International Status of Intelligent Vehicle Technologies

Transcription

1 International Status of Intelligent Vehicle Technologies JOINT MILITARY/CIVILIAN CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 2-3 November 2005 Richard Bishop 1

2 Overview Government Safety Goals What s on the market already? Auto Industry Stance Worldwide R&D Programs Japan Pan-European Research and Deployment National Programs Functional Summary Opportunity areas for Technology Transfer Sensor fusion Pedestrian detection Summary 2

3 Government Safety Goals Japan: 50% reduction in road fatalities by 2013 Australia: 40% reduction in road fatalities by 2010 USA: Reduce overall crash rate by 1/3 by 2008 England: 40% reduction in road fatalities and serious injuries by 2010 European esafety Initiative: 50% reduction in road fatalities by % of new cars equipped with driver assistance systems 3

4 Safety Applications Last 20 years: reducing crash effects Crashworthiness Occupant protection Next 20 years: Crash Mitigation Crash Avoidance We are entering an era in which the crash rate consistently trends DOWNWARDS The pace can be accelerated by coordinated government-industry action 4

5 What s on the market already? 5

6 What s on the market already? Japan Electronic Stability Control (widespread) Adaptive Cruise Control Lane Keeping Assist Lane Departure Prevention Collision mitigation braking (yes, active braking!) Low Speed Following Automated Parallel Parking Europe Electronic Stability Control (widespread) ACC Lane Departure Warning Blind Spot Monitoring Low Speed Following USA Electronic Stability Control ACC Lane Departure Warning Forward Collision Warning Truck Rollover Prevention Blind Spot Monitoring (any day now) Low Speed Following (any day now) 6

7 Forward Collision Warning Radar-based forward sensing Over 50,000 trucks equipped in the USA Large fleets drive millions of miles per day Safer operations translates directly into increased profits A single crash can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars Trucks have a bad safety image, but Most car-truck crashes caused by the car driver 7

8 EVT-300 Collision Warning System Very high crash reduction rates documented: Ex: 605 trucks over 190M miles: 92% reduction (Chart courtesy of Eaton-VORAD) 8

9 Rollover Countermeasures for Heavy Trucks: Bendix ABS6 Advanced w/ ESP Adv ECU Steering Angle Sensor ABS/ATC/ESP ECU Warning indicator Trailer pressure control Traction valve on Front Axle P V Driver demand pressure sensed (2 Places) V P SUPPLY SECONDARY Yaw Rate & Lateral acceleration sensor on chassis PRIMARY Std ABS/ATC Additional from ABS/ATC (Chart courtesy of Bendix) 9

10 Adaptive Cruise Control Constant Speed Decelerate Follow Accelerate 80km/h 80km/h 100km/h 100km/h 80km/h 80km/h 80km/h 100km/h km/h 100 km/h 100 km/h km/h (Courtesy of Nissan) 10

11 Adaptive Cruise Control Entered market in 1997 (Japan), 1999 (Europe), 2001 (USA) Available initially on premium brands Now moving into mass market 11

12 Nissan Infiniti Laser Sensor for ACC (Courtesy of Nissan) 12

13 Honda 77 Ghz Radar Sensor for ACC (Courtesy of Honda) 13

14 Lane Departure Warning Image processing to read the road markings Introduced for heavy trucks initially ( virtual rumble strip ) Offered on cars in USA and Europe in 2004 Offered in heavy trucks in USA/Europe since ~2002 Alerts via audible or vibration (Courtesy of Iteris) 14

15 Nissan Infiniti Camera for Lane Departure Warning (Courtesy of Nissan) 15

16 Lane Keeping Available in Japan since 2003 Copilot mode Driver input required at all times Driver does large turns System assists in minute adjustments to maintain lane 16

17 Collision Mitigation Braking Available in Japan since 2004 Operation: Potential crash detected by sensor Driver mildly warned Seat belt tug No response? More intense warning: Seat belt tightened, brakes pulsed Still no response and collision probability near 100% Full braking Mitigates collision severity 17

