Wind Power Technology Training Systems WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY

Transcription

1 Wind Power Technology Training Systems WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY

2 INTERNATIONAL AWARD WINNER FOR EXCELLENCE IN TECHNICAL TRAINING PRODUCTS Lab-Volt is the proud recipient of more International Worlddidac Awards for product excellence than any other manufacturer of scientific and technological training apparatus for student and classroom use. Lab-Volt serves thousands of trade schools, colleges and universities, educational ministries, military training centers, and industrial plants throughout most countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, Pacific Rim, and the Americas. To meet the needs of its global customers, Lab-Volt has sales offices and manufacturing plants in the United States, Canada, Malaysia, and Colombia, along with a network of factory-trained staff strategically placed around the world. Lab-Volt is proud to continue the tradition of excellence that has become its international trademark. Electric Power and Controls Electromechanical Power Electronics and Drives Power Transmission, Distribution, and Protection Industrial Controls Telecommunications Digital and Analog Telecommunications Radar Technology Microwave Technology Antenna Telephony Fiber Optic Communications Manufacturing/Mechatronics Automation and Robotics Fluid Power Instrumentation and Process Control Refrigeration, Air Conditioning, and Heating Exploratory Technology TECHNICAL TRAINING SYSTEMS Tech-Design Communications Transportation Construction Manufacturing Bio-Related Family & Consumer Sciences Project-Based Curriculum Tech-World Applications in Pre-Engineering & Manufacturing Technology Applications in Information Technology Fault-Assisted Circuits for Electronics Training (F.A.C.E.T. ) Basic Principles of Electricity and Electronics Circuit Simulations Digital and Microprocessor Telecommunications Industrial Electronics Copyright 2007, Lab-Volt Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. All products featured in this guide are subject to change without notice Lab-Volt recognizes all product names used herein as trademarks or registered trade-marks of their respective holders. Lab-Volt is not responsible for typographical errors.

3 Only a few years ago, wind power generation seemed an economically unattainable utopian goal. Today, much of the world seems to be embracing this technology, with wind farms becoming more and more prevalent. While new programs about wind power technology are flourishing in colleges and universities worldwide, the need for hands-on training systems in this technology is acute. To answer this need, Lab-Volt Systems, Inc. is proud to lead the way in offering a new handson training program in Wind Power Technology. With over 50 years of dedicated Electrical and Mechanical training systems development, Lab-Volt continues to be at the forefront of safe, highly-regarded learning environments and the first choice for teachers and departments who want the best programs for their students. TYPICAL WIND POWER PROGRAM

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5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Typical Wind Power Program...1 Technology Science Education...4 Aerodynamics (40000)...4 Alternative Energy (40036)...4 Alternative Energy (42701)...5 Exploring Mechanisms...5 Exploring Electricity...5 Mechanical...6 Mechanical Training System...6 Rigging System...6 Fundamental Fluid Power Trainer...7 Fluid Power for Industrial Applications...8 Advanced Fluid Control Applications...9 Programmable Logic Controller...10 PLC Training System Equipment...11 PLC Simulation Software...12 Electrical...13 Industrial Wiring Training System kW Electromechanical Training System...14 Computer-Assisted 0.2-kW Electromechanical Training System...16 Data Acquisition and Management for Electromechanical Systems (LVDAM-EMS) kW Power Electronics Training System...20 Power Electronics and Drives...22 Additional Electromechanical Equipment...23 Additional Equipment for the 0.2-kW EMS Training Systems kW Electric Power Training Systems kW Protective Relaying Training System Control of Industrial Motors Training System Industrial Controls Training System...29 Low-Power Training Systems...30 F.A.C.E.T. Thyristors and Power Control Circuits...31 F.A.C.E.T. Motors, Generators, and Controls...31 F.A.C.E.T. Power Transistors and GTO Thyristor...32 Synchro-Servo Training System...33 Simulation and Computer-Based Training Systems...34 Hydraulics and Pneumatics Simulation Software (LVSIM -HYD & LVSIM -PNEU)...34 Electromechanical Systems Simulation Software (LVSIM -EMS)...35 Power Electronics Simulation Software (PESIM)...36 Electromechanical Systems Computer- Based Learning...37 Web-Based Training...38 Industrial Training Zone (ITZ)...38 Mechanical Training...38 PLC Fundamentals...38 Electrical Training...39 Hydraulics Training...40 Pneumatics Training...41 Other Product Literature Available...45

6 TECHNOLOGY SCIENCE EDUCATION In the Aerodynamics module, students learn about the scientific principles of aerodynamic technology. As a result, they understand and appreciate these technological achievements and the potential for future innovations. Details Students learn how moving objects are designed, developed, tested, and manufactured. They also observe and understand how the four aerodynamic forces weight, lift, drag, and gravity are affected by temperature, pressure, and humidity. In fact, they collect and measure this atmospheric data themselves. Through other experiments, students use a wind tunnel to measure the forces of air on different shapes. Advanced principles of aerodynamics are covered in later segments of this module. Students also design airfoils and measure the effects of drag, lift, and velocity on their creations. This and other experiments also promote skills in examination, analysis, and troubleshooting. In addition, students learn about careers where they can apply their newly developed knowledge and abilities. Aerodynamic forces (weight, lift, drag, and gravity) Airfoil theory (experiments with a wind tunnel) Angle of attack Atmosphere (temperature, pressure, and humidity) Bernoulli s Principle Calibration kit Fundamentals of Aeronautics Technology Helicopter operations Hypersonics and Supersonics Laminar/Tubular Flow and Viscosity Mass flow and the Lever law Stability and control Velocity Weather center In the Alternative Energy module, students explore alternative sources of energy through interactive discussions and experiments. The knowledge and skills they develop prepare them to help preserve energy resources through personal efforts as well as possible future careers. Details Hands-on experiments in this module alert students to environmental issues affecting our energy resources. Students also develop knowledge of technology that underlies the generation and use of these types of energy. As a result, they gain a deeper appreciation for natural resources and may, in turn, feel driven to help make the most of what is available. The foundation of knowledge includes energy and its use and production; renewable and nonrenewable energy sources; and the uses of various energy types, including solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, and hydro-energy. Students look to the future of energy conservation and technology, as well as career opportunities. Other subjects include biomass conversion; geothermal energy sources, and hydropower and the economics of its production. Students gain practical experience through several experiments, including the conversion of sunlight into usable energy and the demonstration of wind energy with a wind turbine. Alternative Energy research and development Renewable and nonrenewable energy sources Energy conversion systems Wind energy Solar energy Hydro-energy Biomass energy Geothermal energy Energy conservation

7 WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVE ENERGY (42701) This Alternative Energy module combines scientific theory with activities in the Profi Eco Power kit by fischertechnik to help students experience the advantages and disadvantages of hydropower, wind power, and solar power. Details Students build and use: Hammermill Hydraulic turbine Windmill Solar-powered Oil Pump or Solar-powered Rotating Swing Students complete activities, experiments, and worksheets that guide them through the evaluation of each type of power. They experiment with water flow in the "Hydraulic Turbine" activity, they try storing energy generated by a windmill, and they connect solar cells in series and parallel to compare the effects of voltage and current on the Oil Pump or the Rotating Swing. Energy Resources Energy Measurement & Calculations Hydroelectric Power Using Wind for Energy Solar Power EXPLORING MECHANISMS Model 3342 EXPLORING ELECTRICITY Model 3343 The Exploring Mechanisms trainer features a DC driving motor with control switch; assortment of gears, O-rings, chains, and belts; a lift (elevator) with control switch and upper/lower sensors, hex keys, and a spring scale. Details The Exploring Mechanisms module, Model 3342, introduces students to the world of mechanical power transmission. Using a fully operational elevator, the module covers the topics of work, power, force, energy, and torque. The module comes fully equipped with a collection of gears, belt drives, and a chain drive. Other topics include direction of rotation and tension. Practical examples and association with real world examples set this module apart from others. Introduction to the Trainer Work and Power Friction Mechanical Advantage Inclined Plane Gears and Gear Trains Friction-Belt Drives Synchronous-Belt Drives Chain Drive Pulley System The Exploring Electricity trainer features a built-in regulated 12 V-DC source; digital multimeter; an assortment of resistors, switches, relays, and indicator; and a fan used as a circuit load. Details The Exploring Electricity module, Model 3343, plays a vital role in every area of technology. This module teaches students the basic characteristics of simple electrical circuits. Students build a variety of series circuits, parallel circuits, and logic circuits using electrical leads. Students also learn how to calculate electric values and measure them with the digital multimeter. Electric Circuits Measuring Voltage, Current, and Resistance Series Circuits Parallel Circuits Logic Circuits Electromechanical Relays Three-Way Switching Circuits Ohm s Law Ohm s Law for Series Circuits Ohm s Law for Parallel Circuits

8 MECHANICAL The Lab-Volt Mechanical Training System, Model 46101, familiarizes students with the selection, installation, use, maintenance, and troubleshooting of mechanical drive components. The system features a universal base unit that can be mounted on a regular table as well as on optional Lab-Volt benches; fully illustrated job sheets that direct students to complete tasks safely and efficiently; lockout/tagout on the disconnecting switch and safety panels to ensure student safety; working space that can be increased by adding a slave base unit; and quality industrial components which are mounted on panels for storage and inventory control. Details Engineered for extreme ease of use, the system comes with a universal steel base unit on which the students prepare the setups using T-slotted extrusion bars. This innovative design allows the base to be configured as required by the task. The universal base includes a disconnecting switch, current meter, and the controls required to operate the motors and clutch-brake. It also includes a Start/Stop push-button station for local and remote operation. The curriculum is based on practical, hands-on tasks using industrial grade components. This ensures that students are well prepared for today s competitive workforce. Belt Drives Chain Drives Gear Drives Lubrication Couplings Shaft Alignment Bearings Ball Screws Gaskets and Seals Clutches and Brakes Laser Alignment Vibration Analysis The Lab-Volt Rigging System was created to cover the fundamentals of rigging practices. Students practice the techniques that must be developed and used to install and move a machine safely. The Rigging System also features industrial-grade equipment as well as storage for all materials. Details Moving machines is a basic requirement for any industrial plant. Since they are usually built for special applications, machines have varying shapes which are often asymmetrical. Their weight, which is not evenly balanced on the machine supports, creates difficulties for the rigger. Therefore, installation requires skilled and highly qualified riggers. Work orders help students develop the skills required for rigging practice and are an excellent test bench for the students. Moving machines using rollers Lifting and handling odd-shaped loads Moving loads according to center of gravity and weight Handling machines with wire rope pullers Identify different types of rope, cut rope properly, and make knots Assemble a wedge socket on a wire rope Install hoist trolleys, chain links, chain hoist, and electric hoist on the gantry crane Move a machine from ground position to a pedestal Lift an unbalanced load

