Tier 4 Engine. A comprehensive resource featuring best practices for Tier 4 engine maintenance to ensure maximum equipment performance and value.

Transcription

1 Get CLEAN o Fuel to Protect Your Tier 4 Egie A comprehesive resource featurig best practices for Tier 4 egie maiteace to esure maximum equipmet performace ad value. Visit aem.org/clea for additioal resources. 1

2 INTRODUCTION The ew Tier 4 egies are here, ad they are uder the hood of may of the machies i operatio today. The U.S. Evirometal Protectio Agecy (EPA) has bee workig diligetly to clea the air that comes out of every egie that powers our ecoomy. The agecy s efforts require equipmet owers, operators, techicias, dealerships ad maufacturers to be aware of, educated about ad dedicated to keepig egies ad machies serviced ad clea. Souds easy eough, right? But havig a proper maiteace program, uderstadig the value of equipmet, ad workig with operators ad dealers to esure your machiery is i top shape is t eough aymore. We re ot talkig about Gradpa s tractor we could keep ruig with a pair of pliers ad a crescet wrech. The requiremets the EPA has placed o the maufacturig idustry have required that Tier 4 egies ad the vast majority of equipmet be more techologically advaced ad drive by computers ad software code. I additio, the machies ad attachmets of today are workig or more specifically, commuicatig together to esure they are as productive as possible. I respose to these developmets, a AEM committee of member experts has developed a campaig to heighte the awareess of the ew ad madatory demads placed o the ower, the operator, the techicia, the dealers, the distributors ad the equipmet s maufacturers to maximize uptime ad esure performace expectatios are met. The CLEAN campaig serves to deliver the basic facts regardig the ew techology uder the hood of every machie with a Tier 4 egie. As a maufacturer, AEM ecourages you to spread the message of CLEAN by sharig best practices about how to get the most out of the machiery your busiess couts o to be up ad ruig every day. So ivestigate the CLEAN message. But more importatly, leverage its resources to expad your kowledge ad your ability to trai others, as well as to gai access to tools to better serve your equipmet, so your equipmet will better serve you. Visit aem.org/clea for additioal resources. 2

3 CLEAN 5 KEY AREAS FOR EQUIPMENT OWNERS C L E A N COMMIT TO UNDERSTANDING YOUR TIER 4 ENGINE Today s egies use extremely precise compoets ad very high fuel pressure. These chages require cleaer fuel ad better filtratio to maitai expected performace, fuel ecoomy ad compoet life. LEARN THE FACTS ABOUT TODAY S FUEL Fuel stadards aloe ca t esure fuel is clea eough to meet Tier 4 egie eeds. Today s fuel chemistry creates more challeges with water ad allows for growth of bacteria ad fugi that ca shut you dow. EVALUATE YOUR FUEL SOURCE AND FUEL HANDLING Take clealiess very seriously. Ask the right questios to choose a supplier that uses best practices for fuel storage, distributio ad hadlig. Esure that your fuel hadlig systems are clea ad use proper filtratio. ALWAYS FOLLOW MANUFACTURER GUIDELINES They are experts o the uique requiremets ad maiteace eeds for your machie. Make sure all your equipmet operators uderstad ad follow the guidelies o fuel for your machie. NEVER TAKE YOUR ROLE FOR GRANTED Everyoe has a importat part to play. Whether you are ivolved with bulk fuel or hadlig supplier s fuel, doig your part is critical to esure the uptime ad performace you expect o your equipmet. Visit aem.org/clea for additioal resources. 3

