Eurailspeed Parallel Session F.1. Michael Schemmer Chairman UNIFE WG Transport and Environment Bombardier Transportation

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1 Eurailspeed Parallel Session F.1 Michael Schemmer Chairman UNIFE WG Transport and Environment Bombardier Transportation 1

2 High-speed rail, the environmentally friendly solution for mobility Dr. Michael Schemmer Chairman, UNIFE Transport & Environment WG Senior Director Health, Safety & Environment, Bombardier Transportation

3 Is rail really environmental friendly? 3

4 Without rail, reduction of CO 2 emissions is impossible! Currently: rail = 13.5% of all tonkm150 within the EU Expected: rail = 14.5% until Different scenarios of CO 2 - emissions caused by freight transportation 2000 till 2015 (European Union) +42% +41% % 90 business as usual (rail: 13,5%) rail 14,5% (Prognos) rail 30% rail 40% % 2015 year rail 40% rail 30% rail 14,5% (Prognos) business as usual (rail: 13,5%) Source: Prognos, Basel; UIC, Paris; BMU, Berlin; calculations by Bombardier Transportationr 4

5 Energy consumption / related CO2 Emission Example : Business trip Berlin Frankfurt ICE, Aircraft (LH-Mix*), Car Energy consumption Primary energy / resource consumption Co 2 emission Train Aircraft Car Train Aircraft Car Train Aircraft Car l / person l / person Kg / person Incl. Taxi (red) * A310, A320, B737 Source: IFEU, 2002 / Deutsche Bahn AG 5

6 Specific energy consumption (Wh/seat km) ICE (medial speed) 31 ICE (speed < 200km/h) Electrical trains 41 ICE (speed > 200km/h) Efficiency of energy generation approx. 32% 33.5 EC / IC IR / D RE / RB / SE / S Source: IFEU Heidelberg, % 50.0% 40.0% 47.9% 40.4% 35.6% Train utilization 30.0% 20.0% 20.1% 27.7% 10.0% 0.0% ICE IC / EC IR / D RE / RB / SE Source : Deutsche Bahn AG, 2001 S - Bahn 6

$Prohibited & Restricted Substances to ensure that no harmful materials are used in the vehicles High recyclability > 90% (by weight) The vehicles are produced with a high fraction of$ recycled and recyclable materials Polymers over 100 grams are marked, according to ISO standards, to facilitate recycling Increased load factor (passenger-km / offered seat-km) High speed

recycled and recyclable materials Polymers over 100 grams are marked, according to ISO standards, to facilitate recycling Increased load factor (passenger-km / offered seat-km) High speed

NO x, SO 2 Reduced running resistance, dominated by aerodynamic drag Reduced weight Reduced energy losses in e.g. propulsion and auxiliary systems and also in the catenary and feeding system Reduced energy consumption of comfort equipment, e.

mode of transport in terms of land use Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) Product environmental performance is documented in a reliable way according to ISO standards 14021 / 14025

7 Manufacturers: Influencing and documenting Environmental Performance Environmentally sound materials All materials in the vehicles are known and listed Bombardier has developed a list of Prohibited & Restricted Substances to ensure that no harmful materials are used in the vehicles High recyclability > 90% (by weight) The vehicles are produced with a high fraction of recycled and recyclable materials Polymers over 100 grams are marked, according to ISO standards, to facilitate recycling Increased load factor (passenger-km / offered seat-km) High speed lines are more attractive and thus have a higher load factor Improved space utilisation maximised in terms of seats per length of train Low energy consumption - thus low emissions of CO 2, NO x, SO 2 Reduced running resistance, dominated by aerodynamic drag Reduced weight Reduced energy losses in e.g. propulsion and auxiliary systems and also in the catenary and feeding system Reduced energy consumption of comfort equipment, e.g. auxiliary equipment Use of energy regeneration Energy efficient driving and eco-driving Low noise emissions TSI for high-speed Low particle emissions minimised wear and tear Efficient mode of transport in terms of land use Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) Product environmental performance is documented in a reliable way according to ISO standards / Based on a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) according to ISO standard Other environmental documentation: Recycling manual, Environmental assessment report etc. 7

