monitoring end: demonstration of a specific degradationof thin film modules not grounded and operating temperatures of 70 C for the southern side that might significantly reduce their life-time. Monitoring of Heat Pumps was used to measure real "COP System" and identify malfunctions at the level of the double-flow thermodynamics.

27 Cythelia / Maison Z.E.N 27 Conclusion monitoring (2) Areas for improvement are: -The centralization of data within only one and same datalogger recognized and reliable - Data processing more automatic -Systematic information on the occupants of basic data consumption (keep the thermostats at 19 ). - Programming temperature settings (tertiary occupation) The feedback from the monitoring has been used in a second building of the same type (La Petite Maison ZEN), supporting our first AEDOMIAprototype, patented heating / ventilation / cooling / DHW derived from the program ANR PACairPV.

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