18 On the Market: People Movers / Transit Buses ParkShuttle Netherlands/1998 Intelligent Multi-Modal Transit System Japan/2000 CIVIS system France / 2000 USA (Las Vegas) / 2004 Phileas Eindhoven, Netherlands 2004 (Courtesy of Frog Systems) 18

19 Philleas Guided Bus System Modes: -- fully automated -- half automation -- manual (Courtesy of APTS BV) 19

20 Toyota IMTS for 2005 Aichi EXPO (Courtesy of Toyota) 20

21 Auto Industry Stance Significant investments by major OEMs and suppliers Key issues (steady progress on all fronts) System cost System robustness User understanding Liability Market Uptake Fair Japanese OEMs lead 21

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24 Intelligent Vehicle R&D Programs: Global Tour 24

25 Intelligent Vehicle R&D Programs: Global Perspective USDOT Cars/trucks/buses Safety Driven by Crash Data Connectivity Japan MLIT Cars 2 nd Generation active safety systems: technology development Connectivity Europe Cars / some truck activity 2 nd Generation active safety systems: technology development Connectivity Traffic Assistance Cooperative Systems are the next wave for ITS Deployment 25

26 Intelligent Vehicle R&D: Japan Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport Smartway deployment Sponsors AHSRA and ASV AHSRA Field Operational Testing for obstacles around blind curves (completed) Countermeasures for traffic bottlenecks Next Generation Digital Maps Probe data systems ASV Involvement by vehicle OEMs Vehicle-vehicle communications 26

27 MLIT Smartway Deployment 27

28 MLIT Smartway Deployment 28

29 Japan: Advanced Safety Vehicle: Phase II (completed in 2004) Major systems developed included: Forward obstacle collision avoidance Curve overshooting prevention system Full speed range ACC Lane departure prevention system Lane keeping assistance system Blind spot obstacle collision avoidance system Advanced front lighting system Vehicle body adaptation for mitigating pedestrian injury Drowsiness warning system Nighttime pedestrian monitoring system 29

30 Advanced Safety Vehicle Phase III program Inter-Traffic Communications System independent of any roadside infrastructure effective at market penetrations less than 100% Estimated that 2500 fatal collisions and 25,000 serious injuries could be avoided each year Data communicated driver intention, steering and braking operation, bus movements, and emergency vehicle presence Initial work: define the required system performance address spectrum allocation issues verification testing planned for 2005 Geared toward on-board systems expected to be available in cars by

31 Europe esafety European Commission Fifth Framework Research Program European Commission Sixth Framework Research Program PReVENT New Projects in Cooperative Systems German INVENT 31

32 esafety Initiative European Commission Goal: 50% reduction in road fatalities by 2010 esafety Groups: government & automotive industry representatives Executive level Engineering level Addressing issues such as: implementation roadmap (business/societal/user issues) availability of digital maps to support ADAS financial incentives to buy/use systems techniques for cooperative vehicle-road systems standardization legal issues 32

33 European Commission Fifth Framework Research Program Approximately $120M public funds Example projects: CHAUFFEUR: automated truck convoying CARTALK: vehicle-vehicle communications CARSENSE: sensor fusion CyberCar: automated people movers RADARNET: networked radars SAVE-U: pedestrian detection / avoidance AWAKE: drowsy driver detection 33

34 EC 6th Framework Programme The EC is implementing esafety thru the 6 th FW Integrated projects approach Broad focus areas: Protective Safety Preventative Safety HMI Architecture Accidentology Rescue & Services Projects started in

