DATA REPORT. Sustainable Urban Transport Index (SUTI) for Asian Cities

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1 DATA REPORT Sustainable Urban Transport Index (SUTI) for Asian Cities Dr. Muhammad Nanang Prayudyanto Ahmad Faris Saffan Sunarya, MSc. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific Workshop on Sustainable Urban Transport Index Colombo, October 2017

2 Indonesia Greater Jakarta GRDP US$ mio Contribution to National: 18.48% Name of The City Area (Km2) Population (in million) Density (Pop/km2) Projection of 20 years Growth (%) JAKARTA (CITY) 662,33 10, ,9 0,86 BOGOR REGENCY 2997,13 5,1 1705,8 1,22 BEKASI REGENCY 1269,51 2, ,8 1,22 BOGOR (CITY) 111,73 1, ,9 1,49 BEKASI (CITY) 213,58 2, ,3 1,49 DEPOK (CITY) 199,44 1, ,5 1,49 TANGERANG REGENCY 1011,86 3, ,4 1,59 TANGERANG (CITY) 153,93 2, ,6 1,99 SOUTH TANGERANG SELATAN (CITY) 147,19 1, ,0 1,99 TOTAL 6766,7 30,1 Greater Jakarta

3 Population trend in Metropolitan core and sub-urban areas Seoul MA Total Seoul Core-area City Population, million Total M. Manila Core suburb Bangkok MR population, million Suburb 20 Metro Manila* population, million *Study Area of MMUTIS Decentralization of population? Total Core-area Suburb Jabotabek Total Suburb Core population, million

4 Sustainable Urban Transport Index Extent to which transport plans cover public transport, intermodal facilities and infrastructure for active modes Modal share of active and public transport in commuting Convenient access to public transport service Public transport quality and reliability Traffic fatalities per inhabitants Affordability travel costs as part of Income Operational costs of the public transport System Investment in public transportation systems. Air quality (pm10 concentration). Greenhouse gas emissions

5 INDICATOR 1 Extent to which transport plans cover public transport, intermodal facilities and infrastructure for active modes SCORE 1 CYCLING NETWORK 3 PUBLIC TRANSPORT 0 1 NO COVERAGE No goals -- No designation -- No budget LIMITED Vague goal -- Little designation seen in plans -- Small or unclear budget WALKING NETWORK 2 INTERMODAL TRANSFER FACILITIES MIDDLE Qualitative goals -- Some designation in 1-2 major areas/corridors -- Some budget EXTENSIVE Quantitative goals -- Much designation across city -- increased realistic budget 4 LEADING Ambitious goals -- Full designation across city - - Major secured new funding

6 I) WALKING NETWORKS II) CYCLING NETWORKS III) INTERMODAL TRANSFER FACILITIES IV) PUBLIC TRANSPORT Indicative Scoring Criteria for Greater Jakarta Score 0 No coverage No goals No designation No budget No goals No designation No budget No goals No designation No budget No goals No designation No budget 1 Limited Vague goal Little designation seen in plans Small or unclear budget Vague goal Little designation seen in plans Small or unclear budget Vague goal Little designation seen in plans Small or unclear budget Vague goal Little designation seen in plans Small or unclear budget 2 Middle Qualitative goals Some designation in 1-2 major areas/corridors Some budget Qualitative goals Some designation in 1-2 major areas/corridors Some budget Qualitative goals Some designation in 1-2 major areas/corridors Some budget Qualitative goals Some designation in 1-2 major areas/corridors Some budget 3 Extensive Quantitative goals Much designation across city increased realistic budget Quantitative goals Much designation across city Increased realistic budget Quantitative goals Much designation across city Increased realistic budget Quantitative goals Much designation across city Increased realistic budget 4 Leading Ambitious goals Full designation across city Major secured new funding Ambitious goals Full designation across city Major secured new funding Ambitious goals Full designation across city Major secured new funding Ambitious goals Full designation across city Major secured new funding

7 Walking Facilities Improvement 1. Walking Networks: KPI pedestrian access 2. Much designation (Jakarta, Kota Bekasi, Kota Bogor, Kota Tangerang, etc) 3. Budget: increased realistic budget

8 Pedestrian Facilities Construction and Campaign 80 km pedestrian facilities in DKI Jakarta has been constructed in km by Provincial and 56 km by Cities (5 Sub Provinces) Total budget: Rp. 412 bill. (± US$ 40 mio)

9 Cycling Network 1. Cycling Networks: MoT and MPW Regulations on Pedestrian Facilities 2. Some designation (Jakarta, Kota Bogor, Kota Tangerang, etc) 3. Budget: some budget