4 C LEAN Commit To Uderstadig Your Tier 4 Egie Uderstadig your Tier 4 egie ad its eeds is the first key area to esure you get the performace ad value you expect from your equipmet. Be sure to review all 5 key areas to CLEAN o fuel ad protect your Tier 4 egie! Today s egies use extremely precise compoets ad very high fuel pressure. These chages require cleaer fuel ad better filtratio to maitai expected performace, fuel ecoomy ad compoet life. Over the past 10 years, EPA stadards for allowable itroge oxides (NOx) ad particulate matter (PM) emissios have bee reduced by 90+% compared to pre-2007 levels. Egie maufacturers have bee tasked with meetig these requiremets while improvig fuel ecoomy ad power requiremets. This has bee achieved through the itroductio of ew techology, both i the exhaust (aftertreatmet) ad o the egie (i-cylider). Aftertreatmet exhaust systems ow iclude techology such as diesel particulate filters (DPFs) to remove PM ad selective catalytic reductio (SCR) techology to remove NOx. The itroductio of the DPF was supported by a reductio i the sulfur levels of diesel fuel to below 15 parts per millio (ppm, %), though this might be lowered agai to below 7 ppm. This is to protect the catalyst as it ca be deactivated (referred to also as poisoed ) ad become ieffective if exposed to higher levels of sulfur. The use of SCR ow requires aother fluid to be itegrated ito operatios, diesel exhaust fluid (DEF). DEF is ijected i the exhaust stream prior to the SCR to aid i the process of covertig NOx to iert NO, CO 2, ad H 2 O. cotiued Visit aem.org/clea for additioal resources. 4

5 C LEAN I-cylider solutios have also bee used to cotrol NOx ad PM emissios. Exhaust gas recirculatio (EGR) has also bee implemeted as a strategy to reduce cylider temperatures ad therefore reduce NOx output. Perhaps the most drastic chage, advaced fuel ijectio systems more precisely cotrol the fuel bured i the combustio process. Multiple ijectios, with precisio timig ad quatities, have allowed egies to optimize their power ad efficiecy while maitaiig lower emissios. This precise fuel ijectio is doe usig high-pressure commo rail (HPCR). I these systems, the etire rail, or commo port that the ijectors are tied to is pressurized to the desired ijectio pressure level, up to 45,000+ psi. The ijectors are exposed to this high pressure cotiuously, ad the serve oly to modulate ad disperse the fuel from the rail ito each cylider. This is doe with complex valvig ad movig parts with extremely tight toleraces (2-5 micros or roughly the size of red blood cell). It is this high pressure, combied with critical valve seatig ad tight toleraces, that drives the eed for clea fuel to operate effectively ad maitai as-desiged performace through the service iterval of the ijector. Ay performace issues with the HPCR system ca cause: decrease i power decrease i fuel ecoomy icrease i NOx ad PM emissios These egative effects are ot acceptable i today s demadig operatig eviromets where equipmet uptime is the key to a successful operatio. To meet the ijector operatioal requiremets (performace ad service life), HPCR maufacturers have issued fuel clealiess specificatios. This is typically i the rage of ISO 18/16/13 (per ISO 4406), which is about the equivalet of 15 parts per billio (ppb) of dirt i the fuel. Allowable water is typically 0 ppm of udissolved, or free, water. To alleviate this sesitivity most maufacturers have developed ew highly effective filtratio (osite ad o machie) to achieve better tha ever results uder all coditios, so o matter what the clealiess level of the fuel comig ito the site tak (for cetrally fueled machies), the desired clealiess level ca be met o the machie. This system ad o-egie filtratio allows fuel to meet recommeded clealiess levels. However, this high efficiecy ca sometimes result i a high sesitivity to pluggig from extraordiary fuel cotamiatio. To help alleviate this filter pluggig, most maufacturers have a recommeded clealiess spec of the fuel comig ito the equipmet. This will allow for the filtratio o the dispeser (bulk filtratio) to achieve the desired icomig fuel clealiess ad prevet large fuel-related problems (like microbial growth, additive/glyceri fallout, cold temperature gellig ad water issues) from ever makig it oto the equipmet, where it would affect operatios. Commit to uderstadig your Tier 4 egie: Egies have chaged dramatically, ad they require cleaer fuel ad better filtratio. HPCR techology uses extremely precise compoets that demad clea fuel. Moder high-pressure, commo-rail fuel systems (HPCR) have tighter toleraces, which make them less tolerat to poor fuel quality. Improved fuel systems require advaced filtratio EPA & HPCR have created very differet egies with HPCR ijectio systems ad advaced filtratio. New techology maitais emissio levels ad icreases compoet logevity. Fuel has chaged. Cotamiats combied with high fuel pressure (pressure has rise to 45,000 psi) create erosio that egatively impacts performace, fuel ecoomy ad compoet life. Visit aem.org/clea for additioal resources. 5

