Challenges towards Reduction of CO 2 and Smart Grid in TEPCO. 12 June 2009 Naoki Kobayashi Tokyo Electric Power Company

Transcription

1 Challenges towards Reduction of CO 2 and Smart Grid in TEPCO 12 June 2009 Naoki Kobayashi Tokyo Electric Power Company 1

2 Outline of TEPCO service area Total service area of Japanese 10 EPCO TEPCO service area Hokaido Kansai Hokuriku Tohoku TEPCO HQ Narita air port Chugoku Shikoku Kyushu Tokyo Chubu Okinawa TEPCO R&D CENTER As of March 31,2006 Population(million): Area(km2):377,915 Electricity sales(twh):882.6 Peak demand(gw):179 (1) (1)rough fig. Aug 22, 2007 As of March 31,2006 Population(million):43.91 Area(km2):39,494 Electricity sales(twh):288.7 Peak demand(gw):

3 The Best Mix Power Supply Projection Nuclear LNG LPG Coal Oil Geothermal Other renewable Other gas Hydro Energy source rate of TEPCO 東京電力におけるエネルギー別発電電力量構成比 (including power from other companies) ( 含む他社受電 ) FY 3

4 Reliable electric power supply [min] (05FY) (06FY) (01FY) (02FY) (01FY) TEPCO TEPCO U.K. U.S.A France Source: Federation of electric power companies Comparison of duration of annual power outage per customer 4

5 Contents I. Current Status on CO2 Reduction II. Research and Development on CO2 Reduction III. Smart Grid Related Technology 5

6 I. Current Status on CO2 Reduction 6

7 TEPCO Environmental Policy 1. Supply-side Advance nuclear facility utilization rate and Improve the thermal efficiency of thermal power generation. Expand the use of renewable energies. 2. Demand-side Encourage customers to promote high-efficiency appliances ( heat pump system etc ) 3. International Cooperation Make effective use of the Kyoto Mechanisms. - CDM project for methane recovery in Chile, Forest plantation project in Australia, etc Contribute to reducing greenhouse gases as a member of the APP * (*Asia Pacific Partnership) 7

8 TEPCO s CO 2 reduction target TEPCO s voluntary target Achievement and challenges 8

9 Nuclear Power Plants in Japan Kashiwazaki Kariwa Nuclear Power Station For Commercial Use, as of 31 August 2008 Higashidori Nuclear Power Station Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Fukushima Daini Nuclear Power Station Capacity Under 500MW Under 1,000MW Over 1,000MW Under Operation Under Construction Preparation of Construction The number of Units Under Operation 55 Under Construction 3 Preparation of Construction 10 Total 68 Total Capacity 49,467 3,668 13,562 66,697 9

10 Efficiency of thermal power plants Combined cycle system raised total efficiency World leading MACC generating system in Kawasaki thermal plant, commissioned in July 2007 Kashima unit % Kashima units 5&6 40.8% Futtsu Group 1&2 47.2% 1100 Yokohama Group 7&8 54.1% 1300 Kawasaki Group 1 Approx. 59% 1500 Futtsu Group % 46.1% Designed thermal efficiency by class Total thermal efficiency of thermal power generation (gross thermal efficiency for steam power) 10

11 Major Hydroelectric Power Plants in TEPCO Shin-Takasegawa p/s Nakatsugawa Daiichi (126MW) Shin- Takasegawa Midono (1,280MW) (245MW) Azumi (623MW) Shinanogawa (177MW) Yagisawa (240MW) Tanbara (1,200) Kannagawa (470MW) Kazunogawa (800MW) Imaichi (1,050MW) Akimoto (107.5MW) Shiobara (900MW) Kinugawa (127MW) Midono p/s 11

12 Generation Capacity of PV and Wind Power 2,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1, MW Capacity of Photovoltaic (Japan) ,132 1,422 1,919 1, MW 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1, Capacity of Wind Power (Japan) , ,538 1, Capacity of Photovoltaic 1 Germany 3,862 2 Japan 1,919 3 USA 831 IEA Trends in Photovoltaic Applications Capacity of Wind Power 1 Germany 22,247 2 USA 16,819 3 Spain 15, Japan 1,538 Windpower Monthly HP, WWEA Press Release 12

13 Expansion of renewable energy use Installation of renewable energy Power purchasing from customers Wind Power Station Plan Wind Power Station Plan Mega Solar Power Generation Plant Plan Nagano Pref. Yamanashi Pref. Kanagawa Pref. Ukishima Solar Power Plant Power Capacity:20,000kW Operation Start :Fiscal 2011 Aichi Pref. Shizuoka Pref. Power capacity:18370kw Operation Start:2011/10 Mega Solar Plan by 2020 (all power companies in Japan) 30 areas &140,000kW *Mega Solar: Term commonly used for large-scale solar power generation systems capable of producing more than 1 MW 13

