DNV GL enables right decision making in a complex world MARITIME OIL & GAS ENERGY BUSINESS ASSURANCE

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1 Thijs Smudde 19 ENERGY June 21 Dynamic Study of Bonaire Island Power System Model validation and project experience 1 DNV GL June 21 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER DNV GL enables right decision making in a complex world MARITIME OIL & GAS ENERGY BUSINESS ASSURANCE SOFTWARE We are a global classification, certification, technical assurance and advisory company 2 DNV GL June 21 1

2 About DNV GL - Energy 3 DNV GL June 21 Agenda Background info Model Validation Project Experience Conclusions 4 DNV GL June 21 2

3 Background Info Bonaire Island 5 DNV GL June 21 Background Info Bonaire Island Power System Overview 6 DNV GL June 21 3

4 G6 G6 1BBA/Acht 1BBA/Voor T6 G 1BBA/Acht 1BBA/Voor T6 G 1BFA/BACKUP DG_1. G8 DG1 Rincon 3 kv 2 T_RINCON_SSTATION BFA/BACKUP DG_1. G8 DG1 Rincon 3 kv DG2 DG2 2 T_RINCON_SSTATION 58.9 T4 T4 1-BFA/BACKUP DG_2. EB1 DG3 1-BFA/BACKUP DG_2. EB1 DG3 DG4 T5 line_bopec-rincon 6.4 PowerFactory DG4 T5 PowerFactory EB2 EB2 line_bopec-rincon 6.4 DG5 1 BFA/BACKUP DG_3 line_bopecdg_2_1bat1_ AHA/BOPEC 3KV_1 1 AHA/BOPEC 3KV_2 DG5 1 BFA/BACKUP DG_3 SS/1AKD_DENLAMAN line_bopecdg_2_1bat1_ AHA/BOPEC 3KV_1 1 AHA/BOPEC 3KV_2 SS/1AKD_DENLAMAN 1 T_GEN_BATT_ WTG_T1 Bus_LV1 Bus_LV2 WF/MOROTIN_1 1 AKA/WEB-NOBO_1 1 AKA/WEB-NOBO_2 1 T_GEN_BATT_ Project: Graphic: WEB transport Date: 4/3/216 Annex: WTG_T1 WEC_1 WEC_2 WEC_3 WEC_4 WEC_5 WEC_6 WEC_ WEC_8 WEC_9 WEC_1 WEC_11 WEC_ Bus_LV1 WTG_T2 WTG_T3 1 T_GEN_BATT_ BC_SS-DEN... Bus_LV3 line_bopecdg_1_1bat2_ Load_Airco SS/1AKE_DENLAMAN Bus_LV2 WF/MOROTIN_1 1 AKA/WEB-NOBO_1 1 AKA/WEB-NOBO_2 Project: Graphic: WEB transport Date: 4/3/216 Annex: WTG_T4 WEB Nobo 3/12 kv Bus_LV4 2.9 line_bopec_3_2_webnobo T_GEN_BATT_ Bus_LV3 Load_Airco SS/1AKE_DENLAMAN DSS-C/DSS-C WTG_T5 Bus_LV5 WTG_T6 line_webnobo_1_denlaman 34.2 Bus_LV4 DSS-C/DSS-C Bus_LV5 Bus_LV6 1AKB/1AKB DSS-B/DSS-B. Bus_LV6 Morotin/BS. Battery Energy Storing System. line_bopec3_2_webnobo WEB Nobo 3/12 kv AKB/1AKB DSS-B/DSS-B. ~ WTG_T Bus_LV Batt_LV. line_1akc_dss-b_stad 5. WTG_T Bus_LV Batt_LV WTG_T8 Bus_LV8 WF/MOROTIN_2. WTG_T8 Bus_LV8 WF/MOROTIN_2 WTG_T9 DSS-A/DSS-A Bus_LV9 1 AKC/1AKC WEC_1 WEC_2 WEC_3 WEC_4 WEC_5 WEC_6 WEC_ WEC_8 WEC_9 WEC_1 WEC_11 WEC_ WTG_T2 WTG_T3 line_bopecdg_1_1bat2_ BC_SS-DEN... WTG_T4 2.9 line_bopec_3_2_webnobo WEB Nobo 3/12 kv WTG_T5 WTG_T6 line_webnobo_1_denlaman 34.2 Morotin/BS. Battery Energy Storing System. line_bopec3_2_webnobo WEB Nobo 3/12 kv ~. line_1akc_dss-b_stad 5.. WTG_T9 DSS-A/DSS-A Bus_LV9 1 AKC/1AKC WTG_T1 2.9 WTG_T1 2.9 Bus_LV1 Bus_LV1 WTG_T11 WTG_T11 Bus_LV11 Bus_LV11 WTG_T12 WTG_T12 Bus_LV12 Bus_LV Model Validation Bonaire power system model Wind Power Plant DIgSILENT Diesel Power Plant line_1ba line_1ba line_bopec3_1_morotin_1 T_batt_direct line_bopec3_2_morotin_2 S/S RINCON S/S DEN LAMAN line_webnobo_2_denlaman 34.2 line_webnobo_1_1akb 25.2 line_webnobo_2_1akc 25.2 S/S IND.TERREIN NOBO line_1akd_centralehato 11.8 line_hato_1akdden LAMAN 2.4 line_1akd_sdollar1 S/S STAD line_1ake_dl_dss-c_stad1 line_1ake5_dl_dss-c_stad2 DNV GL June 21 Model Validation Bonaire power system model Wind Power Plant DIgSILENT Diesel Power Plant line_1ba line_1ba line_bopec3_1_morotin_1 T_batt_direct line_bopec3_2_morotin_2 S/S RINCON S/S DEN LAMAN line_webnobo_2_denlaman 34.2 line_webnobo_1_1akb 25.2 line_webnobo_2_1akc 25.2 S/S IND.TERREIN NOBO line_1akd_centralehato 11.8 line_hato_1akdden LAMAN 2.4 line_1akd_sdollar1 S/S STAD line_1ake_dl_dss-c_stad1 line_1ake5_dl_dss-c_stad2 12 kv 3ph-fault 8 DNV GL June 21 4