6 C L EAN Lear The Facts About Today s Fuel Learig the facts about today s fuel is aother key area to esure you get the performace ad value you expect from your equipmet. Be sure to review all 5 key areas to get CLEAN o fuel ad protect your Tier 4 egie! Fuel stadards aloe caot esure fuel is clea eough to meet Tier 4 egie eeds. Today s fuel chemistry creates more challeges with water ad allows for growth of bacteria ad fugi that ca shut you dow. I the past, diesel fuel used to cotai higher levels of sulfur. EPA madated a reductio i sulfur cotet by more tha 97% to support ew stadards to reduce emissios from diesel egies. While there are advatages to usig ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD), there are some disadvatages as well. I the process of removig sulfur, may other beeficial properties are either reduced or elimiated. Additioally, sulfur has atural atimicrobial properties, which are reduced upo the reductio of sulfur. ULSD is hygroscopic, meaig it easily absorbs water. This ca lead to microbial growth ad corrosio. Water is the most commo cotamiat i fuel systems ad ca lead to may problems if ot cotrolled. ULSD, without the proper additives, cotais reduced levels of lubricity. Isufficiet lubricity leads to premature wear of fuel system compoets. However, ULSD cotrolled to the levels required i ASTM D975, the diesel fuel specificatio, should be at the right lubricity limits. Diesel fuel additives serve a variety of purposes. Additives may be added to diesel fuel at ay stage the refiery, pipelie distributio, bulk storage, termial or ed user. A excess of fuel additives ijected ito diesel fuel may lead to the formatio of particulates that ca plug fuel filters, causig cotamiatio issues. cotiued Visit aem.org/clea for additioal resources. 6

7 C L EAN Biodiesel ca be used as a bled i covetioal diesel fuel, ad i some cases, where allowed by the OEM, as a fuel by itself. Most specificatios are based o ASTM D975, which iclude fuel stability, flash poit, chemistry (distillatio profile, aromatic cotet), lubricity ad other properties. Throughout the fuel distributio ad trasport, fuel suppliers may add additives to meet the specificatios, which may preset opportuities for excess additives. This ca be sigificatly exacerbated if ed users add additives to the fuel o the assumptio of further improvemet of the properties. While appropriate additives ca help i keepig ijectors free of deposits, iteral ad exteral, it is best to cosult with the fuel supplier before addig aftermarket additives. It is importat to ote that additives caot impact cotamiatio i the fuel. Oly proper maiteace ad filtratio ca lead to clea fuel. Biodiesel ca be used as a bled i covetioal diesel fuel, ad is i some cases where allowed by the OEM, ca be used as a fuel by itself. Biodiesel s most commo bled levels typically rage from two volume percet (B2) to twety volume percet (B20) of the total biodiesel bled. Most egie maufacturers permit the use of B2 ad B5. I fact, per ASTM D975, ay covetioal diesel fuel ca cotai up to B5 with o labelig required. Regardless of the permitted bled level, early every maufacturer stipulates certai use requiremets ad might icrease maiteace or service itervals. Whe usig biodiesel, it is highly recommeded to use BQ 9000 accredited suppliers to help maitai the quality ad cosistecy. Diesel fuel is classified ito 1D, 2D ad 4D. The differece betwee these three classes depeds o viscosity ad pour poit. 1D fuel has lower viscosity ad is preferred for cold weather, while 2D fuels are used i warmer moths. 4D is recommeded for use i low- ad medium-speed diesel egies i applicatios ivolvig predomiatly costat speed ad load. Sometimes a bled of 1D ad 2D fuels may be used i witer moths. Good fuel suppliers chage the fuel bled durig witer ad summer seaso to help customers meet the eeds of their egies. Diesel fuel has a average shelf life of about six moths ad biodiesel about three moths. Proper storage ad maiteace are critical to keep fuels clea ad free from microbial growth ad chemical deterioratio. Always refer to maufacture guidelies for approved biodiesel bled level, special maiteace eeds, witer fuel ad additive recommedatios. These are some of the widely followed diesel fuel specificatios: ASTM D975: Stadard for diesel fuel oils (allows 5% biodiesel without otice to cosumer). ASTM D6751: Stadard for biodiesel fuel bled stock (B100) for middle distillate fuel. ASTM D7467: Stadard for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Bled (B6 to B20). While these stadards esure basic diesel fuel performace/quality, they do ot meet all OEM recommedatios for fuel clealiess. For example, some egie maufacturers recommed ISO 4406 values 18/16/13 for particulate size ad maximum total water cotet of 200 ppm, whereas ASTM D975 limits a combied water ad sedimet to 0.05% (500 ppm) by volume ad does ot limit the size ad mass of particulate i the fuel. I additio, curret specificatios do ot cotrol importat items such as additives, cold flow ad oxidatio stability. The fuel marketer has several optios o how to achieve the desired properties: choice of crude oil, refiery processig, refiery bledig, or the use of additives. Fuel marketers may provide a product that meets all applicable specificatios. Beyod that, good marketers also esure their fuel meets importat o-specificatio properties ad is fit for use, ad they follow clealiess best practices. Therefore, it is very importat to buy your fuel from someoe who maitais best practices throughout the storage ad distributio process. Visit aem.org/clea for additioal resources. 7