10 Intermodal Transfer Facilities Vending Machine at Railway Station Parking at Railway Station P&R at Bogor Commuter Railway Station 1. Intermodal Transfer: KPI Distance and location in station and terminals 2. Much designation (Commuter Railway Stations P&R, Electronic Payment, BRT shelters, etc) 3. Budget: increased realistic budget

11 Development of Mass Public Transport System in Greater Jakarta: 2017 : Airport Railway 2017 : Elevated BRT 13rd Corridor in Jakarta (Tendean Ciledug) : LRT Jabodetabek (Cawang Cibubur) and LRT DKI Jakarta (Gading Nias Velodrome) : LRT Jabodetabek (Cawang Bekasi Timur and Cawang Dukuh Atas) : MRT (Lebak Bulus Bundaran HI). Source: GJTA, 2017 Tunnel of Jakarta MRT LRT Jabodetabek Public Transport 1. Public Transport: RITJ, PTM, Permenhub 54/ Full designation across cities (Trans Jabodetabek, JR Connection, JA Co, LRT, MRT, Commuter, Long distance rail, Ferry 3. Budget: major secured new funding

12 INTEGRATED PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK FOR GREATER JAKARTA Source: GJTA, 2016

13 INDICATOR 2 Modal Share of Active and Public Transport in Commuting Mode Economic Status Daily Trips Share Mode Share Motorcycle person trips Lower income % Medium Income % 53% Private cars and motorcycle ownership grows inevitably as a natural effort by each individual to fulfill their mobility needs. Car person trips High Income % Lower income % Medium Income % 20% low parking prices and subsidized fuel costs have affected the people s decision to choose a private vehicle. Public transport person trips High Income % Lower income % Medium Income % High Income % 27% Total Trips % 100% Currently, Jakarta has two kinds of rapid transit system: Transjakarta BRT and Commuter Rail (KRL) The KRL train headway is less convenient than TransJakarta because its frequent service is only every 5-20 minutes per train Source: Japtrapis, 2012

14 Public Transport Masterplan Rail total : 159 km, 127 stations, 2 Operators 2 m trips/day 40% PT 60% LRT : 29 km, 43 stations Total PT Trips ~ 6 m/day 3.1 m trips/day 0.9 m trips/day Buses : 350 routes, 3700 buses, 4000 routekm, 2 Operators Taxis : 25,000 (7 Operators)

15 Public Transport Modal Share Source: Japtrapis (JICA-MoT, 2012) 15

16 INDICATOR 3 Convenient Access to Public Transport Service Districts Total Serviced Assumed Serviced Population Area Kota Jakarta Utara 95 1,221, Kota Jakarta Timur 156 2,456, Kota Jakarta Selatan 144 2,049, Kota Jakarta Barat 112 2,222, Kota Jakarta Pusat , Bogor , Kota Bogor , Kota Depok 93 1,062, Tangerang , Kota Tangerang 87 1,054, Kota Tangerang Selatan , Bekasi , Kota Bekasi 73 1,180, Total 15,308, Ratio to total Greater Jakarta population (%) 51%

17 INDICATOR 4 Public transport quality and reliability INDICATOR -4 INDICATOR -4 Source: Japtrapis, 2012 Source: GJTA Primary Survey, 2017

18 Source: GJTA Primary Survey, 2017

19 INDICATOR 5 Traffic fatalities per inhabitants INDICATOR -5 INDICATOR -5 Year No of Accidents Fatalities Seriously Material Loss Injured Injured (Rp. Mio) ,235 1,048 3,473 5,820 17, ,079 1,008 2,820 6,312 18, , ,938 6,153 21, , ,925 4,711 23, , , ,149 Source: Traffic Police, 2015 Fatalities by Mode fatalities 1,200 1, y = x R² = Fatalities Jakarta (Polda Metro as Jabodetabek minus Kab. Bogor and Kab. Tangerang) Car Bus Truck Motorcycle Statistical Bureau from Jakarta Metro Police (2015) No. of fatalities= 605. Population= 30 mio. Traffic Fatalities per = 605/( / )= 2.1

20 INDICATOR 6 Affordability travel costs as part of Income INDICATOR -6 INDICATOR -6 Average Daily Spending by Mode Bus : Rp. 30,271 (around $ 2.33) Private Car : Rp. 121,049 ($ 9.31) Taxi : Rp. 89,574 ($ 6.89) Rail : Rp. 30,712 ($ 2.36) Motor Cycle : Rp. 26,931 ($ 2.07) Average : Rp. 53,453 ($ 4.11) Monthly transport expenditure is $4.11x25 days= $ Greater Jakarta Transport Authority Survey, 2017 Average Monthly Income Jakarta : $ 14,727 West Java : $ 2,538 Banten : $ 3,115 Average : $ 6,793 Average monthly income: $ 566 Statistical Bureau, 2016 The transport cost from monthly income = $ / $ 566 = 18.2%.