9 FUNDAMENTAL FLUID POWER TRAINER Model 6059 The Fundamental Fluid Power Trainer, Model 6059, is an introductory program in fluid power concepts, devices, and circuits. The comprehensive Fundamental Fluid Power Trainer includes two instructional trainer modules, and a correlated, two-volume set of student manuals plus instructor guides. The Fundamental Fluid Power Trainer can be purchased as a complete training program (Volumes 1 and 2), or in stages by purchasing Volume 1 and Volume 2 at a later time. Volume 1 introduces fluid power principles. Volume 2 expands on these principles and covers new fluid power components. WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY Details Fluid power components are permanently mounted on removable trays that are stored in a lockable cabinet. Valves and cylinders are made of clear plastic to allow students to view internal parts and better comprehend component functions. The two-volume set of manuals is presented in eight and six instructional units, respectively. Each unit covers a broad area of fluid power, and contains an objective, a discussion of fundamentals, and several practical exercises that present the material in small instructional segments. Following step-by-step procedures, each student builds simple fluid power circuits using pneumatic components that demonstrate the principles explained in the discussion. The Fundamental Fluid Power Trainer also features a self-contained cabinet with electric power supply and air compressor; easy-touse controls; SI and imperial units of measurements; Fix-it Shops that illustrate everyday applications of concepts covered; manual, electric, and pilot control; clear plastic components to allow viewing of internal parts; and a transparent cabinet top to allow visual inspection and observation of pneumatic power source components. Volume 1, Fundamentals of Fluid Power Getting to Know the Trainer Fluid Power Fundamentals Introduction to Fluid Power Compressors and Pumps Pressure-Control Valves Directional Controls Actuators Flow Measurement and Control Volume 2, Fundamentals of Fluid Power Getting to Know the Trainer Pilot-Operated Valves Cam Operated Valves Solenoid Operated Valves Special Components Advanced Applications

10 MECHANICAL Lab-Volt offers the most comprehensive and flexible course in fluid power available. Lab-Volt s premier training system for fluid power technology consists of two programs. The Hydraulics Training System, Model 6080, and the Pneumatics Training System, Model Both are innovative, modular systems that use state-of-the-art hardware and courseware to deliver job training in fluid power. The entire fluid power series has been designed for educational growth. Using either the Hydraulics or the Pneumatics Training Systems, students gain a solid foundation in, and hands-on experience with, fluid power components and circuits; the principles and concepts underlying fluid power systems and applications; and methods of troubleshooting and testing fluid systems. Each lesson builds upon previous lessons, making this an ideal job-training program. Most of the components used for electrical control of the Lab-Volt Hydraulics Training System are also intended to be used with the Lab-Volt Pneumatics Training System, Model 6081, allowing interconnection of both systems to perform more complete functions. Hydraulics Pneumatics The Lab-Volt Hydraulics Training System, Model 6080, is a modular program in hydraulics and its applications. The system is divided into five subsystems: Hydraulics Fundamentals, Electrical Control of Hydraulic Systems, Hydraulics Applications PLC (programmable logic controllers), Servo Control of Hydraulic Systems, and Sensors. In Hydraulics Fundamentals, students are introduced to the basic principles and components of hydraulics. Electrical Control of Hydraulic Systems covers electrical control of hydraulic systems with ladder diagrams. Hydraulics Applications PLC expands upon the others with hydraulics applications controlled by PLCs. In Servo Control of Hydraulic Systems, students are introduced to servo-controlled hydraulic systems and their associated circuitry. In Sensors, students are introduced to the operating characteristics of six types of photoelectric and proximity sensors. SERVO/PROPORTIONAL CONTROL Model Servo/Proportional Control of Hydraulic System and Model Pneumatic Servo/Proportional Control of Pneumatic Systems The Servo/Proportional Control module is an add-on to the Electrical Control system for both Hydraulics and Pneumatics. Through handson operation of signal conditioners, pressure and position transducers, P.I.D. controller, proportional directional control valve, feedback devices, and corresponding interface hardware and courseware, students are trained in the precise controls used in industrial applications such as robotics, aviation, CNC machines, marine, mobile equipment, and material handling. All exercises require Basic and Electrical Control of Hydraulic and/or Pneumatic Systems. The system is divided into five subsystems: Pneumatics Fundamentals, Electrical Control of Pneumatic Systems, Pneumatics Applications PLC (programmable logic controller), Servo Control of Pneumatic Systems, and Sensors. In Pneumatics Fundamentals, the students are introduced to the basic principles and components of pneumatics. Electrical Control of Pneumatic Systems covers electrical control of pneumatic systems with ladder diagrams. Pneumatics Applications PLC expands upon the others with pneumatics applications controlled by PLC. In Servo Control of Pneumatic Systems, students are introduced to servo-controlled pneumatic systems and their associated circuitry. In Sensors, students are introduced to the operating characteristics of six types of photoelectric and proximity sensors.

11 ADVANCED FLUID CONTROL APPLICATIONS Models , , 6082, and 6085 HYDRAULICS & PNEUMATICS APPLICATIONS - PLC Model 6082 Using a PLC with either the Hydraulics or Pneumatics Training System, students learn how to send instructions to the PLC and download ladder programs in order to operate fluid power circuits by means of switches, sensors, and solenoid-operated directional valves. The PLC also allows students to make a comparison with relay-operated control circuits and design time-delay circuits, up and down counting circuits, latch and unlatch circuits, and more. Three PLC models are available: Allen Bradley, Omron, and Siemens. Each of them may be programmed using an advanced programming software. Please see the following pages for more PLCs. Programmable Logic Controller Review Timer Instructions Counter Instructions Latching and Comparison Instructions Time-Delay Control of Hydraulic Actuators Counting Actuator Cycles Safety Control of Actuators PLC-Controlled Clamp and Work System Troubleshooting Designing a PLC-Controlled Punching Press (Hydraulics) Designing a PLC-Controlled Conveyor System (Hydraulics) Designing a PLC-Controlled Die Casting Machine (Hydraulics) Designing a PLC-Controlled Stamping Machine (Pneumatics) Designing a PLC-Controlled Conveyor System (Pneumatics) Designing a PLC-Controlled Injection Molding Machine (Pneumatics) WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY Model 6082 ELECTRONIC SENSORS SET Model 6085 The Lab-Volt Sensors Training System, Model 6085-A, is designed to familiarize students with the operation of various sensor types. This training system is an add-on to Electrical Control of Hydraulic Systems, Model and Electrical Control of Pneumatic Systems, Model It is also available as a stand-alone system. The Sensors Training System contains a selection of photoelectric, inductive, and capacitive sensors representative of what can be found in the industry. Each sensor is mounted on a flexible support attached to a metallic base which can be snapped into the perforations of the Hydraulics and Pneumatics Trainer work surfaces. The sensors are protected against reverse polarity and can be used in conjunction with Programmable Logic Controller to achieve advanced fluid control applications. As a stand-alone system, the Sensors Training System also includes a power supply, pilot lamps, leads, and a work surface. Model 6085-A Introduction to Sensors Diffuse Reflective Photoelectric Switches Background Suppression Photoelectric Switches Fiber-Optic Photoelectric Switches Polarized Retroreflective Switches Capacitive Proximity Switches Inductive Proximity Switches

12 MECHANICAL The Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), Model 3240, enables students to develop competence in operating, programming, and troubleshooting modern PLC-controlled circuits. The PLC trainer, Model 3240, is based on the latest Allen-Bradley Micrologix 1200 controller, and is supported by Lab-Volt instructional material. Programming is achieved using the Windows -based RSLogix 500 software from Rockwell Software. Details The PLC trainer can be used to achieve PLC control of typical industrial applications implemented with a Mechanical Process Simulator, and of virtual industrial processes simulated by the PLC Simulation Software (P-SIM 2000). The PLC trainer can also be used with the Lab-Volt Industrial Controls Training System, Model 3100, as well as the Lab-Volt Electromechanical Systems, Models 8001 and The training program consists of two courses covering basic programming to advanced applications. The PLC trainer includes 12 fault-insertion switches for troubleshooting training. The PLC trainer includes an Allen-Bradley Micrologix 1200 PLC; 12 Fault switches for troubleshooting; 14 dual-voltage PLC inputs; seven PLC input switches (toggle-and push button-type); 10 dualvoltage PLC outputs; expansion spacing for the addition of an optional analog input/output module; and RS-232 DF1 full-duplex communication link between the PLC and RSLogix. The PLC trainer is also circuit-breaker protected. Basic Principles Familiarization with the PLC Trainer and RSLogix 500 Programming Basics Online Operations Latching Instructions Timer Instructions Counter Instructions Sequencer Instructions Comparison Instructions Shift Register Instructions/The Force Function Applications Introduction to the Mechanical Process Simulator Controlling a Line Welding System with a PLC Controlling an Automatic Component Insertion Machine with a PLC Designing a PLC-Controlled Automated System Introduction to the P-SIM Simulation Software Controlling a Traffic Light System with a PLC Controlling a Filling Line with a PLC Controlling a Batch Mixing Process Training Systems for other PLCs are also available.

