Connected Vehicles. V2X technology.

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1 EN Kapsch TrafficCom Connected Vehicles. V2X technology. Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) are based on the communication between vehicles and infrastructure (V2I, or vehicle to infrastructure ) and communication among vehicles (V2V, or vehicle to vehicle ). Improving safety, security, and mobility it is also known as V2X or vehicle to everything ).

2 Real Time Data Exchange. V2X technology enables the exchange of data between vehicles and their environment using wireless communication. Essential information is sent and received in real time to support all road users and traffic service centers in their decision-making process. It is a core solution in the connected vehicles environment, which aims to increase traffic safety and comfort as well as to reduce the environmental impact of road transportation. 20 for green Warning: vehicle approaching! Request for green Public Transport Priority Speed Advice Left Turn Assist Green in 7s Green in 7s RSU Emergency Preemption Force green TMC TLC 42 for green Speed Advice Typical V2X use cases in a urban environment. Tailor-made Connectivity. In a world of growing connectivity, cooperation between vehicles, drivers, road operators, infrastructure and partners is a necessity. V2X is the logical step to connect all of them as it is tailored exactly to the requirements of communication on the roads. The technology allows dynamic real-time information to enhance traffic safety and efficiency. Moreover, payment services, commercial infotainment and the collection of valuable data for environmental purposes are enabled. V2X is the extension to further technological developments in the road transportation sector. As self-driving vehicles enter the market, V2X information is the indispensable enhancement for in-vehicle sensor technology. In combination, they will generate a full picture of the vehicle s environment and ensure highest safety possible for passengers and other road users. 2 Kapsch TrafficCom

3 The Benefits of V2X. Enhanced traffic management. V2X supports road authorities as well as road users and provides significant social and environmental benefits. Its implementation allows governments to enhance traffic management, optimize the use of infrastructure and improve maintenance due to a qualitative and quantitative boost of data. Road users benefit from increased traffic safety and reduced traffic congestions. Australian studies of V2X estimate injury reductions to be in the range of 17% to 35% across various injury types. When combined with autonomous auto braking, a 35% reduction in fatalities and 55% reduction in injuries are possible.* Increased safety. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) offers detailed numbers in their report to the United States Congress about the V2X technology. Up to 600,000 crashes can be prevented and 1,000 lives can be saved every year if the technology is introduced nationwide.** As communication technology has already been standardized within Europe, the United States and other countries make V2X available as of today. * Austroroads, National Road Safety Strategy, 2015 ** National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Readiness of V2V Technology for Application, 2015 Kapsch TrafficCom 3

4 The Technology Behind. V2X is a standardized two-way dedicated short range communication (DSRC) technology. In general terms it is related to Wi-Fi but operating on 6 channels around the frequency of 5.9 GHz. It has efficient ad-hoc network features and does not rely on pre-existing infrastructure. Furthermore, the communication technology is based on broadcasting messages instead of a point-to-point communication. This characteristic enables an unlimited number of network partners without a loss of communication quality. The standards for the communication technology are defined in the ETSI ITS G5 for Europe and IEEE WAVE for the United States. On the vehicle side, so called on-board units (OBUs) are the communication devices used. They are the interface between vehicle-based data and V2X information. OBUs allow a direct communication among vehicles. Additionally, they enable the communication with roadside infrastructure, such as variable message signs, road works warnings, traffic signals and similar. For the infrastructure to be able to communicate, roadside units (RSUs) with different functionalities are in use. On the one hand, local infrastructural information or information from a traffic management center (TMC) is broadcasted to vehicles. On the other hand, data from vehicles are collected and sent (further processed or raw) to the TMC. Multimodal Information Vehicle in blind spot! Blind Spot Warning RSU TRAIN STATION Next train in 6min Road Work! Road Work Warning Platooning Road Work! Merge left! RSU TMC Slow vehicles ahead Slow vehicles ahead Emergency Braking Typical V2X use cases in a rural environment. 4 Kapsch TrafficCom

5 Kapsch has been developing V2X technology since 2007 in order to exceed customer needs and requirements in terms of user experience, comfortability, efficiency and safety. Within the standardization process of V2X communication, Kapsch has pioneered the development of general standards for Europe (ETSI ITS G5) and for the United States (IEEE WAVE ). Today, Kapsch offers a broad portfolio which includes all soft- and hardware components for the integration of V2X communication. Along with the core hardware elements of V2X, roadside and onboard unit, Kapsch offers complementary products, such as Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS) and customer fitted software stacks to run V2X applications on roadside and on-board units Advanced Traffic Management System. Within a Traffic Management Center (TMC) the ATMS is the central unit to monitor and control traffic on highways, bridges, in tunnels and cities. Traffic sensors, variable message signs, traffic lights and similar are being managed to increase efficiency, improve safety and reduce environmental impact. The highly customizable product is perfectly adaptable to the individual needs of customers. Kapsch s ATMS solutions are fully V2X enabled and can therefore receive, process and send information to and from connected V2X roadside units. Roadside Unit. The V2X Roadside Unit (RSU) is the communication interface between roadside infrastructure and vehicles. The devices are directly connected to traffic lights or variable speed limits and broadcast relevant information via the 5.9 GHz technology. Moreover, RSUs connected to a TMC via a network connection are able to pass on information generated in an ATMS. Kapsch TrafficCom 5