14 Reduction effects of CO 2 emissions by Demand Side Activities Low CO 2 emission intensity brings the effectiveness of utilization of high performance electric equipment. Example1: Heat Pump Hot Water Server Example2: Electric Vehicle 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Conventional Hot Water server Heat Pump Hot Water Server 50% CO 2 Emission Reduction CO2 emission (kg-co 2 )/year 1,500 1, Gasoline Vehicle (Light Type) 73% EV (Light Type) 14

15 Heat Pump Eco-Cute How a heat pump works CO 2 reduction potential of heat pump Produce 3~6 times greater heat energy than the electric energy they use. Reduce energy consumption and CO 2 from air conditioners and water heaters used in office buildings and factories 15

16 Energy Storage (NAS battery) Sodium-Sulfur (NAS) battery Typical System: 2,000kW (50kW times forty), 12,000kWh More than three times of energy density compared with lead-acid battery Load leveling, Peak shaving, Support Renewable Energy 96 units of 177MW installed in commercial customers of Japan EDF ordered batteries with output of 150MW, May 2009 Safety Tube Sodium Electrode Sulfur Electrode Safety tube Beta alumina Electrolyte Sodium Flow Path Beta Alumina Electrolyte Vacuum Thermal Enclosure (upper) Packed Sand Cell Fuse Cell Case Main Pole Side Heater Vacuum Thermal Enclosure (lower) CELL MODULE A model site of NAS cell 16

17 II. Research & Development on CO2 Reduction 17

18 IGCC:Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle Source: Clean Coal Power R&D Co., LTD. 18

19 Offshore Wind Power Generation Systems R&D on Offshore Wind which can resist typhoons Two types of Offshore Wind Power Generation Systems being studied Gravity Type: Founded on sea bottom for less than 20m depth Floating Type: Floated and moored at bottom of sea for less than 100m depth Concrete Gravity Foundation Light Weight Semi-sub Float 19

20 Electric Vehicle and Quick Charger - Performance test of lithium ion battery in size, weight, efficiency and price - Development of Quick Charger - TEPCO plans to introduce about 3,000 Electric Vehicles for business use - Minimizing loaded battery is key for cost reduction in early stage of EV promotion - Newly developed quick charger can supply electricity to any car manufacturers EVs - Appropriate number of quick chargers can help to expand driving area remarkably After installation Before Quick Charger installation Quick Charger 20

21 Specifications of EVs TEPCO co-developed with car manufacturers 21

22 III. Smart Grid Related Technology 22

23 UHV AC Network 1,100kV AC network allows half of current to carry same power compared with 550kV Capacity: 3~4 times Transmission Loss Rate: One Forth Low CO2 power from nuclear plants through low loss UHV network 23

24 Self-healing & Automatic Controllers using Smart Grid Related Technology Central Power Plants First Response Exciter with PSS High Side Voltage Control Special Protection Scheme Current Differential Protection with Multipole Reclosing Dynamic Braking STATCOM STATCOM Transmission Lines Voltage-Var Controllers Distribution Automation, Smart Switch Transmission investments reduced by applying self-healing and automatic controllers using smart grid related technologies Load Center 24

25 Requirements for more Smart Grid Social requirements for CO2 Reduction Tangible constraints of fossil fuels Low-Carbon Power Grid Massive penetration of Renewables Reduction of CO2 from Power Plants (Nuclear,IGCC,CCS) Central Power Plants One way Power Flow Houses Possible impacts to Power Quality and Security Industrial Customers Central Power Plants Perturbation Wind Turbines, Mega Solar Houses Two way Power Flow Battery Storage Industrial Customers Perturbation EV/PHEV PV Vision: Minimize CO2 emissions and social costs and enhance power quality and security by making both of power grid and customers smarter Smarter monitoring & control Smarter monitoring & control Home Automation/ Home EMS Pumped Storage Bulk Power Grid Central Power Plants Wind Turbines, Mega Solar D/N D/N Substation Storage Voltage Regulator Distribution Network Loop Controller S/I R/C S/I R/C Smart Interface Heat Pump PV PCS Heat Storage Heat Load Load Controllable Load Storage EV Residential Customer 25

26 Daily Supply and Demand in Low Demand Season with 53GW PV Penetration in 2030 Huge amount of energy storage will be required to maintain supplydemand balance in spring and autumn. Electrification (e.g. EV and Heat Pumps) and demand shifting will be able to reduce the storage requirement. Supply/Demand Energy Storage (e.g. Pumped Storage) PV LNG Oil Coal Nuclear Demand Minimum output operation Hydro (run-of-river) Hours 26