Early 1990 s Intercity train (5 cars) Speed: 110 130 km/h Travel time: 1:18 min Energy: 0,12 kwh / pkm* Load

8 Improved energy consumption Measured for trip Stockholm Västerås (Sweden) ~20% reduced energy consumption even though top speed has increased and thus also travel time decreased dramatically! Early 1990 s Intercity train (5 cars) Speed: km/h Travel time: 1:18 min Energy: 0,12 kwh / pkm* Load factor: 35 % Today Regina Speed: km/h Travel time: 0:53 min Energy: 0,10 kwh / pkm* Load factor: 35 % *pkm = passenger kilometer 8

9 Energy Consumption, Influence of Driving Style (Oslo Airport Train, measured data) Consumption (kwh) Energy optimized Time optimzed Difference 9

10 Noise exposure Interior noise Exterior noise vibrations Rate of persons affected by noise in Germany (1994) Road traffic Airtraffic Rail traffic Industry Neighbours Sport facilities Source: IFEU Heidelberg, 2002 affected 69% 42% 21% 21% 22% 7% heavily affected 22% 9% 3% 3% 6% 1% 10

Bombardier High Speed Trains use Synergies

Sources Bogie Wing Tips Aerodynamic Drag

developing sophisticated tools to optimize

11 Bombardier High Speed Trains use Synergies from Bombardier Aerospace Aeroacoustic Sources Bogie Wing Tips Aerodynamic Drag Local Turbulences Side Wind Loads Bombardier Transportation and Aerospace have together put a lot of efforts in developing sophisticated tools to optimize acoustic and aerodynamic behavior behavior of the trains/planes. BT has proven that those tools correctly predict the reality of the trains in service. This means that, we can now really optimize the trains in the design phase when we are introducing new or modified design. Global Express High Speed Train TUNNEL P P X 11

REPID (EC funded): A common language for the rail sector A framework for dealing with standardization of Environmental Performance Indicators (EPI s) and data

12 REPID (EC funded): A common language for the rail sector A framework for dealing with standardization of Environmental Performance Indicators (EPI s) and data formats within the railway industry A tool for improving usability of Environmental Performance Indicators (EPI s) and data formats. 12

PROSPER I & II Projects Continuation of Nordic Manual (1999) PROSPER Partners: Objectives: To increase the overall eco-efficiency / sustainable performance of new rolling stock To assist railways in

setting up environmental requirements and evaluating tenders a set of recommended qualitative environmental specifications (defining performance values, PROSPER II) a reference document for

13 PROSPER I & II Projects Continuation of Nordic Manual (1999) PROSPER Partners: Objectives: To increase the overall eco-efficiency / sustainable performance of new rolling stock To assist railways in setting up environmental requirements and assessing tenders To initiate a dialogue with users (railways) and stakeholders (UNIFE, manufacturers) Results of the Project: a guideline to assist in setting up environmental requirements and evaluating tenders a set of recommended qualitative environmental specifications (defining performance values, PROSPER II) a reference document for experience, examples and state of the art of environmental relations and their economic cost/benefit aspects Output: Environmental Guideline for the Procurement of Rolling Stock (UIC Leaflet) 13

14 Conclusion From an environmental point of view, rail (including high-speed) is superior to other modes of transport. Nevertheless, manufacturers strive for further reduction of negative environmental impacts. Areas for improvement are primarily: energy efficiency, noise. Rail is the only solution to reduce or at least stabilize CO 2 emissions from transport. The true environmental cost (or external cost in general) must be taken into consideration. 14

Good practices in Design for Environment: -15 years of experiences at Bombardier Transportation. Pia Öhrn Manager Design for Environment

Good practices in Design for Environment: -15 years of experiences at Bombardier Transportation Pia Öhrn Manager Design for Environment 2006-09-18 Topics History of DfE Examples of improvements To work