21 INDICATOR -7 INDICATOR 7 Operational costs of the public transport System INDICATOR -7 The study from BPTJ (2017) from 29 routes of large buses in Greater Jakarta shows that : 6 routes of Trans Jakarta are subsidised by Jakarta govt. the tariff of Rp. 3,500 is under the operating cost of Rp. 11,000 9 routes operates by private that tariff is same as operation cost, mostly operate by PT. Mayasari Bhakti. The tariff is around Rp. 10,00-12, routes operated under lower level price ceiling. The routes connect Jakarta and the hinterlands but operated by private operators. The tariff is between Rp. 15,00-20,000 but operating cost between Rp. 30,000-35,000. From the calculation we find average fare box ratio is 55.44%.

22 INDICATOR 8 Investment in public transportation systems INDICATOR -8 INDICATOR -8 Public transport investment in Greater Jakarta has been constructed very intensive. The investment mostly spend on MRT lane construction which amount 22 Trillion IDR, and LRT 27 Trillion IDR. Besides that 2,3 Trillion IDR also pledged to build 10 km of elevated BRT lane, and 6,4Trillion IDR to build double- double track of Manggarai- Cikarang commuter railtrack. Those total amount are equal to 4,1 billion EUR. On the other hand, according to official data of Toll Road Authority, the government has pledged 24.6 Trillion IDR to build Second Jakarta Outer Ring Road and construction of new Semanggi interchange at cost of 0,22 Trillion IDR. Total private investment for road construction is Trilllion IDR. The share of public transport investment is 67.39%. in the matrix we consider maximum value, 50%.

23 INDICATOR 9 Air quality (pm10 concentration) INDICATOR -9 INDICATOR -9 This indicator provide with the annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (PM10) in the air (population weighted) compared to threshold. Particulate (PM10) is fine particulare matter that less than 10 micron (micrometer). Permitable number for PM10 in Greater Jakarta is 150 µgram/m3. The classification of PM10 is: Good (0-50) Medium (50-150) Unhealthy ( ) Very unhealthy ( ) Dangerous (>350) Based on website of Environmental Impact Control of Jakarta (llhd.jakarta.go.id) calculated from 5 area in Jakarta Province, the PM10: or in average is 75.

24 INDICATOR 10 Greenhouse gas emissions INDICATOR -10 INDICATOR -10 CO2 equivalent emissions from transport by urban residents per annum per capita. CO2 emission from transport across Indonesia (MER) about 70 mio ton. Urban population about 55% of 240 mio= 132 mio ton. Rate= 70/132= 0.53.

25 Sustainable Transpot Strategies Avoid-Shift-Improve Avoid Smart Growth Zoning regulations Internet & Com. Technologies (ICT) Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Shift Public transport Non-Motorised Transport Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Source: 5 th Regional EST Forum Improve Alternative fuels Fuel efficiency standards Vehicle maintenance Vehicle testing

26 Greater Jakarta Greenhouse gas emissions from transport Air quality (pm10) City X Normalized performance Extent to which transport plans cover facilities for active modes and public transport Modal share of active and public transport in commuting Convenient access to public transport service Investment in public transportation systems User satisfaction with public transport service Operational costs of the public transport system Traffic fatalities per inhabitants Affordability travel costs as part of income

27 Greater Jakarta # Indicators Extent to which transport plans cover facilities for active modes and public transport Modal share of active and public transport in commuting Convenient access to public transport service User satisfaction with public transport service Natural Normalization 2017 Weights units MIN MAX Jabodetabek 0-16 scale Trips Number of people % satisfied Traffic fatalities per inhabitants # fatalities Affordability travel costs as part of income Operational costs of the public transport system Investment in public transportation systems % of income Cost recovery ratio Share of total investment Air quality (pm10) µg/m Greenhouse gas emissions from transport Tons MUST SUM TO

28 Greater Jakarta and Jakarta DRAFT Greenhouse gas emissions from transport Air quality (pm10) Comparing cities all indicators Extent to which transport plans cover facilities for active modes and public transport Modal share of active and public transport in commuting Convenient access to public transport service Jabodetabek Jakarta Investment in public transportation systems User satisfaction with public transport service Operational costs of the public transport system Traffic fatalities per inhabitants Affordability travel costs as part of income

29 DRAFT # Indicators Extent to which transport plans cover facilities for active modes and public transport Modal share of active and public transport in commuting Convenient access to public transport service User satisfaction with public transport service Natural Normalization 2017 Weights units MIN MAX Jabodetabek Jakarta 0-16 scale Trips Number of people % satisfied Traffic fatalities per inhabitants # fatalities Affordability travel costs as part of income Operational costs of the public transport system Investment in public transportation systems % of income Cost recovery ratio Share of total investment Air quality (pm10) µg/m Greenhouse gas emissions from transport Tons MUST SUM TO