5 Model Validation three-phase fault event t=4 ms 12 kv 3ph-fault 12 kv 3ph-fault cleared Good match - 1 khz sampling resolution - Relay transient record Frequency calculated based on 2ms averaging window Good match Dedicated Airco model 9 DNV GL June 21 Airco model Dedicated airco model was developed: via analysis of fault recordings reactive power and voltage impact during and after fault clearance Q Q 1Q - Reactive power: - during fault increases Q - after fault clearance 1Q. - Due to increase reactive power: - voltage can not recover - airco motor stalls (lack of torque) - Network voltage remains low and the wind power output can not recover => wind power trips on under voltage after 5s. 1 DNV GL June 21 5

6 Project Experience High wind system configuration Bonaire island power system installed capacity 5 Diesel Generators 14 MW 12 Wind Turbines 1.8 MW 1 Battery Energy Storage 3 MW (1 kwh) MAX LOAD 14MW 9MW High WIND DNV GL June 21 Project Experience Frequency stability in high wind scenario 12 kv 1ph-ground fault Larger frequency drop Nadir - 49 Hz Nadir 4.5 Hz 2 Diesel Generators 3 Diesel Generators Short circuit current 12 DNV GL June 21 6

7 Project Experience Voltage stability in high wind scenario 12 kv 1ph-ground fault Undervoltage load shedding 2 Diesel Generators 2 Diesel Generators 13 DNV GL June 21 Project Experience Improved load shedding scheme Changed 12 kv load shedding scheme via under voltage setting and under frequency. 14 DNV GL June 21

8 Conclusions Short circuit fault with fault impedance (representing an overhead line) causes active power consumption rise as short circuit current flow through fault path. In low inertia island power system, the fault current could already produce significant power losses. Load shedding scheme shall consider both under frequency as well as under voltage as the airco load in the tropical island could delay the voltage recovery and in the extreme case could lead to voltage collapse. 15 DNV GL June 21 Thank you Ir. Yin Sun Mobile: SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER 16 DNV GL June 21 8