35 Preventative Safety Integrated Projects (IP s) Focuses on Advanced Driver Assistance Systems 80 million euro allocated by the EC in 2003 Industry-led consortia provided research proposals and several major IPs were funded. These are: AIDE -- focusing on human-machine interface technologies required for safe and efficient integration of ADAS and nomad devices into the driving environment. AISES development of an electronic architecture for driver workload support GST Global System for Telematics, studying the integration of a safety information channel, post-crash rescue, and enhanced floating car data PReVENT development of 2nd generation crash avoidance systems which take the driver s state into account SPARK development of advanced drive-by-wire techniques and components 35

36 PReVENT 6FW Preventative Safety main project 70M euro, 30M public funding Technical Areas Safe Speed and Safe Following Lateral Support Intersection Safety Vulnerable Road Users Collision Mitigation Cross-functional Maps&ADAS Response3 ProFusion Technical Lead: DaimlerChrysler Coordination: ERTICO 36

37 PReVENT Consortium 52 Partners from Industry, Public Authority, Institute, University, Public Private Organisation: 12 OEMs: DCAG, AUDI, BMW AG, BMW F+T GmbH, CRF, FFA, PSA Peugeot Citroen, REGIENOV, SEAT, VTEC, VOLVO CAR, VW 16 Suppliers: BLAUPUNKT, BOSCH, DELPHI, FCS, IBEO, IMITA, LEW, NAVIGON NAVTECH, PHILIPS, SAGEM, SIEMENS, SIEMENS VDO, TELEATLAS, TRW CONEKT, VDO 24 Institutes & others: AVV, CERTH/HIT, CIDAUT, CNRS IDFA, ERTICO, FHG, FORGIS, FORWISS, ICCS, IMC, INRIA, INRETS, LCPC, LUND, MW, NTUA, TNO, TUC, TRANSVER, TRL, UNI HANNOVER, UNIPR, UNISI, UNITN, VTT 37

38 PReVENT: Functional Subprojects Safe Speed and Safe Following: focuses on excessive speed (including curves) or insufficient headway. Combines data obtained by on-board sensors and received by communication regarding the situation ahead (road condition, traffic, weather, etc.). Also includes wireless local danger warning. Lateral Support and Driver Monitoring: driver support of the lane keeping and lane changing task; prevention of lateral or blind spot crashes, particularly in low visibility conditions; driver monitoring. Intersection Safety: applications related to approaching or passing intersections emphasis on cooperation between infra.and vehicles. Vulnerable Road Users and Collision Mitigation: focuses on the phase just prior to a crash mitigate the effects of a collision optimize the response of occupant protection systems; detection and avoidance of pedestrians. 38

39 PReVENT Cross-functional sub-projects: RESPONSE: establishment of a Code of Practice for Development and Testing of ADAS MAPS & ADAS: development, test, and validation of digital maps to support ADAS ProFusion: defining state-of-the-art in robust sensors and optimized sensor data fusion; identifying technology gaps Safety Roadshow planned for test platforms will demonstrate multiple approaches to the applications described above. 39

40 PReVENT: INTERSAFE Vehicle Integration ( Bottom-Up Approach) Source: IBEO Video: Communication: Laserscanner: Road Marking Detection Vehicle-2-Infrastructure Object Detection 40

41 ProFusion Objectives Push the sensor data fusion techniques beyond the current state-of-the-art; Develop concepts, methods and theories for sensor data and information fusion to improve the performance of perception systems Make perception more reliable and more robust; Develop systematic and generic approaches on environment modeling (i.e. ego-vehicle, infrastructure, moving and stationary objects). Define and implement a flexible and modular architecture for fusion systems; Establish and maintain a Fusion Forum, which will promote the deployment of sensor data and information fusion in driver assistance systems. 41

42 ProFusion Forum Information and knowledge exchange on the field of sensors and sensor data fusion During workshops, ProFusion II will ensure the exchange of experts from diverse groups, such as OEMs, suppliers and research communities Will complement the expertise of PReVENT partners bringing them together with sensor data and information fusion experts from other fields. The Fusion Forum with Sensor Data Fusion experts will organize its first one-day open workshop on March 8, 2006 in Brussels. Opportunity for tech transfer? 42