30 DRAFT D3 RESULT SPIDER DIAGRAM MULTIPLE CITIES Jabodetabek Jakarta Extent to which transport plans cover facilities for active modes and public transport Modal share of active and public transport in commuting Convenient access to public transport service User satisfaction with public transport service Traffic fatalities per inhabitants Affordability travel costs as part of income Operational costs of the public transport system Investment in public transportation systems Air quality (pm10) Greenhouse gas emissions from transport

31 FUTURE PLAN Implementation of SUTI for Greater Jakarta ANALYSIS OF SUTI INDICATORS STRONG 1. Extent to which masterplan covers public transport 2. Traffic fatalities 3. Investment of Public Transport System 4. Greenhouse emission form transport WEAKNESS 1. Modal Share of Active and Public Transport 2. Convenient Access to Public Transport Services 3. User Satisfaction 4. Operation Cost of Public Transport System MODERATE 1. Affordability travel cost as part of income 2. Air Quality (pm 10)

32 Draft- Transport Plan No Cities Existing Masterplan Jabodetabek has a big role for national economic activity, that generates GDP more than 111,148 Million (18.48% of national). The economic structure of Jabodetabek 2012, which is calculated from GDP at current prices, shows about 72.56% Jabodetabek economy is still concentrated in the city of Jakarta 1 Jakarta The concept of road based public transport development is BRT with bus priority with the support from LRT and MRT. Existing public bus system will be improved through the route management and bus rationalization. Construction of LRT and MRT has been in progress. The integration system has also been provided but need to be optimised. 2 Depok Depok City focused on the improvement of existing accessibility of public transportation, such as accessibility to terminals, stations, etc. In additions, they also plan to develop mass transport in the form of feeder bus services that connect settlement areas to trunk roads (existing BRT networks) as well as railway stations. 3 Tangerang 4 Bekasi Regency 5 Bogor Regency 6 Bekasi Their public transport policies are focused on the rationalization of existing bus route, improvement of public transport regulation, improvement of integrated terminal and supporting facili ties. In the near future, they also plan develop dedicated bus lane in mass rapid transport system that can be integrated with BRT in DKI Jakarta. There are two main policy concepts of road-based public transport development of Bekasi Regency, which are (1) the development of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), and (2) the improvement of public transport services for industrial areas and settlements. The plan of BRT will connect DKI Bekasi City Bekasi Regency. The main policies of Bogor Regency transportation development are the road development, improvement of BRT connection, and integration between BRT/railway with feeder system and transit terminals. Especially for the development of road based public transport, Bekasi City only provides some strategies including route management, inner -city BRT, as well as attempting the possibility of JABODETABEK Busway operation which connecting Bekasi DKI Jakarta

33 DISCUSSION Implementation of SUTI for Other Agglomeration City in Indonesia 5 other agglomeration cities need to be supported by public transport based management 0 % -3 % 55% 52% % 28% 2010 Kota Jumlah Penduduk Luas (km2) Kepadatan (/km2) Pengguna (%) PT:Car:Walk Greater Jakarta 28,336,934 6, , : 53: 20 Greater Surabaya 9,115,485 5, ,538.3 Greater Bandung 7,889,047 3, ,332.0 Greater Medan 4,144,583 2, , :83:2 Greater Makassar 2,225,048 2, :88:0 Greater Denpasar 2,223,070 1, , :82:7 TOTAL ,350.0 Indication of Problems: Traffic flows to city centers, old attraction area causes tidal flow during peak hours. Cooperation between city and hinterlands still far from expected. Govt budget for transportation integration is still very low compared to standard of international Target Medium Term: Modal share increases from 16% menjadi 35%. Strategic Policies: Central government support and other possible financing sche such as matching fund, CSR for BRT development A synchronized program for BRT, LRT and MRT Estrimated Budget: Rp. 3 Tril. for urban transport construction in 5 agglomeration cities.

34 DISCUSSION Integration from Planning, Construction and Controlling Integration is Urgent! Kabupaten Tangerang Kota Tangerang Kota Tangerang Selatan DKI Jakarta Kota Depok Kota Bekasi Kabupaten Bekasi Kota Bogor Kota Bogor Kabupaten Bogor Strategy of Integration TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT Supervision Control Information ROADS Construction Management PUBLIC TRANSPORT Construction Regulation integration Management URBAN PLANNING TOD Planning of Land Use Urban Development

35 ALHAMDULILLAH THANK YOU