13 PLC TRAINING SYSTEM EQUIPMENT Various Models P-SIM to PLC Interface Model 3243 The Allen-Bradley Micrologix 1200 PLC on the PLC Trainer, Model 3240, can be used to control the PLC Simulation software (P-SIM 2000), Model 91773, in order to simulate the operation of typical industrial processes. To do this, an interface is needed: the P-SIM to PLC Interface, Model WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY Model 3243 Expansion Module Model 3244 The Expansion Module provides greater PLC input/output capability for advanced training by permitting the user to add two analog inputs and two analog outputs to the Micrologix 1200 PLC of the trainer. Model 3244 RSLogix 500 Programming Software Model 3245 The RSLogix 500 Programming Software Model 3245 from Rockwell Software provides the capability to program the PLC with a personal computer. A direct communication link (DF1 full duplex) is used to connect the PLC to the computer, sparing the need for any interface between them. Model 3245 Communication Cable Model The Communication Cable is used to connect the computer to the PLC when using programming software. Mechanical Process Simulator Model 3290 The Mechanical Process Simulator, Model 3290, is designed to simulate industrial mechanical processes. It is used with the PLC Trainer to study sequential, on/off control of typical production lines involving linear position control. The process includes seven limit switches providing input signals to the PLC, and four output load solenoids activated through programming of the PLC outputs. Model Network Interface Devices The following network interface devices can be added to the PLC for communications: Advanced Interface Converter (AIC+) provides an interface to DH-485 networks from an RS-232 port, DeviceNet Interface (DNI), and Ethernet Interface (ENI). Model 3290

14 MECHANICAL P-SIM demonstrates the programming and operation of an actual programmable logic controller (PLC). The functionality of P-SIM is representative of current trends employed by PLC manufacturers. Upon completion of the P-SIM 2000 course, students will understand and will be able to program basic relay inputs, output instructions, counters, timer circuits, compare functions, and debugging procedures. In order to proceed with P-SIM 2000, students must demonstrate an understanding of basic relay logic control. PLC Simulation Software (P-SIM 1000) Model P-SIM 1000 is a stand-alone, self-paced, interactive, computer-based introductory tutorial for PLC technology. It serves as a prerequisite to the more advanced PLC Simulation Software P-SIM 2000, Model and is intended for students who have had no exposure to PLC technology. P-SIM 1000 incorporates colorful, animated graphics to display PLC concepts, which are presented as industrial process simulations complete with interactive control functions. PLC Simulation Software (P-SIM 2000) Model The P-SIM 2000 software enables an IBM-compatible computer to act as a process simulator when demonstrating PLC operations. A built-in ladder logic program editor allows students to create, test and debug industry-standard ladder logic programs to control animated processes. The simulated PLC includes the five basic input and output instructions, counters, timers, and compare function blocks. It also incorporates logical AND/OR operations in PLC programs by means of branching. Typical processes, such as batch mixing and material transfer, are graphically displayed as animations, which respond to changes to the ladder logic program in the same manner that actual process equipment would respond. With the optional P-SIM to PLC Interface, Model 3243, or Programmable Logic Controller, Model 3270, students can write programs to control the on-screen P-SIM simulations. P-SIM I/O Interface PLC programming may be taught and practiced using the built-in ladder logic program editor or, with the P-SIM I/O interface, any PLC can be easily connected by using industry-standard 24 Vdc I/O. The PLC is then programmed to control the simulations within the P-SIM program. Model Introduction to the PLC Introduction to Ladder Logic AND D Normally Open Contacts OR D Normally Open Contacts Normally Open/Normally Closed Contacts Interlocked Logic Lock-in Using Momentary Contacts On-Delay Time Traffic Light Logic Counter Application Model Familiarization with P-SIM 2000 Rung Editor Basic Input/Output PLC Instructions Branching Timer and Counter PLC Instructions Comparison PLC Instructions Silo Simulation Batch Mixer Simulation Traffic Lights Simulation I/O Simulation

15 ELECTRICAL WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIAL WIRING TRAINING SYSTEM Model The Lab-Volt Industrial Wiring Training System, Model faithfully reproduces an industrial environment where students can develop their skills in the installation and wiring of industrial electrical equipment, in compliance with the National Electrical Code (NEC ). The system can also be used to teach trainees how to adjust and maintain industrial electrical equipment as well as enforce the safety rules to be followed when working at industrial sites. Details Due to its modular design, the Industrial Wiring System can be configured to fit various training needs. A versatile, mobile workstation is the basis of the system. A variety of equipment packages, tool packages, and industrial application packages are available to adjust the curriculum to customized training levels. Packages of consumable goods, such as conduits, conduit fittings, dummy electrical enclosures and boxes, and reels of electrical wire are also available. The Industrial Wiring Trainer supports up to four equipment setups at a time, allowing multiple student groups to work at a single workstation. Two or more equipment setups can be grouped together to form complex industrial applications. Selection of equipment packages allows the system to meet a wide range of training objectives while fully illustrated courseware guides students through various tasks. This trainer also includes a mobile workstation featuring swiveling casters with lock mechanisms for easy motion and stable operation. The trainer is sized to fit through standard door openings. Cabinet Installation Conduit Installation Industrial Equipment Wiring Electrical Safety Electrical Diagrams Power Distribution Motor Starters AC/DC Drives Industrial Applications

16 ELECTRICAL The 0.2-kW Electromechanical Training System, Model 8001, was developed by educators to satisfy educational requirements that include industrial applications of electric power technology. The design objective was to develop a low-power educational system with equipment that operates like indus trial equipment. Through careful attention to engineering detail, the Lab-Volt EMS System meets this objective, and in so doing, provides laboratory results that are easy to understand, with data values that are easily observed. The system s modular approach allows new equipment to be added to existing EMS laboratories without needless duplication of equipment. There are two standard module sizes: full size, 308 mm (12.1 in) high, and half size, 154 mm (6.1 in) high. The modules are constructed of heavy-gauge steel, finished in baked enamel. Symbols and diagrams specific to each module are clearly silk-screen ed on the front panels. Standard, color-coded, 4-mm safety jacks are used to interconnect all system components. All machines have cutaway bell housings (front and rear) to permit visual inspection of the internal construction and observation of the machine during operation. The metering modules are designed to cover the com plete range of required measure ments with a minimum number of meters. The AC ammeter and voltmeter modules contain three meters for simultaneously measuring all three currents and voltages in three-phase systems. All meters are designed to sustain starting currents even when used on a low range. Wattmeters are internally con nected to read power directly when the input is connected to the source and the output to the load. Protection of vulner able meter components is accomplished without fuses.

17 WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY Power Circuits Series and Parallel Equivalent Resistances Resistances in Parallel Resistances in Series and in Series-Parallel Safety and the Power Supply Ohm s Law Circuit Solution, Part I Circuit Solution, Part II Power in DC Circuits, Part I Power in DC Circuits, Part II The Transmission Line AC Voltage and Current AC Voltage and Current Measurement The Wattmeter Phase Angle, Real and Apparent Power Capacitive Reactance Inductive Reactance Watt, Var, Volt-Ampere and Power Factor Vectors and Phasors B Series Circuits Vectors and Phasors B Parallel Circuits Impedance Three-Phase Circuits Three-Phase Watts, Vars and Volt-Amperes Three-Phase Power Measurement Phase Sequence DC Machines Prime Mover & Torque Measurement The Direct Current Motor, Part I The Direct Current Motor, Part II The DC Shunt Motor The DC Series Motor The DC Compound Motor The DC Separately-Excited Shunt Generator The DC Self-Excited Shunt Generator The DC Compound Generator The DC Motor Starter Thyristor Speed Controller Thyristor Speed Controller with Regulation Single-Phase Transformers and AC Machines The Single-Phase Transformer Transformer Polarity Transformer Regulation The Autotransformer Transformers in Parallel Distribution Transformer Prime Mover & Torque Measurement The Split-Phase Induction Motor, Part I The Split-Phase Induction Motor, Part II The Split-Phase Induction Motor, Part III The Capacitor-Start Motor The Capacitor-Run Motor The Universal Motor, Part I The Universal Motor, Part II Three-Phase Transformers and AC Machines Three-Phase Transformer Connections Prime Mover & Torque Measurement The Wound-Rotor Induction Motor, Part I The Wound-Rotor Induction Motor, Part II The Wound-Rotor Induction Motor, Part III The Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor The Synchronous Motor, Part I The Synchronous Motor, Part II The Synchronous Motor, Part III The Three-Phase Alternator The Alternator Under Load Alternator Synchronization Alternator Power The Three-Phase Induction Motor Starters Frequency Conversion Reactance and Frequency Selsyn Control Estimated Program Hours 150 Hours System Voltages 120 V, 60 Hz 220 V, 50 Hz 240 V, 50 Hz

18 ELECTRICAL The Computer-Assisted 0.2-kW Electromechanical Training System, Model 8006, is a modern modular program that provides new opportunities for laboratory observations in the study of electric power technology. The system is based on the same modular approach as the 8001 Training System. However, instead of using pointer measuring instruments, it uses a computer-based system for measuring, observing, and analyzing electrical and mechanical parameters in electric power systems and power electronics circuits. The computer-based system, referred to as the Lab-Volt Data Acquisition and Management for Electromechanical Systems (LVDAM-EMS), Model 9062, allows training in various areas, such as electric power technology, AC/ DC machines, and power electronics, using modern and versatile measuring instruments. The exercises of the manuals Power Circuits and Trans formers, and AC/DC Motors and Generators have been updated to account for the special capabilities of the computer-based measuring instruments, and of the evolution in the field of modern electrical engineering. Power Circuits and Transformers Fundamentals for Electric Power Technology Voltage, Current, Ohm s Law Equivalent Resistance Power in DC Circuits Series and Parallel Circuits Alternating Current The Sine Wave Instantaneous Power Phase Angle Capacitors in AC Circuits Capacitive Reactance Equivalent Capacitance Capacitive Phase Shift and Reactive Power Inductors in AC Circuits Inductive Reactance Equivalent Inductance Inductive Phase Shift and Reactive Power Power, Phasors and Impedance in AC Circuits Power in AC Circuits Vectors & Phasors in Series AC Circuits Vectors & Phasors in Parallel AC Circuits Impedance Three-Phase Circuits Balanced Three-Phase Circuits Three-Phase Power Measurement Phase Sequence

19 WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY Single-Phase Transformer Voltage and Current Ratios Transformer Polarity Transformer Regulation Special Transformer Connections The Autotransformer Transformers in Parallel Distribution Transformers Three-Phase Transformers Three-Phase Transformer Connections Voltage and Current Relationships The Open-Delta Connection AC/DC Motors and Generators Fundamentals for Rotating Machines Prime Mover Operation Dynamometer Operation Motor Power, Losses, and Efficiency DC Motors and Generators The Separately-Excited DC Motor Separately-Excited, Series, Shunt, and Compound DC Motors Separately-Excited, Shunt, and Compound DC Generator Special Characteristics of DC Motors Armature Reaction and Saturation Effect The Universal Motor AC Induction Motors The Three-Phase Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor Eddy-Current Brakes and Asynchronous Generators Effect of Voltage on the Characteristics of Induction Motors Single-Phase Induction Motors Synchronous Motors The Three-Phase Synchronous Motor Synchronous Motor Pull-Out Torques Three-Phase Synchronous Generators (Alternators) Synchronous Generator No-Load Operation Voltage Regulation Characteristics Frequency and Voltage Regulation Generator Synchronization Metering Panel in LVDAM-EMS Estimated Program Hours 120 Hours System Voltages 120 V, 60 Hz 220 V, 50 Hz 240 V, 50 Hz

