SCCER Symposium Comparison of PEM Fuel Cells running on Hydrogen/Air and Hydrogen/Oxygen

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1 SCCER Symposium Comparison of PEM Fuel Cells running on Hydrogen/Air and Hydrogen/Oxygen Uwe Hannesen, Swiss Hydrogen SA

2 Company History Since 2008: Development of a unique FC system running on Hydrogen and pure Oxygen in partnership with the Paul-Scherrer-Institute (PSI); benchmarking of commercial electrolyser system Since 2011: Development of Hydrogen/Air FC system for mobile applications. Redesign of H 2 /O 2 FC system for stationary applications; development of PEM electrolyser systems July 2015: Swiss Hydrogen SA took over the fuel cell and electrolyser development from Belenos Clean Power 2

3 Product portfolio PEM FC H 2 /O 2 Graphite bipolar plates 10 to 60 kw PEM FC H 2 /Air Graphite bipolar plates 5 to 40 kw PEM FC H 2 /Air Metallic bipolar plates 30 to 100 kw Stationary Applications UPS, Gas to Power, Smart Grids, Island Grids... Mobile Applications Range Extender and Hybrid FC systems for cars, buses, trucks, boats,... 3

4 Applications Stationary Applications UPS, Gas to Power, Smart Grids, Island Grids... Mobile Applications Range Extender and Hybrid FC systems for cars, buses, trucks, boats,... 4

5 Mobile Applications 5

6 Mobile energy storage 1 kg H bar 700 bar FC stack 335 cells 300 cm 2 active area A/cm 2 Turbocompressor PR2.3 Gas/gas humidifier System eff. 49% Type 4 compr. H 2 tank 30 kg H 2 6

7 FC stack Autostack Core Swiss Hydrogen participates in EU project Autostack Core as stack integrator PEM fuel cell, active area 300 cm 2 Stamped stainless steel bipolar plates FC systems with Evo 2 available in June 2016 FC Stack technical data Evo 1 (measured) Evo 2 (target) Evo 1 Number of cells Cell pitch 1.19 mm 1.01 mm Cell performance A/cm A/cm 2 Max. Continuous power 93 kw 101 kw Dimensions (H x W x D) 500 x 414 x 166 mm 443 x 415 x 149 mm Volumetric power density 2.7 kw/ltr 3.7 kw/ltr Weight 46.3 kg 33.4 kg Gravimetric power density 2.0 kw/kg 3.0 kw/kg Durability at severe cycling test > 3000 h 5000 h Evo 2 7

8 And the cost? Cost study for /a FC stacks of 100 kw each (3 GW/year): 67 /kw sales price to OEM 8

9 BEV with FC Range Extender Swiss Hydrogen BZ REx Demo Vehicle, in operation since Current mileage 85`000 km, realisation und testing supported by Federal Office of Energy BFE/OFEN Das Brennstoffzellensystem verdoppelt die Reichweite des Fahrzeugs Statistik January

10 Mobile Applications Advantages Li-Battery Lower system cost in small series Low operation cost Very high round trip efficiency Higher power density possible (depending on type) Advantages Fuel Cell Lower system cost in large series Refueling time < 3 min Higher energy density No significant reduction of power and range at low ambient temperatures The BEV with FC rangeextender can combine the advantages of both concepts 10

11 Summary mobile applications Emission free mobility without compromises in long range driving only possible with fuel cells Several system layouts with different ratio of FC / Battery power possible (pure FC, Hybrid, REx, BEV) The combination of a range optimised battery with a fuel cell as range extender can play an important role in the transition to zero emission mobility 11

12 Stationary Applications 12

13 Re-electrification of Hydrogen 1. Combined cycle power plant Large scale applications (several 10s to 100s MW) Approx. 55 % efficiency at design point 2. Gas turbine Medium scale applications (several to several 10s MW) Efficiency 35 to 40 % at design point 3. H 2 internal combustion engine Small scale applications (several 10s to 100s kw) Efficiency 35 to 40 % at design point 4. Fuel cell H 2 /air Scalable from several kw... Multi-MW 40%.. 55% efficiency over entire power range 5. Fuel cell H 2 /O 2 Scalable from several kw... Multi-MW 60%.. 70% efficiency over entire power range 13

14 Advantages H 2 /O 2 FC over H 2 /Air FC Higher system efficiency % with H 2 /O 2 vs % with H 2 /Air Significantly lower cost Power density (W/cm 2 active area) is twice as high at same efficiency 80% of FC cost is active area cost (bipolar plates and MEA) Better reliability Very simple system Very few moving parts Fast start-up Full power achievable within a few seconds No startup-time and -energy for air compressor required Independent from ambient air conditions Operation at high altitudes possible Operation at any ambient temperature and humidity possible No degradation due to air pollution 14

15 Stationary energy storage bar: O 2 H 2 (m) L(m) ESI Quelle: Uni Regensburg; eigene Berechnungen 15

16 1 GWh el H 2 and O 2 storage? Comparison with CNG storage in Urdorf: CNG Urdorf H 2 for 1 GWh el O 2 for 1 GWh el Usable gas storage Nm 3 ca. 7 GWh th Nm Nm 3 Tube length 4100 m 1) 4200 m 1800 m Surface usage 210 x 50 m 1) e.g. 220 m x 50 m e.g. 220 m x 20 m Assumptions 65% FC system efficiency Max.Pressure 100 bar Min. Pressure 7 bar Tube diameter 1.37 m 1) Investment cost MCHF 2), 3) if overall cost 30 MCHF -> 30 CHF/kWh el 1) 2) 3) All other values: own calculation 16

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18 H 2 /O 2 fuel cell for ESI FC Stack technical data PEM FC operating on H 2 and pure O 2 Molded graphite bipolar plates (bpp) Elastomer seals injection molded on bpp Active area: 200 cm 2 Number of cells: 220 Design point: 0.72 V/cell at 2 A/cm 2 Gross Power: 63 kw Dimensions: 380 x 120 x 650 mm Weight: 36 kg FC System technical data Number of FC stacks: 5 Net Power: 300 kw Integrated H 2 and O 2 subsystem Optimised water management System efficiency: up 70% 60% at nominal load up to 300 kw thermal power at 75 C Cabinet Dimensions (HWD): 2000x1500x900 mm Weight of cabinet ~ 500 kg Design life time: hrs 18

19 Summary stationary applications Our concept with H 2 and O 2 storage can close the gap between battery storage and large P2G G2P plants H 2 /O 2 fuel cells have important advantages over H 2 /Air fuel cells in efficiency and cost When Hydrogen is produced by water electrolysis Oxygen is a «free» by-product The higher system efficiency compensates a large portion of the on-cost for O 2 storage so that the overall system cost will be significantly lower 19

20 Thank you very much for your attention! Further information on 20