Electric Vehicle and Infrastructure Issues

Transcription

1 Powering a More Electric Economy Wisconsin Power Utility Institute Madison, WI, October 26, 2017 (11:50-12:15pm CDT) Electric Vehicle and Infrastructure Issues Current & Future EV Charging Technology, Potential Impact on Distribution System Theodore Bohn (tbohn@anl.gov; ) Argonne National Laboratory ANL contributions sponsored by DOE Vehicle Technology Program Copyright Notice : The author asserts copyright on behalf of ANL/DOE on work originated at ANL in this document

2 Presentation Topics {Where is here and how do we get to there?} 1) What is Argonne National Lab and the Interoperability Center? 2) EV charging history, New EVs, Electric vehicle charging rates 3) AC-DC-Wireless dispensing systems/examples power levels 4) DC power supplied as a utility service (new business case) 5) Plug-n-Charge (AutoCharge)- self initiated charging 6) Liquid Fuel Dispensing vs Electric Fueling ; submeter role 7) Question and Answer (during or after presentation) 2

3 What is Argonne National Lab and the EV-Smart Grid Interoperability Center? ANL was designated as the first National Laboratory in 1946, initially formed to support Enrico Fermi s work (Univ. of Chicago) on the Manhattan Project. (CP-1 75 th Anniversary) Center for Transportation Research Some Statistics Budget: $760M Staff: 3350 Location: Lemont IL Area: 1700 acres Multidiscipline research including energy, materials, computing, nuclear, bio, etc 3

4 What is Argonne National Lab and the EV-Smart Grid Interoperability Center? ANL hosts the US EV-Smart Grid Interoperability Center, in conjunction with JRC in Ispra Italy, to develop and validate EV charging standards as well as research grid impacts Smart Energy Plazas at bldgs 300 and 362 Some Statistics Site-wide AC EVSEs- 50 PV Fed Charging- 80kW DC Fast Chargers: 25kW, 50kW, 160kW, 4x400kW Wireless: 50kW 4

5 ANL EV-Smart Grid Interoperability Standards and Technology Development for EV Charging SAE J1772-v6 PEV Compliance Requirements, test equipment, procedures SAE J2847/2-v2 DC Charging Communication Requirements, test equipment, procedures, enabling technology SAE J2953 PEV-EVSE Interoperability Requirements, test equipment, procedures SAE J2954 Wireless Charging Requirements, standard test fixture, procedures SAE J2847/6 Wireless Charging Communication Test equipment, procedures, enabling technology 5

6 Rediscovering What Others Have Advocated in the Past, Implemented Today w/new Technology Need: 150A DC coupler for wide adoption of PEVs. Delivered: 100 years ago- 30,000 BEVs used this coupler in 1913 Need: Indoor and Curb Side Charging Station Delivered: 100 years ago- 46k miles on Electric Taxi Fleet in Detroit Indoor Charging Stations 6 Outdoor Curb-Side Charging Port 6

7 100 Year Old Value of Electric Transportation There is no place like home to charge EVs 6kW DC Off-board Charging in 1910 Also called Wattstation ~ Avg man can t afford to maintain a horse, EV OK 8000 Chargers in use,

8 EV Charging Infrastructure- Dwell Time Impacts Charging Rate and Cost, Commercial Transactions 8

9 Electric Vehicle Charging 101 (coupling methods) ALL US electric vehicles can charge from AC sources via the SAE J1772 coupler (from 6A/120vac to 80A/240vac) {30A typ.} Some electric vehicles can accept DC power from an external charger (called DC Fast Charging); three couplers tied to specific manufacturers (Tesla only), CHAdeMO (Nissan), J1772- DC CCS (combo, everyone else); from 12kW to 400kW Chevy Bolt accepts 80kW, Tesla up to 120kW, Porsche ~400kW SOON electric vehicles will also include wireless charging receivers from 3kW to 11kW to 50kW, to 500kW+(heavy duty) 9

10 Charging Couplers and Charging Rates (up to 350kW) COMBO 2 (EU) (CCS) COMBO 1 (US) CHAdeMO (Japan) GB/T (China) Tesla (AC/DC) 10

11 SAE J3105 High Power Mechanized Coupler Standard {Harmonization of proprietary solutions; up to 1.5MW} ABB Proprietary System Opbrid Proprietary System 11

12 SAE J2954 (IEC 61980) Wireless EV Charging {ANL Interoperability Testing, Fixtures} J2954 Subcommittees working with FDA, FCC, UL and NIST on safety Standard frequency selected: ~85kHz Magnetic Interoperability studies ANL 3-axis vehicle level test fixture Several Vendors preliminary products: Qualcomm, Brusa, Witricity, Hevo 12 12

13 DC Energy Provided as a Utility Service (Fast Charge) {EPRI led activity- working groups formed June 2017} Present fast charging (high power) systems require site host owned transformer and AC/DC conversion equipment Future plan is for utility to own power conversion and DC meter assets- site host owned DC dispensers Shifts capital investment and demand management 13

14 Flood of New Electric Vehicle Models Announced - VW Group claims all 300 product line vehicles with electric variants by 2030; 80 more by 2025 (7 years) 14

15 Porsche Mission E (eta 2020)- 350kW Charge Rate 600hp, dual motor (800vdc) 500km range 0-200kph 12 sec, 0-60mph 3.5 seconds; 350kW charging, emotion camera, gesture input, hologram 15

16 EVSE Locator/Status/Access iphone Apps are a Key (examples from my iphone today; 7 subpages) 16

17 ISO15118 Plug-n-Charge Vehicle Initiated Charging - ABB Example being deploy using OCPP standard New EV charging standards will enable vehicle initiated charging without user intervention via vehicle coupler information exchange Wireless charging sessions expected to use same approach ABB AutoCharge Approach 17

18 HB Point of Sale : Analogy to Liquid Fuels and Residential Electricity Delivery SAE J2836/1 Use Case Figures: - Red line is liquid fueling point of sale. - Green line is utility/premise point of sale at the premise meter; edge of premises - Blue line is at the tip of the conductive charging for vehicle electricity dispensing Seller Buyer Seller Buyer Infrastructure Vehicle 18

19 Liquid Fuel Dispensing Equipment (Displays) vs Electric Fueling - What the customer sees when purchasing energy 1.5 Transaction Total 1 Gallons (3 decimals) 0.5 Price per gallon City W&M Seal 16CFR309 Fuel Grade Placard (yellow) 19

20 Liquid Fuel Dispensing Equipment-like EVSE Displays Multi-Output Dispensing EVSEs: AC, DC(CCS, ) {Examples shown here imply no ANL endorsement} 20

21 Electric Fuel Quality Label- 16CFR Complicated with Adjustable Available Current 3 Wide x 2.5 High Fuel Type (electricity) Power Delivered (40A*240V=9600W) Type of Supply (possibly non-fixed current) (Voltage, Current, AC, or DC) Type of coupling; wireless, or conductive Output Current/Power Adjustable to manage Grid resources or energy costs 21

22 ANL Smart Load DAQ Fully Integrated EVSE Dispensing Meter Accuracy Verification System Compact, self contained 5.6kW Test System as shown at NCWM meeting. 20lbs, 12 x12 x12 ; AC load expandable to 22kW; AC or DC Charging Protocols; DC load up to 50kW ANL Designed Smart Load DAQ packs into zippered carrying bag with tablet PC and wireless label printer Self powered from tablet PC USB/EVSE (no external battery) NIST Traceable (transfer standard) metrology element (0.1%) 1.5 x 2 Compact Submeter (for EVSEs) Photos courtesy of Ted Bohn, Argonne National Laboratory 22