20 ELECTRICAL The Data Acquisition and Management for Electromechanical Systems (LVDAM-EMS), Model 9062, is a computer-based system for measuring, observing, and analyzing electrical and mechanical parameters in electric power systems and power electronics circuits. It allows training in various areas, such as electric power technology, AC/DC machines, and power electronics, using modern and versatile measuring instru ments. The LVDAM-EMS system consists of a data acquisi tion interface (DAI) and the Lab-Volt software Data Acquisi tion and Management for Electromechanical Systems (LVDAM-EMS). Data Acquisition Interface The Data Acquisition Interface (DAI) consists of isolation and data acquisition units. The isolation unit converts high-level voltages and currents found in electric power systems and power electronics circuits into low-level signals, and routes these signals to the data acquisition unit. The data acquisi tion unit converts the low-level signals into digital numbers (data) that are sent to the personal computer that runs the LVDAM-EMS software. Interconnection between the DAI module and the computer is made through a supplied standard USB cable. The DAI module has isolated voltage and current inputs fitted with 4-mm banana safety jacks, which can be con nected to AC or DC power circuits. Low-level inputs for torque and speed measurement can be connected to the Prime Mover / Dynamometer, Model 8960, which provides output signals proportional to torque and speed. Eight software-programmable, low-level, auxiliary analog inputs allow measurement of additional circuit parameters. Two analog outputs, also software-programmable, allow direct control of the Prime Mover/Dynamometer, or of the Power Electronics modules to which they are connected. LVDAM-EMS Software The LVDAM-EMS software consists of a set of conventional and specialized instruments that run on an IBM -compatible personal computer under the Microsoft Windows operating environment. Each instrument appears as a window on the computer screen. The conventional instruments include AC/DC voltmeters and ammeters, power meters, and an eight-channel oscilloscope. The specialized instruments include a six-channel phasor analyzer, a harmonic analyzer, a spectrum analyzer, torque, speed, and mechanical power meters, and six user-programmable meters. The LVDAM-EMS software is also provided with data-recording and graph-plotting facilities. The various instruments are briefly described in the next section. Metering The Metering window can include up to eighteen meters, which can be configured for measuring voltage and current, electrical power (active, reactive, and apparent), torque, speed, mechanical power, etc. The voltage and current meters have several modes of operation that allow measure ment of the mean (DC) value, Root Mean Square (RMS) value, crest factor, RMS value of a particular harmonic (up to the 15 th ), RMS value of the harmonics, and total harmonic distor tion (THD). Six of the 18 meters are user-programmable for access to a larger variety

21 WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY of functions, allowing measurement of: power factor, efficiency, impedance, frequency, energy, phase shift, etc. The arrange ment (layout) of the meters in the Metering window can be customized by the user. Data Table and Graph The values displayed by the various meters in the Metering window as well as values measured by the other instruments in LVDAM- EMS can be recorded in the Data Table window with a click of the mouse. The values recorded in the Data Table can be saved to a file (ASCII-formatted file). The re corded data also can be used to plot graphs by selecting which parameter(s) to plot in the Graph window. This allows lab results to be plotted quickly and easily. More sophisti cated graphs can be created by exporting the contents of the Data Table window to any popular spreadsheet program, such as Microsoft Excel, directly through the Windows Clipboard. Oscilloscope The Oscilloscope can display up to eight waveforms simultaneously. The waveforms are displayed using different colors to simplify identification. Each channel has independ ent vertical controls similar to those found on conventional oscilloscopes. An automatic scale-setting function allows the sensitivity of each channel to be set automatically accord ing to the magnitude of the observed parameter. The time base and trigger controls are similar to those found on most oscilloscopes to simplify adjustment. The RMS value, average value, and frequency of each of the observed parameters can be displayed in a table in the Oscilloscope window. Two vertical cursors can be activated to perform precise measure ments at particular points on the displayed waveforms. The Oscilloscope has two memories for saving the displayed waveforms. Phasor Analyzer The innovative Phasor Analyzer allows students to analyze AC power circuits with the phasors related to voltages and currents instead of the values and waveforms of these volt ages and currents. Circuit voltages and currents can be monitored easily for relative amplitudes and phase differences simply by looking at their respective phasors on the Phasor Analyzer display. This produces a unique and dynamic display of the voltages and currents in a circuit, especially in three-phase circuits, that cannot be obtained with conventional instruments. The RMS value, phase angle, and fre quency of the voltage or current related to each phasor is displayed in a table in the Phasor Analyzer window. Spectrum Analyzer The Spectrum Analyzer allows frequency-domain observation and analysis of voltages and currents. It is a frequency-selec tive instrument that measures the level of the frequency components in the selected voltage or current, and displays the results on a graduated screen. The vertical scale of the screen can be either linear or logarithmic. The center fre quency is set manually or using the Seek function which searches for the next frequency component in the observed spectrum. Various frequency spans can be selected to display the observed frequency spectrum. Vertical and horizontal cursors can be activated to perform precise measurements at particular points on the frequency spectrum displayed on the graduated screen. The Spectrum Analyzer has two mem ories for saving frequency spectra. Harmonic Analyzer The Harmonic Analyzer allows observation and analysis of the harmonic components in voltages and currents. The fundamental frequency can be set to the AC power network frequency, set manually by the user, or set automatically to the frequency of the fundamental component of the selected voltage or current. The number of harmonic components displayed can be varied between 5 and 40. The harmonic components of the selected voltage or current can be dis played using a vertical scale graduated in either absolute or relative values. Various vertical scale settings are available. A group of data displays in the Harmonic Analyzer indicates the values of the DC component, fundamental component, and harmonic components of the selected voltage or current, as well as the total harmonic distortion (THD). Vertical and horizontal cursors can be activated to perform precise mea surements at particular points on the display.

22 ELECTRICAL The 0.2-kW Power Electronics Training System, Model 8032, is a versatile and flexible teaching system, covering many topics that can be included in any power electronics program. The 0.2-kW Power Electronics Training System uses the same modular approach as the Lab-Volt EMS Training Sys tems, Models 8001 and It even shares several modules with the EMS Training Systems. The modular design allows experiments other than those suggested in the cours eware to be performed. Although the modules operate like industrial equipment, they are designed to satisfy the special needs of students. The equipment is easy to set up and operate. Because all of the important circuit points are readily accessible through front-panel safety banana jacks, the interconnection between modules is simple and straight forward. Special attention has been given to the circuit protection provided in all modules, thus making it possible to perform many experiments with virtually no risk to equipment. Voltage and current isolators allow students to observe, on an oscilloscope (to be purchased separately), the high-level voltage and current waveforms found in power electronics circuits. The use of isolators allows the voltages and currents to be handled without risk of an electric shock, a short circuit, or equipment damage. Conventional voltmeters, ammeters, power meters, a tachometer, and an electro dynamom eter are provided for the measurement of electrical and mechanical parameters in power electronics circuits. As a highly modular, flexible, open-ended system, the 0.2- kw Power Electronics Training System lends itself well to a wide variety of sophisticated applications not covered in the courseware. As a result, the equipment also can be used for comprehensive research work, allowing complex power electronics systems to be set up easily and in a relatively short time.

23 WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY The system courseware consists of a nine-volume educational program plus an equipment familiarization guide. The educational program is divided into two separate subjects covering line-commu tated and self-commutat ed con vert ers, which respectively use power thyristors (SCRs) and power IGBTs or power MOSFETs. The conventional voltmeters, ammeters, power meters, oscilloscope, and electrodynamometer used in the 0.2-kW Power Electronics Training System can be replaced with the Lab-Volt Data Acquisition and Management for Electromechanical Systems (LVDAM-EMS), Model 9062, and the Prime Mover/Dynamometer, Model This provides a complete set of versatile computer-based instruments that opens new opportunities for laboratory measurement, observation, and analysis. Thyristor Circuits Power Diode Single-Phase and Two-Phase Rectifiers Power Diode Three-Phase Rectifiers The Power Thyristor Introduction to AC Phase Control Thyristor Single-Phase Bridge Rectifier/ Inverter Thyristor Three-Phase Rectifier/Inverter Thyristor Three-Phase Six-Pulse Converter MOSFET Circuits Introduction to High-Speed Power Switching The MOSFET Buck Chopper The MOSFET Boost Chopper The MOSFET Buck/Boost Chopper The MOSFET Four-Quadrant Chopper The MOSFET Single-Phase Inverter The MOSFET Two-Phase Inverter The MOSFET Three-Phase Inverter AC Network Control Systems General Theory and Operation Open-Loop Operation Regulation Systems Automatic Power-Factor Control using a Synchronous Capacitor HVDC Power Systems Introduction to HVDC Power System Control Manual and Automatic Control of HVDC Power Systems Power Flow in HVDC Systems Commutation at the Inverter End of an HVDC Power System Thyristor DC Motor Drives The Four-Quadrant Converter A Four-Quadrant Converter Application DC Motor Control using Speed Feedback DC Motor Control using Speed and Current Feedback MOSFET DC Motor Drives The MOSFET Buck Chopper Drive The MOSFET Buck/Boost Chopper Drive The MOSFET Four-Quadrant Chopper Drive DC Motor Control using Speed and Current Feedback Thyristor AC Motor Drives Induction-Motor Drive with Voltage Control Wound-Rotor Induction-Motor Drive with Static Cascade MOSFET AC Motor Drives Saturation and Effect of Frequency in Magnetic Circuits Three-Phase Voltage-Source Inverter Induction-Motor Drive Constant V/f Ratio PWM-Inverter Induction-Motor Drive Operation of a Synchronous Motor as a Stepper Motor Industrial AC Motor Drives VSI Induction-Motor Drive Powered by a Phase-Con trolled Thyristor Bridge VSI Induction-Motor Drive Powered by a Buck Chopper VSI Induction-Motor Drive Powered by a Thyristor Four- Quadrant Converter VSI Induction-Motor Drive with Speed Feedback and Torque Limitation VSI Induction-Motor Drive Powered by a DC Link with a Dump Resistor Estimated Program Hours 145 hours