8 CL E AN Evaluate Your Fuel Source ad Fuel Hadlig Takig fuel hadlig ad storage seriously is a critical step to esure you get the performace ad value you expect from your equipmet. Be sure to review all 5 key areas to get CLEAN o fuel ad protect your Tier 4 egies. Take clealiess very seriously. Ask the right questios to choose a supplier that uses best practices for fuel storage, distributio ad hadlig. Esure that your fuel hadlig systems are clea ad use proper filtratio. The process of storig fuel ad trasferrig fuel from the storage taks to the fuel tak of a piece of equipmet ca be a major source of fuel cotamiatio. Coectios, hoses, pumps, filters ad the delivery system all have effects o the fuel. Damage ad poor maiteace of these hoses ad pipes leave opportuities for debris ad water to eter the fuel. cotiued Visit aem.org/clea for additioal resources. 8

9 CL E AN Uiversal best practices to help you maitai your fuel s clealiess ad quality while beig stored ad trasferred, plus some questios regardig commo problems, are as follows: Use oly hoses ad pipig that are specifically desiged to be used with diesel. Are flex hoses stored with caps istalled to prevet cotamiatio, or are they ope-eded layig i the dirt? Check the fuel pumps that eable the movemet of the fuel for damage, as they are a easy gateway for particles to eter the fuel. Does the supplier improperly use the same delivery truck regardless of the product carried (diesel, biodiesel, gasolie, ethaol, heatig oil, etc.)? Has the ozzle that eters the fuel tak of the equipmet bee properly cleaed ad maitaied? Do you allow the ozzle to be stored improperly with the ope ed exposed to gather raiwater, dust, bugs, etc.? Perform prevetative maiteace o all trasfer equipmet. Ispect ad replace ay wor or aged parts icludig caps, seals, gaskets ad filters. Does your tak vet have a filter, or just a ope pipe that draws dirty air ito the tak as the fuel level drops? Purchase the correct fuel ad store it accordig to the eviromet. Do you purchase biodiesel i the sprig, let the tak sit i the summer su, ad expect it to still be good i the fall? Completely empty ad clea the taks periodically; your fuel supplier could help you determie the right schedule. Do you use udergroud taks, but ever check for groud water leakage? Owers of bulk fuel taks: Keep a storage tak maiteace log to track itervals for ispectio, cleaig ad filter chages. Esure your bulk tak has proper filters: A outlet filter that removes water ad is rated at 10 micro or less. A desiccat-style vet filter rated at 1 micro. Potetially harmful fuel properties: Diesel egies ad aftertreatmet systems must be protected from several dirty or substadard diesel fuel properties, each associated with their ow failure modes: Dirt (Fuel Particle Cocetratio maximums of 18/16/13 per ISO stadard 4406, before beig pumped oboard the equipmet). Water (max 0.02%). Wax (cloud poit should be 6 C below lowest ambiet expected). Lubricity (maximum of 520-micro wear scar HFRR). Boilig poit (miimum of 150 C) Cetae (45 miimum). Viscosity (1.3 to 4.1 cetistokes is acceptable). Sulfur (15ppm maximum). Ash (maximum 0.02%). Orgaic cotrols (fugus growth, biodiesel decay, etc.) cotiued Visit aem.org/clea for additioal resources. 9