43 EC 6th Framework Programme: Cooperative Systems Call for proposals closed in March Traffic and safety info Safe speed Cooperative intersections Vehicle safety communications Positioning technology Budget: 82M euro 43

44 EC 6th Framework Programme: Cooperative Systems New projects starting 2006 SAFESPOT: V2V communications for safety 49M euro public/private funding CVIS: Cooperative Vehicle-Infrastructure Systems for safety, traffic info, commercial services 70M euro public/private funding 44

45 National Programs INVENT (Germany) ARCOS (France) IVSS (Sweden) TRANSUMO (Netherlands) Roads to the Future (Netherlands) Foresight (UK) 45

46 Germany: INVENT Program 76M euro program: 45% German government (Ministry of Education and Research) remainder domestic vehicle industry Completed in April 2005 Follow-on expected Focus areas: Autonomous Safety Systems Cooperative Safety Systems Traffic Assistance 46

47 INVENT Functional Areas Detection and Interpretation of the Driving Environment Extending the information horizon of the vehicle through communication Anticipatory Active Safety 360 degree awareness lane changing, turning maneuvers intersection assistant traffic signals, pedestrians, cyclists Congestion Assistance stop and go ACC adaptation of algorithm to congested conditions Cooperative Maneuvering 47

48 Recognition of Traffic Lights Most (>60%) accidents in cities occur at intersections Combination with maps offers high potential for red traffic light warning Warning > 50m ahead Greyscale images, no additional information HDRC colour images with additional map information 48

49 Recognition of Stop Signs Stop signs turn out to be nearly circular Principles developed for Speed Limit Assistance can be applied Recognition is highly robust 49

50 Pedestrian Crash Countermeasures A priority in Europe and Japan Japan: 30% of all road deaths Europe: 15% of all road deaths USA: 10% share of all fatalities New European regulations for pedestrian crash mitigation are driving design innovations One step better: pedestrian detection and avoidance 50

51 Pedestrian Detection R&D in Europe SAVE-U project Runs through 2005 DaimlerChrysler, Volkswagen, and Siemens VDO Sensor platform fuses data from radar, IR video, and color video. Two experimental cars: Mercedes E-Class Volkswagen Passat. (Courtesy of DaimlerChrysler) 51

52 Pedestrian Detection: Japan Denso Mobileye Partnership (Courtesy of MobilEye) 52

53 Functional Summary Basic Crash Avoidance First generation systems mature and/or on the market Second generation systems well along Sensor Fusion Significant investments in Europe Intersection CA Well along in research Laser scanners favored in Europe Significant German work in autonomous systems US approach is cooperative Pedestrian detection Strong R&D investments in Japan and Europe OEMs, suppliers already have good capability Cooperative Systems Vehicle-infrastructure cooperation is the rage in USA (VII) V2V cooperation has gained significant momentum in last year European spectrum allocation at 5.9GHz will make a big difference Automation Investments in Europe re people-movers 53

54 Opportunities for Tech Transfer Sensor Fusion Join ProFusion Forum (PReVENT project) Pedestrian Detection Benchmark DOD-funded work against auto industry R&D capabilities Objective Testing Jointly define techniques for objective testing of active safety systems Process Government-government DOD to foreign DOD, DOT to foreign DOT Government-industry Direct DOD liaison to automotive players 54

55 Summary Steady Rollout of Active Safety Products: cars, buses, trucks Safety Trends Positive Traffic Assistance in development Cooperative systems (based on wireless communications): on the horizon Convergence: communications, digital maps, infrastructure intelligence, sensing, in-vehicle electronic infrastructure (data, x-by-wire) defines a new landscape and brings a broad array of possibilities Opportunities for tech transfer appear promising 55

56 For more information. Intelligent Vehicle Technology & Trends Web Resource: 56