24 ELECTRICAL Thyristor Speed Controller and Vector-Control Drive Converter Modules Power electronics and motor drives occupy a significant place in the Lab-Volt product line. For a curriculum that implies a basic knowl edge of power electronics and motor drives, Lab-Volt offers the following two training modules: The Thyristor Speed Controller, Model 9017, which allows control of a DC motor by using an AC-to-DC converter made of a thyristor single-phase halfbridge rectifier. This module is included in the 0.2-kW Electromechanical Training System, Model It is optional in the Computer-Assisted 0.2-kW Electromechanical Train ing System, Model The Vector-Control Drive Converter, Model 9013, which enables control of a three-phase induction motor by using an AC-to-DC converter made of a diode three-phase bridge rectifier, and an IGBT inverter that converts DC to AC. This module is an excellent addition to the Computer-Assisted 0.2-kW Electromechanical Training System, Model 8006, because it makes it possible to study power electronics with a minimum of equipment. Power Electronics Simulation Software (PESIM) Many exercises in power electronics can also be performed using the Power Electronics Simulation Software (PESIM), Model This software also allows the simulation of power electronics circuits that cannot be implemented with the actual Lab-Volt equipment. DC Variable Speed Drive and AC Variable Speed Drive Lab-Volt offers two other optional motor drive modules: the DC Variable Speed Drive, Model 3250, and the AC Variable Speed Drive, Model Each module is an actual industrial drive mounted to a table-top chassis. Models 3250 and 3260 can be used with any one of the following three training systems: Industrial Controls Training System, Model 3100, 0.2-kW Electromechanical Training System, Model 8001, and Computer-Assisted 0.2-kW Electromechanical Training System, Model AC Variable Speed Drive Model 3260 DC Variable Speed Drive Model 3250

25 WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY ADDITIONAL ELECTROMECHANICAL EQUIPMENT The modular system approach allows equipment to be added to existing EMS laboratories to offer more advanced exercises or to cover specialized fields of study. Three-Phase Reluctance Motor, Two-Value Capacitor Motor, and Triple-Rate Motor Additional Motors and Starters The additional equipment offered by Lab-Volt includes a Dahlander Two-Speed Constant Power Induction Motor, Two-Pole Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor, Linear Motor, Three-Phase Wound-Rotor Induction Motor, Three-Phase Synchronous Reluc tance Motor, Repulsion-Start Induction- Run Motor, Triple-Rate Motor, High-Leakage Reactan ce Trans former, Manual DC Motor Starter, Synchronous Motor Starter, Three-Phase Full-Voltage Starter, Star (Wye)/Delta Star ter, Reduced Voltage Primary Resistor Starter, Reduced Voltage Autotransformer Starter, Three-Phase Rheostat, and many others. Dissectible Machines Training System and Motor Winding Kit Many motors can be constructed and operated by the students using the Dissectible Machines Training System, Model It is even possible to carry out the motor windings using the Motor Winding Kit, Model With this system, students can analyze the behavior of a motor with different configurations of windings. Dissectible Machines 2-kW Electromechanical Training System For those who prefer to handle higher power machines, Lab-Volt offers the 2-kW Electromechanical Training System, Model This system is offered with pointer measuring instruments only and offers the same topics as the 8001 system.

26 ELECTRICAL Two-Phase Wound-Rotor Induction Motor, Model 8233 Each phase of the stator windings of the Two-Phase Wound- Rotor Induction Motor, Model 8233, is independently terminated and identified on the faceplate to permit operation with a two-phase electric power source. The rotor windings are brought out to the faceplate via external slip rings and brushes. This machine can be used as a wound-rotor induction motor, phase shifter, single-phase variable coupling trans former, two-phase transformer, selsyn control, frequency converter or asynchronous induction generator. Three-Phase Brushless AC Generator, Model 8243 The Three-Phase Brushless AC Generator, Model 8243, is a synchronous generator without its conventional brush-gear for field excitation. It comprises an AC power generator and an exciter, which can be set in one of two modes: separately excited (PILOT) or self-excited (AUTO). The exciter voltage is adjustable in both modes using a rheostat control on the module faceplate. A shaft-mounted rectifier assembly interconnects the exciter and generator rotors. Connections of these devices have been brought out to the faceplate through externally mounted slip rings and brushes. Each phase of the stator windings is independently terminated to permit operation in either Delta or Star (Wye) configuration. Additional Motors and Starters Lab-Volt offers many other motors and starters supplied with their corresponding courseware to complete more advanced programs. This includes: Dahlander Two-Speed Constant Power Induction Motor, Model 8223 Dahlander Two-Speed Variable Torque Induction Motor, Model 8224 Dahlander Two-Speed Constant Torque Induction Motor, Model 8225 Two-Pole Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor, Model 8227 Three-Phase Wound-Rotor Induction Motor, Model 8231 Three-Phase Synchronous Reluctance Motor, Model 8246 Capacitor-Run Motor, Model 8253 Repulsion-Start Induction-Run Motor, Model 8255 Two-Value Capacitor Motor, Model 8259 Triple-Rate Motor, Model 8266 High-Leakage Reactance Transformer, Model 8350 Manual DC Motor Starter, Model 8631 Synchronous Motor Starter, Model 8641 Three-Phase Full-Voltage Starter, Model 8651 Star (Wye)/Delta Starter, Model 8653 Reduced Voltage Primary Resistor Starter, Model 8661 Reduced Voltage Autotransformer Starter, Model 8671 Three-Phase Rheostat, Model 8731 The Ward-Leonard System The Two-Speed Constant Torque Motor The Schrage Motor The Synchronous Reluctance Motor The Two-Value Capacitor Motor The High-Leakage Reactance Transformer Phase-Shifting with Transformers The Repulsion-Start Induction-Run Motor The Brushless AC Generator

27 0.2-kW ELECTRIC POWER TRAINING SYSTEMS Model 8055 WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY The 0.2-kW Electric Power Transmission Training System, Model 8055, consists of modular hardware and corresponding courseware. Electrical phenomena, previously studied solely by using advanced-level mathematics, can now be observed through the effects of voltage transients and power oscilla tions. Voltage regulation, real and reactive power flow con trol, and system stability can also be observed in Lab-Volt laboratory exercises. The system was developed by educators to satisfy educational requirements that include industrial applica tions of electric power technology. The design objective was to develop a low-power (0.2 kw) transmission line system of equipment that operates like industrial equipment. Through careful attention to engineering detail, Lab- Volt has achieved this objective and in so doing, provides laboratory results that are easy to understand, with data values that are easily observed. Safety and the Power Supply Phase Sequence Real Power and Reactive Power Power Flow and Voltage Regulation of a Simple Transmis sion Line Phase Angle and Voltage Drop Between Sender and Receiver Parameters which Affect Real and Reactive Power Flow Parallel Lines, Transformers, and Power-Handling Capacity The Alternator The Synchronous Motor The Synchronous Capacitor and Long High Voltage Lines Transmission Line Networks and the Three-Phase Regu lating Autotransformer The Synchronous Motor Under Load Hunting and System Oscillation Power System Transients Additional Experiments Estimated Program Hours 45 hours

28 ELECTRICAL Shown with Optional Equipment The innovative 0.2-kW Protective Relaying Training System, Model 8007, extends training in protective relaying beyond the operation and calibration of individual relays into broader circuit applications. The system provides hands-on training, at the system level, in the following fields of protective relay ing: Generator Protection, Transformer Protection, and Induc tion Motor Protection. The 0.2-kW Protective Relaying Training System consists of several modules, which can be divided into five groups, as follows: Common Electrical Modules Power supply, synchronous generator, induction motor, prime mover / dynamometer, resistive loads, voltmeters, ammeters, and others. Most of these modules are part of the Lab-Volt 0.2-kW Electromechan ical System (EMS), Model 8001 or Power System Modules, 3700 Series Modules specially designed for training in the protective relaying area, including current transformers, voltage transfor- mers, power transformers, source impedances, a transmission grid, and others. These modules are designed to be in stalled in the Lab-Volt EMS work station. Protective Relaying Control Station Two mobile racks for protective relay operation and storage, including a DC power supply, DC con trol relays for system studies, and an interconnection panel to facilitate connection of the protective relays to the system to be protected. Protective Relays, 3800 Series Selection of protective relays. Each relay is mounted on a metal panel, which facilitates relay installation in the Protective Relaying Control Station. Each relay panel is equipped with fault switches that allow fault insertion for troubleshooting at the system level. The following types of protective relays are available: undercurrent/ overcurrent, under-voltage/overvoltage, synchronism check, underfrequency/overfrequency, phase balance, phase sequence, reverse power, and power factor.