6 On-Board Unit. The OBU ensures access for vehicles and drivers to participate in the V2X environment. It allows communication between vehicles and V2X equipped infrastructure. OBUs can be integrated into vehicles by car manufacturers (OEM) directly or retrofitted as aftermarket devices. Depending on the chosen level of integration, on-board sensor data can be combined with V2X information to refine and extend the possibilities of applications. The devices are directly connected to the in-vehicle Human Machine Interface (HMI) such as a tablet or smartphone. Chosen safety and security related messages and other information is displayed on the screen. Kapsch offers a range of different OBUs, perfectly matched to customers intentions. Applications (Software stack). In addition to V2X hardware, Kapsch offers customized software development depending on the dedicated use of a device and resulting use cases. Furthermore, individual software interfaces can be integrated to allow the connection to customer-specific infrastructure and in-vehicle bus systems. An overview of available use cases is provided on the following page. As V2X is a rapidly growing technology, applications are extended and improved constantly. Use Cases. V2X technology allows a wide range of applications. However, the current developments in terms of vehicle electrification and automated driving indicate a substantial extension in the future. The illustrations show different implementations in urban environment and on highways. 6 Kapsch TrafficCom

7 In-Vehicle-Information (IVI). Multi Modal Information. Intersection Safety (ISS). Road Works Warning (RWW). Public Transport Prioritization. Emergency Vehicle. Probe Vehicle Data. Intersection Movement Assist. Left Turn Assist. Forward Collision Warning. Blind Spot Warning and Lane Change Warning. Drivers are informed about the presence of speed limits, no passing zones and other relevant safety information which are shown on variable message signs inside the vehicles. Drivers are provided with information regarding other transport modalities. In case of a congestion public transport routes can be proposed and close-by park and ride stations displayed. Also, real-time departure times of trains, metro or busses are displayed as soon as a public transport stop is being approached. A visualization inside the vehicles provides drivers with useful information regarding an upcoming intersection. Based on the Signal Phase and SPaT (Timing) and MAP (Message Access Profile) message the optimal speed for the approach towards a signalized intersection can be calculated. Moreover, drivers can be warned in case of a red light violation, either due to oneself or another road user. Drivers approaching a road work zone are informed of its presence, parameters and associated obstructions like lane closures or speed limits. The main purpose is to alert drivers about potentially dangerous conditions in time. V2X offers an adaptive prioritization where public transport vehicles can request an extension of a current green phase to allow a safe crossing of an intersection or even a change of the signal phase. Drivers are warned directly inside their vehicles in case of an approaching emergency vehicle. Additionally, the current position and direction of the vehicle can be shown to allow an optimal reaction of drivers. Cooperative Traffic Signals can receive the signal from an emergency vehicle initiating a signal phase change to enable a safe and uninterrupted ride. V2X enables the collection of detailed vehicle data without the installation of expensive stationary traffic sensors. Vehicles bypassing V2X roadside units transmit messages that can be received and forwarded to their connected traffic management center (TMC). TMCs are able to aggregate (anonymized) data and drastically improve situational traffic awareness. Drivers are warned of vehicles approaching from a lateral direction at an intersection. That way intersection crossing crashes, which are considered the most severe crashes based on fatality counts, can be avoided. Left Turn Assist addresses crashes where one involved vehicle is making a left turn at the intersection and the other vehicle is coming straight from the opposite direction. Drivers are warned of the presence of oncoming opposite-direction traffic. Forward Collision Warning addresses rear-end crashes that are separated into three key scenarios based on the movement of lead vehicles. Drivers can be warned of stopped, slowing, or slower vehicles ahead. Drivers are alerted to the presence of vehicles approaching or in their blind spot in the adjacent lane, when vehicles are changing lanes or performing a merging maneuver. Emergency Electronic Brake Light. Do Not Pass Warning. Heavy breaking ahead in the traffic queue can be detected early by Emergency Electronic Break Light. Vehicles are able to broadcast information about emergency breaking to surrounding vehicles. Doing so, surrounding vehicles applications determine the relevance of the emergency braking event and alert the drivers. This can be crucial when driver s visibility is limited or obstructed. When a driver starts attempting to pass a slower vehicle on an undivided two-lane roadway, the driver is warned of an oncoming opposite-direction vehicle. Thus, opposite-direction crashes, resulting from passing maneuvers, can be avoided.

8 Kapsch TrafficCom Kapsch TrafficCom is a provider of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) in the segments of toll collection, city access control and parking space management, traffic management, traffic monitoring, utility vehicle monitoring, electronic vehicle registration and V2X cooperative systems. The end-to-end solutions of Kapsch TrafficCom cover the entire value creation chain of its customers, from components and design to the installation and operation of systems, all from a single source. The core business comprises the development, installation and operation of electronic toll collection and traffic management systems. Reference projects in more than 50 countries on all continents have made Kapsch TrafficCom a globally recognized ITS provider. As part of the Kapsch Group, an Austrian family-owned technology group founded in 1892, Kapsch TrafficCom is headquartered in Vienna, Austria, and has subsidiaries and branches in 33 countries. It has also been listed since 2007 on the Vienna Stock Exchange (KTCG) and earned revenues of EUR 526 million in the 2015/16 fiscal year. The company employs over 4,600 employees worldwide _EN Kapsch TrafficCom AG Am Europlatz Vienna Austria T ktc.info@kapsch.net