27 Power usage coordinated with power grid Possibility of storage and network cost reduction by demand shifting utilizing EV and heat pumps kw 3.0 PV power consumed inside customer s premises as possible PV power control if necessary Legend PV power outputs Demand with coordination Demand without coordination New load demands like EVs Hours Demand shifting 27

28 Demand side control in future Control from grid if necessary 3 to 4 kw PV panel Smart Meter Smart Switch Board AC Air-conditioner with thermal storage Heat Pump EV 3 to 5 KW 1 to 2 kw Demand control and EV charging based on PV outputs checked and controlled through mobile as customer s action 1kW Controlled by IT 28

29 Key issues toward total optimization In TEPCO, Smart Grid related technologies have been already applied to power system operations and controls to achieve world class system security. Toward the future, smarter ways will be pursued as considering cost efficiency. Key issues to be studied Reduction of T&D investments to accommodate explosive introduction of renewable resources like PVs and penetration of EVs Improvements of power quality and customer s convenience Verification testing on monitoring & control for demand side devices Social acceptance for demand side management 29

30 Questions or Comments? 30

31 Appendix 31

32 Change of Power Demand Power demand is constantly increasing in slow growth. TWh Electric Energy Sales (TWh) Peak Demand(GW) GW FY 0 Change of power demand in TEPCO 32

33 Combining Energy Sources to Meet Changing Demand in TEPCO Conventional Hydroelectric Power (Pondage type) Pumped storage hydroelectric power Daily load curve Electricity for pumped storage hydroelectric power generation Oil Peak load supply LNG, LPG and other gases Middle load supply Coal Nuclear power Base load supply Conventional hydroelectric (River hydro power) (hours) 33

34 Critical energy innovative technology from the council of Cool Earth Innovative Technology Project 20 innovative technologies, which enable us to reduce CO2 emissions substantially, have been chosen, from each energy sources, in terms of efficiency improvement and low carbon, in consideration of flows from supply side to demand side. Supply-side 1 Oil Power Power generation/ generation/ transmission transmission High-efficiency LNG fired power generation Transportation Transportation Efficiency improvement LNG Coal 2 Highly efficient/ zero-emission coal-fired power generation Ultra-super-critical IGCC 1 thermal power generation IGFC 2 5 Superconducting highly efficient transmission 6 Intelligent transport systems 7 Fuel-cell vehicle CCS 3 Nuclear Biomass 3 Innovative Solar power generation 8 Plug-in hybrid/ electric vehicle Low-carbon 4 Solar Advanced nuclear power generation Next generation light water reactor First breeder reactor Mid/ small size reactor 9 Alternative fuels for transportation from biomass wind Demand-side Industry Industry Commercial Commercial Super efficient heat pump 12 Innovative materials/manufacturing/ processing Energy saving house/ building Energy saving IT device/ system Next generation highly efficient lighting 17HEMS/BEMS/ Regional EMS 4 11 Innovative iron-making process 14 Stationary fuel cell system Cross Cross section section 18 Highly efficient electricity storage 19 Power electronics 20 Hydrogen production/ transport/ storage 1:IGCC(Integrated coal Gasification Combined Cycle) 2:IGFC(Integrated coal Gasification Fuel Cell combined cycle) 3:CCS(Carbon Capture & Storage) 4:HEMS(Home energy management system):bems(building energy management system):ems(energy management system) 34

35 Organization and Research Areas of R&D Center Engineering R&D Division R&D Center Organization (28 Groups) Sales and power uses R&D Planning Department Intellectual Property Center Electric Power Historical Museum Demand-Side Technology Group Ⅰ Demand-Side Technology Group Ⅱ Power Quality Solution Technology Group Customer Database Technology Group Mobility Technology Group Demand-Side Technology Group Ⅲ Electric Energy Storage Solution Group Energy Economics Group Facilities Information & Communication Technology Group Civil Engineering & Architecture Technology Group Mechanical System Technology Group Global Environment Technology Group Wastes Recycle Technology Group Wastes Solution Technology Group Human Factors Group Fuel Cell Technology Group Thermal-Hydraulics & Fluid-Structure Dynamics Research Group High Voltage & Insulation Group Superconductivity Technology Group Materials Engineering Center Distribution Technology Group Seismic Design department Group Facility operations Environment Dispersed Power Resources Technology Group Transmission & Substations Technology Group Number of people: 373 (as of January 2008) Number of people: 292 Power System Technology Group Basic and fundamental technologies 35

36 CO 2 Capture and Storage (CCS) 36