29 WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY Features Modular system approach allows: Selection of areas of interest for study Equipment selection to match budgets Setup of complete power systems/generators feeding various devices such as transformers, transmission lines, and others Progressive system enhancement Use of many modules from the tried and prov en Lab-Volt Electromechanical System (EMS) Fault-insertion capability for troubleshooting at the sys tem level All device connections are terminated with 4-mm safety banana jacks mounted on the module front panels. Ability of power utility customers to combine their own protective relays with the 0.2-kW Protective Relaying Training System to obtain equipment setups that correspond to existing one-line and three-line diagrams. Phase Sequence Relay Module Additional and Optional Equipment Various modules, such as distribution busses, a ring bus, transmission lines, distribution transformers, protective relays, and reactive loads are available. These modules can be added to the basic 0.2-kW Protective Relaying Training System to create more elaborate hands-on exercises. Synchronous Generator Protection Differential Protection Reverse Power Protection Rotor Earth Fault Protection Loss-of-Excitation Protection Overvoltage Protection Overspeed Protection Overcurrent Protection Generator Synchronization Synchronous Generator Protection Scheme Three-Phase Power Transformer Protection Transformer Magnetizing Inrush Differential Protection Restricted Earth Fault Protection Three-Phase Power Transformer Protection Scheme Induction Motor Protection Stator-Winding Fault Protection Overcurrent Protection Phase Reversal Protection Phase Unbalance and Undervoltage Protection Stall Protection Mechanical Overload/Underload Protection Estimated Program Hours 60 hours Faultable Transformers Module

30 ELECTRICAL In the field of industrial relay control, Lab-Volt offers two systems. The first system, Control of Industrial Motors Training System, Model 8045, is designed to operate in the 8001 EMS Training System environment. The second system, Industrial Controls Training System, Series 3100, operates in an autonomous environment. This system comprises many modules and is very representative of the components found in industry. The Control of Industrial Motors Training System, Model 8045, is a complete instructional program that trains students in industrialmotor control through the use of block, wiring, and schematic diagrams. Mechanical and electrical assembly of control circuits is accomplished in the 8001 EMS Training System environment without the use of hand tools. All electrical control components are fitted to a patented metal extrusion, which securely locks them into the desired position along a snap-track. Two mounting modules, each fitted with two sections of snap-track to hold components in place in either a vertical or horizontal plane, can easily be inserted into a Lab-Volt Electromechanical System (EMS) workstation. The student manual, included with the training system, guides students through control circuits, beginning with simple concepts and expanding them, until the full sophisti cation of industrial motor control is reached. Students gain a first-hand knowledge of the reasons why a practice is followed, as well as how the circuit operates. Even the effects of inertia and gravity are incorporated into the scope of the program. The manual is complete with a Glossary of Terms containing the current NEMA, IEC, ANSI, and IEEE official definitions of electrical terms. Continuity Tests Buzzer and Lamp Two-Station and Three-Station Control Control Diagrams Schematic and Connection Electromagnetic Contactors and Relays Full-Voltage Control of a Three-Phase Induction Motor Delayed Start of a Three-Phase Induction Motor Start-Stop-Jog of a Three-Phase Induction Motor Definite-Time Jogging and the Magnetic Brake Forward-Reverse Control of a Three-Phase Induction Motor Primary-Resistor Starting of a Three-Phase Induction Motor Autotransformer Starting of a Three-Phase Induction Motor Wye-Delta Starting of a Three-Phase Induction Motor Unbalanced Starting of a Three-Phase Induction Motor Starting a Three-Phase Wound-Rotor Induction Motor Cam-Switch and Drum-Switch Controls Plugging of Three-Phase Induction Motors Direct-Current Contactors and Relays Direct-Current Time-Delay Relays Cam-Switch Control of a DC Motor CEMF Starting of a DC Motor Definite-Time DC Motor Starter Plugging of a DC Motor Cam-Switch Hoist-Lower Control of a DC Motor Magnetic Hoist-Lower Control of a DC Motor DC Braking of a Three-Phase Motor Three-Phase Synchronous Motor Definite-Time Star ter Three-Phase Synchronous Motor Automatic Synchronization Three-Phase Synchronous Motor Complete Control System Sequence Timer Starting Split-Phase and Capacitor-Start Motors Estimated Program Hours 60 hours

31 WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIAL CONTROLS TRAINING SYSTEM Model 3100 The Industrial Controls Training System, Model 3100, has unique controls training capabilities, enhanced by its modularity and its instructor-inserted faults. The system allows the students to select and mount control devices to form typical control circuits, and to troubleshoot them once a fault is inserted. Each module is equipped with up to four faults that can be inserted using switches mounted behind the faceplate. Typical faults include open coils and contacts, dirty contacts, and shorted connections. The modules of the Industrial Controls Training System can be interconnected with those of other Lab-Volt training systems for interdisciplinary training applications. Connections are made using flexible PVC-insulated connecting leads terminated with 4-mm safety banana plugs. These leads allow safe connection of components, since the live parts of their plugs are concealed and insulated so they cannot be contacted accidentally. Features Comprehensive, competency-based courseware is adjustable to both self-paced and lock-step instructional methods Up to four fault insertion switches can be front activated on each module by an instructor Standard industrial quality controls devices, capable of handling 1 horsepower machine Can be interconnected with any of Lab-Volt s electronics and digital control trainers for interdisciplinary training applications Schematic diagrams silk-screened on front panels Open motor ends allow observation of motor windings Introduction to Motor Control Pilot Devices Circuit Layout Connections and Symbols Basic Control Circuit AC Reduced-Voltage Starters Three-Phase, Multispeed Controllers Wound-Rotor Motor Controllers Synchronous Machine Controls Direct Current Controllers

32 LOW-POWER TRAINING SYSTEMS Four modules in the Wind Power Technology program derive from the Lab-Volt s Fault-Assisted Circuits for Electronics Training (F.A.C.E.T.) system. These include: Thyristors and Power Control Circuits, Model 91011; Magnetism and Electromagne tism, Model 91020; Motors, Generators and Controls, Model 91024; and Power Transistors and GTO Thyristor, Model F.A.C.E.T. is a modular program available as a manual or computer-based (Windows ) system. Each module minimally requires a F.A.C.E.T. base unit and power supply in order to run the corresponding circuit board. In the fields of servomechanisms and synchronous machines, Lab-Volt offers the Synchro-Servo Training System, Model This low-power system allows the students to observe and analyze the fundamental components of servo systems and associated electronic circuits.

33 F.A.C.E.T. THYRISTORS AND POWER CONTROL CIRCUITS Model The Thyristors and Power Control Circuits module, Model 91011, provides comprehensive, hands-on instruction in the fundamental terminology, principles, and applications of thyristors and power control circuits. Following a carefully designed instructional program, students become familiar with all components of the board; are able to isolate, identify, and test a series of circuits; and perform troubleshooting exercises to demonstrate mastery of the course objectives. The system contains the following circuit blocks: Driver; Silicon- Controlled Rectifier (SCR); Triac AC Power Control; SCR DC Gate Half-wave and Full-wave; and SCR AC Gate and Unijunction Transistor (UJT) Half-wave and Full-wave/Motor. WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY Thyristor Component Familiarization Thyristor Circuit Fundamentals Thyristor Component Familiarization Thyristor Circuit Fundamentals Test a Silicon-Controlled Rectifier SCR DC Operation Gate Trigger Voltage and Holding Current SCR Half-Wave Rectifier SCR Control of a Half-Wave Rectifier SCR Control of a Full-Wave Rectifier Half-Wave Phase Control Full-Wave Phase Control UJT Characteristics UJT Half-Wave and Full-Wave Phase Control Bidirectional Conduction The Four Triggering Modes Half-Wave Phase Control Full-Wave Phase Control Troubleshooting Basics Troubleshooting Thyristor Circuits F.A.C.E.T. MOTORS, GENERATORS, AND CONTROLS Model With the Motors, Generators, and Controls module, Model 91024, students can configure, operate and troubleshoot a DC motor, AC synchronous motor, phase shifter, and stepper motor. Following a carefully designed instructional program, students are able to perform troubleshooting exercises on analog and pulse width modulated (PWM) DC motor positioning, analog and PWM DC motor speed control, variable frequency speed control of an AC synchronous motor, operation of a tachogenerator circuit, and speed and position control of a stepper motor with an optional computer interface. DC Motor Circuits Familiarization Stepper Motor and AC Motor Circuits Analog DC Motor Positioning PWM DC Motor Positioning Analog Speed Control of a DC Motor Pulsed Speed Control of a DC Motor Variable Frequency Control The Tachometer Generator The Stepper Motor The Stepper Motor Controller Troubleshooting Microprocessor Interface

34 LOW-POWER TRAINING SYSTEMS The Power Transistors and GTO Thyristor training module, Model 91026, enables students to perform practical exercises that demonstrate the use of different types of power electronic self-commutated switches. The module contains six different types of power electronic self-commutated switches respectively implemented with a MOSFET, an isolated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), a fast IGBT, a bipolar transistor, a Darlington transistor, and a GTO thyristor. It also contains Driver and Load sections that help students to study the various switches. The Driver consists of an opto-isolator and a driver for power transistors. The Load consists of resistive and inductive components, as well as general-purpose, fast, and ultra-fast free-wheeling diodes. Using these power electronic switches, students learn the operation of power transistors and GTO thyristors, as well as how to test their junctions. They observe switching characteristics, conduction voltage drop, and losses of power electronic switches. Students also learn how to match freewheeling diodes with the various types of power electronic switches. Power Transistors and GTO Thyristor Identification Overview of the Power Transistors and GTO Thyristor Circuit Blocks Familiarization with the Driver Section Familiarization with the Load Section Testing Junctions of Power Transistors and GTO Thyristors Operation of Power MOSFETs and IGBTs Operation of Bipolar Power Transistors and GTO Thyristors Power Transistor Turn-On and Turn-Off Conduction Voltage Drop Conduction Losses Switching Losses The Free-Wheeling Diode Use of General-Purpose, Fast, and Ultra-Fast Free-Wheel ing Diodes Bipolar Transistor Switch Characteristics Darlington Transistor Switch Characteristics GTO Thyristor Switch Characteristics Power MOSFET Switch Characteristics IGBT Switch Characteristics Troubleshooting Basics F.A.C.E.T. Modules Available DC Fundamentals DC Network Theorems AC 1 Fundamentals AC 2 Fundamentals Semiconductor Devices Transistor Amplifier Circuits Transistor Power Amplifiers Transistor Feedback Circuits Power Supply Regulation Circuits FET Fundamentals Thyristor and Power Control Circuits Operational Amplifier Fundamentals Operational Amplifier Applications Digital Logic Fundamentals Digital Circuit Fundamentals Digital Circuit Fundamentals Bit Microprocessor Analog Communications Transducer Fundamentals Magnetism and Electromagnetism Digital Communications Digital Communications Motors, Generators, and Controls Fiber Optic Communications Power Transistors and GTO Thyristor Digital Signal Processor Transmission Lines QPSK Microcontrollers (coming in 2008) Bread Board Microprocessor Application Board

35 SYNCHRO-SERVO TRAINING SYSTEM Model 8060 WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY The Synchro-Servo Training System, Model 8060, provides a basic understanding of operational theory, as well as the ability to analyze, troubleshoot, and demonstrate open- and closed-loop synchro-servo systems. System interconnections, oper at ing signal states, trouble symptoms, and zeroing errors are easily conveyed and identified through the front-panel interconnection jacks and stacking leads. The front panels are clearly silk-scree ned with standard electrical and servo mechanism symbols, representing each module s function. The Synchro-Servo Training System is primarily an analog positional control device. It operates on low voltages from the power supply, which is built into the system enclo sure. The control modules are automatically energized when they are inserted into the enclosure. Solid state amplifier modules provide signal amplification, phase shift, and power gain typically required in practical systems. Both control modules and synchro-servo modules have fault-insertion capabilities that introduce common system or component malfunctions. Servomechanisms Power Supplies and Potentiometers Power Amplifiers and Signal Amplifiers Open-Loop Control of a DC Motor AC Motor and Phase Shifter DC and AC Tachometers Open-Loop Speed Control of an AC Motor System Disturbances Response of an Open-Loop Control System Error Detector Principles of Closed-Loop Control Closed-Loop Speed Control of a DC Motor Modulator Closed-Loop Speed Control of an AC Motor Position Control of a DC Motor Synchros Overshoot and Viscous Damping of a Position Servo Position Control of an AC Motor Instability of Closed-Loop Control Systems Instability of a Position Control System Introduction to Synchros Adjusting the Zero Position of Synchros Control Trans mitter and Control Transformer Synchro Position Control System The Demodulator and Synchro Control of a DC Motor Torque Transmitter and Receiver Differential Control Transmitters and Torque Transmitters Estimated Program Hours 40 hours

36 SIMULATION AND COMPUTER-BASED TRAINING SYSTEMS The Hydraulics (LVSIM -HYD) and Pneumatics (LVSIM -PNEU) Simulation Software are Windows -based programs that cover the same courseware as Hydraulics and Pneumatics Fundamentals (Models and ) and Electrical Control of Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems (Models and ). LVSIM -HYD and LVSIM-PNEU recreate a three-dimensional classroom laboratory on a computer screen. The actual equipment of the Lab-Volt Hydraulics and Pneumatics Training Systems is replaced with three-dimensional images, which students can manipulate on the computer screen. Using the mouse, students can install virtual hydraulic and pneumatic equipment in the laboratory, interconnect the equipment, perform a lab exercise, and obtain the same results as with the actual Lab-Volt training equipment. Sophisticated mathematical models accurately simulate the mechanical and electrical characteristics of the hydraulic and pneumatic components (valves, cylinders, motors, flowmeter, and others) and electrical control devices (switches, relays, pilot lamps, etc.) in the actual Lab-Volt Hydraulics and Pneumatics Training Systems. All components and devices contained in the LVSIM -HYD and LVSIM-PNEU software feature the same functionality and appearance as the actual equipment. Detailed cutaway views of the components can be displayed to observe fluid flow inside components. Used either as a complement to the actual Hydraulics or Pneumatics Training System or as a stand-alone product, LVSIM - HYD and LVSIM -PNEU are cost-effective tools that enable students to perform the experiments provided in the courseware mentioned above. Students may copy the LVSIM -HYD or LVSIM -PNEU software onto their own personal computers in order to practice and prepare in advance for their lab exercises. However, measurement capability is restricted by means of a security device. Features LVSIM -HYD and LVSIM -PNEU enable students to perform the following tasks: Install, move, and remove hydraulic and pneumatic components and electrical control devices. Modify or remove connections at any time. Zoom in or out to adjust the view. Perform measurements of flow, pressure, force, velocity and rotation speed. Observe motor rotation, as well as the extension and retraction of cylinder rods. Observe fluid flow inside hydraulic and pneumatic components. Save and restore equipment setups (including the virtual classroom laboratory environment). Hydraulics Simulation Software LVSIM -HYD. Model 6385 Pneumatics Simulation Software LVSIM -PNEU. Model 6485 Virtual Equipment All components from the subsystems for Fundamentals (Hydraulics ; Pneumatics ) and Electrical Control (Hydraulic Systems ; Pneumatic Systems ) are simulated in LVSIM -HYD and LVSIM -PNEU. PC Requirements A Pentium PC, running under one of the following Microsoft operating systems, Windows NT, Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows 2000, or Windows XP is required to run this software. Language Variations English, French, Spanish

37 WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS SIMULATION SOFTWARE (LVSIM -EMS) Model 8970 The Lab-Volt Electromechanical Systems Simulation Software (LVSIM -EMS), Model 8970, is a Windows -based software that covers the same course work as the Computer-Assisted 0.2-kW Electromechanical Training System, Model LVSIM -EMS recreates a three-dimensional classroom labo ratory on a computer screen. Using the mouse, students can install an EMS training system in this virtual laboratory, set up equipment, and perform exercises in the same way as if actual EMS equipment were used. The EMS equipment that can be installed in the virtual laboratory faithfully reproduces the actual EMS equipment included in the Computer-Assisted 0.2-kW Electromechanical Training System (Model 8006). Sophisticated mathematical models fully simulate the electrical and mechanical characteristics of all the actual EMS modules: power supply, motors, generators, transformers, and electrical and mechanical loads. All modules contained in the LVSIM-EMS software feature the same front panel informa tion as the actual EMS modules. Short-circuit connections, in the virtual equip ment setup, cause the virtual circuit-breaker protection to trip as on the actual EMS modules. Used either as a complement to the actual EMS labo ratory equipment or as a stand-alone product, LVSIM-EMS is a costeffective learning tool that enables students to perform the same exercises as in the Computer-Assisted 0.2-kW Electromechanical Training System, Model 8006, courseware. As a stand-alone package, the LVSIM-EMS software program provides hands-on activities to familiarize students with electrical power and machines, including active, reac tive and apparent power, phasors, AC/DC motors and genera tors, three-phase circuits, and trans formers. The LVSIM-EMS virtual equipment is so representative of the actual EMS laboratory equipment that by using it, the students can develop hands-on abilities as they would with actual equipment. By combining stations using virtual equip ment with stations using actual equipment, the students can use each type alternately. This approach allows the establish ment of a virtual/actual station ratio that corresponds to your budget while maintaining a training program of very high quality in power technology. Lab-Volt authorizes students to copy the software onto their personal computers to prepare their lab setups in ad vance. With this free copy of the software, students do not have access to measuring functions. However, they can determine the equipment connections associated with the schematic diagrams shown in the exercises. They can also check if the circuit is working, save the equipment setup on a floppy disk or any other data storage media, and print the equipment setup. This preparation will significantly reduce the time required to perform the exercises in the laboratory, and will result in the need for less physical hardware per student.

38 SIMULATION AND COMPUTER-BASED TRAINING SYSTEMS The Power Electronics Simulation Software (PESIM), Model 8971, is a computer simulation package that delivers quick, efficient, and effective tools for learning power electronics circuit design and analysis. The PESIM package consists of the following three elements: A schematic circuit editor that enables students to create and edit electronic circuits from a comprehensive set of components and function blocks. A powerful calculation engine that uses efficient algorithms to speed simulation and prevent convergency failure. SIMVIEW, a waveform and post-processing tool that enables students to manipulate and observe simulations and their results. Features Electronic circuit editor Fast simulation calculator Time or X/Y waveform viewer (SIMVIEW) Create subcircuits in the main circuit or inside other subcircuits Edit an element or create a new element Undo delete support Cut, copy, and paste selected item(s) 90º, 180º, 270º, and 360º device rotation Mirroring of devices Repeat placement of a device Easy to draw and edit Complete annotation of devices Zoom in or out, zoom an area Fit circuit-to-window function FFT analysis Flexible simulation-control parameters Parts list generation Choice between manual and automatic scaling in all analysis windows. In manual mode, the user fully controls both horizontal and vertical settings, while in automatic mode, scaling is set to maximize the size of the displayed waveform(s). Multiple waveforms can be displayed simultaneously. Depending on the data type, waveforms can be plotted on linear or logarithmic axes. Vertical cursors provide quick and accurate graph measurements. Windows can be easily tiled, cascaded, and sized. Power Diode Single-Phase and Two-Phase Rectifiers Power Diode Three-Phase Rectifiers The Power Thyristor Introduction to AC Phase Control Thyristor Single-Phase Bridge Rectifier/Inverter Thyristor Three-Phase, Six-Pulse Converter Introduction to High-Speed Power Switching The MOSFET Buck Chopper The MOSFET Boost Chopper The MOSFET Buck/Boost Chopper The MOSFET Four-Quadrant Chopper The MOSFET Single-Phase Inverter The MOSFET Two-Phase Inverter The MOSFET Three-Phase Inverter Components and Devices Available Resistors, Inductors, Capacitors, and RLC branches Switches (Diodes, Thyristors, MOS FETs, etc.) Transformers Transfer function blocks (Proportional controllers, Integra tors, Differentiators, etc.) Computational function blocks (Summers, Trigonometric functions, FFT, etc.) Digital components Voltage/Current sources (DC, Sinusoidal, Square Wave, Triangular, etc.) Voltage/Current sensors, probes, and meters On-Off, Alpha, and PWM controllers Estimated Program Hours 30 Hours

39 ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS COMPUTER-BASED LEARNING Model 8980 WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY The Electromechanical Systems Computer-Based Learning (EMS-CBL) program, Model 8980, is a modern instructional tool that runs under the Lab-Volt platform Tech-Lab System and Utilities. It makes learning the principles of electric power technology faster, easier, and more enjoyable than the more traditional, manual method. The EMS-CBL program consists of complete courses in electric power technology delivered on a CD-ROM. It is designed for use with the Computer-Assisted 0.2-kW Electromechanical Training System, Model 8006, or the Electromechanical Systems Simulation Software (LVSIM7-EMS), Model Using the EMS-CBL program with LVSIM-EMS, students can follow a complete course in electric power technology at home, using their own computers and learning at their own pace. Throughout the course, students are prompted to answer questions to verify their understanding of the subject matter. Incorrect answers are rejected, feedback is given, and students are prompted to answer again until they give the correct answer. This efficient self-guided method greatly reduces the time instructors must spend on assessing students progress while increasing the time they can spend helping students who experience difficulties with the course material. Instructors can assess students knowledge by administering periodic hands-on exams that require students to demonstrate their knowledge on actual EMS laboratory equipment. This efficient approach to learning and instruction allows schools to offer remote courses, an educational trend that is gaining increasing acceptance throughout the world. Features Computer-based program makes learning faster and easier, and allows students to progress at their own paces. Complete course prompts students to answer questions to verify their understanding of the course material. More than 600 highly detailed color figures and animations clearly illustrate concepts and hands-on exercise procedures.

40 WEB-BASED TRAINING Industrial Training Zone by Lab-Volt delivers a broad range of online and CD- ROM-based fundamental and specialty industrial training courses designed to help instructors build a more competent, qualified, and efficient workforce. Engaging training systems feature 3D simulations, course narrations, a virtual guide, testing, and quizzes to promote learning retention and use on the job. Courses are available online or via CD-ROM. Each Online CoursePack contains one training pass (good for one student to take one course), an online reference manual, online assessment and certification passes, and a ToolBox user account. Each CD CoursePack contains a CD training perpetual license, course-specific CD and printed reference manual, online assessment and certification passes, and a ToolBox user account. Mechanical, Electrical, and Fluid Power training programs for both industry and mobile systems are available online or via CD-ROM. Features Premier training interface organizes curriculum in a logical sequence. Interactive learning builds content mastery and troubleshooting expertise. Pre- and post-test certification ensures mastery of skills. 3D animations illustrate in real time how equipment works. Self-paced learning increases retention and job skills. Video narrations guide training step by step. Courseware is updated and reviewed regularly to ensure accuracy. MECHANICAL TRAINING Lab-Volt s Industrial Mechanical Course, Model 47904, gives trainees an overview of the basic physics laws, schematics, and systems design associated with mechanical power transmissions. Trainees learn about the various components found in a typical mechanical system, and how these components function and interact with each other. Review energy, torque, and horsepower Learn how linear actuators convert rotational motion into linear motion. Compare clutches and their components, capabilities, and applications. Model Mechanical Speed Reduction Learning Lab Understand how bearings are used within mechanical power transmissions. Review gears, how they operate, and when they are best used to transmit power. Review belt and chain drives, how they are designed, and their operation. Study the features, applications, and functions of different couplings. PLC FUNDAMENTALS The Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) course delivers an interactive training experience designed to teach trainees PLC operation, how to connect devices to a PLC, and how to read and write basic PLC ladder-logic software programs. Learn how PLC hardware differs from other computers. Discover the math functions related to PLCs. Learn how PLC systems store data, memory processes, and data operations. Master the language of PLCs and learn how to upload to and download from a PLC. Apply logic to a process by connecting your PLC to another device. Link your PLC to your production time, and control when operations happen. Tally the quantity of your automated processes with PLC counters.

41 WEB-BASED INDUSTRIAL TRAINING Electricity and Electronics WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY ELECTRICAL TRAINING Lab-Volt s Industrial Electrical course delivers an interactive training experience designed to help trainees understand the fundamental concepts of electrical systems. This course is popular among those who need to understand the workings of electrical systems on the production floor. Mobile Electrical covers electrical systems of mobile equipment, including the basic electrical system common to most combustion engine vehicles. AC/DC Motor and Drives helps trainees understand how electrical motors and drives work with each other and other systems. Trainees also learn about the safety considerations associated with operating electromechanical systems. Industrial Electrical, Model Review basic physics laws that govern electrical systems. Study circuit components and laws governing circuit voltage and current. Analyze the effects of circuit components connected in various configurations. Learn how magnetic fields interact with each other. Understand how electrical circuit components convert electrical energy into other energy forms. Review how technology has improved electrical testing, and study safety guidelines. Demonstration of a Ground Fault Mobile Electrical, Model Review basic physics laws that govern electrical systems. Study circuit components and laws governing circuit voltage and current. Analyze the effects of circuit components connected in various configurations. Learn how magnetic fields interact with each other. Understand how electrical circuit components convert electrical energy into other energy forms. Study how lead-acid batteries operate, and how charging and starting systems work in most combustion engine vehicles. Overview Of Charging and Starting Systems AC/DC Motors and Drives, Model Basic terms and principles of motors and drives. How torque and magnetism produce power. Learn what to consider when selecting a replacement drive. Review fuses and filtering devices. Learn what causes and how to avoid electrostatic discharge. Learn about the functions, components, and firmware of different drives. Compare different braking methods and their advantages and disadvantages. Study five different electrical measuring tools used to diagnose problems. Program, maintain, and troubleshoot drives using a human interface module (HIM).

42 WEB-BASED TRAINING HYDRAULICS TRAINING Lab-Volt offers online and CD-ROM-based hydraulics training for both industrial and mobile markets. The Industrial Hydraulics course familiarizes students with the components, functions, and interactions of hydraulic systems. Mobile Hydraulics covers the basics of hydrostatic transmissions, valves, and maintenance systems common to most combustion engines. Industrial Hydraulics, Model Review horsepower, torque, heat, flow, and pressure. Study gear, vane, and piston pumps, and their fluid displacement capabilities and applications. Study force manipulation using control valves, the two basic designs and their operation. Observe how directional control valves operate, start, stop, and change the direction of fluid flow. Study fluid conditioning and temperature implications. Understand the function of different valves and where they are used. Study conductors and how they carry fluid to various components in hydraulic circuits. Review basic symbols and layout of a hydraulic schematic. Study components, pictures, and labeling of hydraulic power units. 3D Simulation of a Piston Pump Mobile Hydraulics, Model Learn how actuators convert hydraulic horsepower into mechanical horsepower. Study the basic operation of hydrostatic circuits. Study force manipulation using control valves. Experience the application and location of flow control valves. Learn how modular control valves enhance system design. Study fluid conditioning and temperature implications. Study how conductors carry fluid to various components in hydraulic circuits. Review basic symbols and layout of a hydraulic schematic. Cutaway View of a Closed Circuit Hydrostatic Transmission

43 WEB-BASED INDUSTRIAL TRAINING For Fluid Power Applications WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY PNEUMATICS TRAINING Lab-Volt s Industrial Pneumatics course focuses on the basic physics laws, schematics, and system design associated with pneumatic systems and fluid power. In addition to this course, a Pneumatic Specialist course has been developed in collaboration with the Fluid Power Society and CFC-Solar to help trainees understand the concepts related to the successful design and interaction of pneumatic systems as a Certified Pneumatic Specialist. Industrial Pneumatics, Model Review energy, torque, and horsepower. Safely and efficiently operate compressors. Discover the way air is dried to help preserve metal parts exposed to air pressure. Study the steps to filter, regulate, and lubricate air before use. Review the designs, techniques, port layouts, and pressure configurations for operation. Learn interface components that convert pneumatic energy into mechanical energy. Review airline conductors and how they carry air throughout the pneumatic circuit. See demonstrations on how vacuum is created to help systems work. Identify the basic symbols of a pneumatic schematic and learn to read system layouts. Overview of Pilot-Operated Vales Pneumatic Specialist, Model Review ratios, torque, speed, and friction. Compute air cylinder pressure and identify the fault in a pneumatic circuit. Study air cylinder velocity, circuits, conductor sizes, and input components. Calculate pressure, cfm, oil flow rate and pressure, torque output, and kinetic energy. Analyze control components and systems such as electrical, position feedback, series-parallel, pneumatic, and logical control circuits. Prepare for the certification exam using the study guide and other references. Pressure Differential Learning Lab

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47 OTHER PRODUCT LITERATURE AVAILABLE FROM LAB-VOLT Lab-Volt Product Catalog on CD-ROM Descriptions and demonstrations of Lab-Volt training systems and software. Includes FACET, EMS, and other awardwinning training systems. Computer-Based Electronics Training System (FACET ) Product Guide Forty-eight-page catalog of Lab-Volt training systems in Fundamental Electronics; Analog, Digital and Fiber Optic Communications; Semiconductors, Transistors, Thyristors, FET and Amplifiers. Military Training Systems Brochure State-of-the-art training systems for military applications in telecommunications, radar, electronic warfare, electronics, fluid power, and electric power technologies. 12-page color brochure. Industrial Maintenance Brochure Twelve-page color brochure showcasing Lab-Volt s comprehensive industrial training sytems, including industrial pumps, mechanical systems, industrial wiring, rigging, and more. Electric Power/Controls Product Guide Forty-four page catalog of Lab-Volt s vast offering of training modules in Electromechanical systems, PLCs, Power Electronics, and corresponding CBT and simulation software programs. Tech-World : Applications in Information Technology Brochure Twelve-page, four-color brochure describes this multimedia curriculum that prepares students for certifications, entry-level employment, advanced education and careers in Information Technology or any other IT-dependent industry. Graymark Information Technology Brochure Eight-page brochure of Graymark s quality IT training products, including PC familiarization, troubleshooting and repair; cable installation; monitor and printer repair; GPS technology; and network technology programs. Fluid Power Brochure Twelve page 4-color brochure featuring Lab-Volt s premier line of Fluid Power training systems, including the Hydraulics and Phenuatics Modular Training System. Tech-Design Foundations in Information Technology (FIT) Sixteen-page color brochure features this modular, competencybased curriculum for information technology (IT), which provides skills development and career exploration in the four IT career Cluster Concentrations. TechWorld : Manufacturing Brochure Tech-Design Technology Education Catalog Tech-World : Manufacturing Demo CD Twelve-page color brochure describes this multimedia and hands-on curriculum for engineering and manufacturing; presents competencies students achieve and related career opportunities. Seventy-four-page catalog with detailed descriptions of 43 Tech-Design modules and course objectives, including skills-at-a-glance charts showing competencies associated with each module. Highly graphical CD demonstrates this pre-engineering/ manufacturing curriculum that provides realistic, hands-on training with industry-standard equipment and advanced software. 4 Easy Ways to Order Additional Product Literature: Send to: us@labvolt.com (USA) ca@labvolt.com (Canada) Call us at LAB-VOLT (USA AND CANADA) or (outside of the USA and Canada) Visit our website at Circle the requested items above and fax it: Please complete the following: Name Institution Address Address 2 City State Country Postal Code

48 AUTOMATION AND ROBOTICS ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRONICS ELECTRIC POWER AND CONTROLS FAULT-ASSISTED CIRCUITS FOR ELECTRONICS TRAINING (F.A.C.E.T.) FLUID POWER FUNDAMENTALS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INSTRUMENTATION AND PROCESS CONTROL REFRIGERATION, AIR CONDITIONING, AND HEATING TELECOMMUNICATIONS WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY LAB-VOLT SYSTEMS, INC. PO Box 686 Farmingdale, NJ Telephone: (732) Toll Free U.S.: (800) LAB-VOLT Fax: (732) LAB-VOLT LTÉE/LTD 675, rue du Carbone Québec, (Québec) G2N2K7 Telephone: (418) Toll Free Canada: (800) LAB-VOLT Fax: (732)