10 CL E AN Biodiesel characteristics: High temperatures ca shorte biodiesel s shelf life to make it expire sooer, possibly causig a brow sludge to form i the bottom of the storage tak. Shelf life is measured by the oxidatio stability; higher is better. Look for fuels with 20+ hours o the EN15751 test method. Whe cold biodiesel fuel is warmed up, the actual temperature required to clear the cloudiess is higher tha the cloud poit test results, so use a 16-hour Cold Soak Filterability Test (ASTM D7501 test method) with a result that has a adequate margi to your expected evirometal coditios. Whe storig equipmet for a exteded period of time (more tha three moths), try to ru a full tak of biodiesel-free regular diesel fuel prior to egie shutdow for storage. Switchig from diesel to biodiesel may clea taks ad shorte filter life. Be ready to chage the fuel filters early. Moder fie micro filters may also have shorter life with biodiesel, exhibitig symptoms of low power output, difficulty startig, etc. Bleds above B20 (20% bio ad 80% diesel) icrease the risks. Biodiesel holds more water tha regular diesel fuel, ad the water is boud up with the bio compoet, so it is more difficult for the coalescig filter to strip out the water. The Coordiatig Research Coucil Report CRC-667 has good additioal iformatio o fuel storage ad hadlig. Visit aem.org/clea for additioal resources. 10

11 CLE A N Always Follow Maufacturer Guidelies Followig maufacturer guidelies is essetial. Be sure to review all 5 key areas to get CLEAN o fuel ad protect your Tier 4 egie! They are experts o the uique requiremets ad maiteace eeds for your machie. Make sure all your equipmet operators uderstad ad follow their guidelies o fuel. Your equipmet is a big ivestmet, ad you wat it to be trouble-free ad last a log time. So does the compay you purchased it from, because it wats to keep your busiess. Take time to review your machie s ower s maual. Pay special attetio to fuel basics such as the grade requiremets, bledig recommedatios for cold weather, ad biodiesel bled percetage approval ad related guidelies. Next, review the maual for critically importat plaed maiteace what to do, plus how ad whe to do it. It usually cotais some importat whatot-to-do s also! All products have service itervals, ad most have daily checks draiig fuel system water traps is a prime example. Go through your maual carefully, because Tier 4 egie techology has brought about some chages. You really wat to be aware ad follow all of the guidelies because it pays you i machie uptime to do so! cotiued Visit aem.org/clea for additioal resources. 11

12 CLE A N Examples of some uiversal best practices: Drai fuel system water traps daily. Keep a spare fuel filter o had for each egie. Use oly maufacturer-approved fuel filters ad fuel additives. Refill machie fuel taks at the ed of a work shift to reduce codesatio. Use oly clea fuel cas dedicated for diesel use, ad keep the dispesig ed clea ad dry. I seasoally cold regios: Follow all cold-weather startig procedures. If usig biodiesel, completely purge your tak before witer. Switch to witer bled early to be ready for temperature chages. To avoid gellig, cofirm your supplier uses a witer bled of #1 ad #2 diesel with a low cloud-poit temperature. Whe you eed replacemet parts, fluids, filters ad fuel additives, see your equipmet maufacturer. Sure there are other choices, ad sometimes for less moey, but they may ot be the best value. Here s why: equipmet maufacturers closely maage the quality of their parts, because their brad ame depeds o quality to sell the ext machie. Whe it comes to fluids, filters ad fuel additives, equipmet maufacturers choose the top supplier of a give product, ad ofte co-develop that product as eeded to create the uique formula or desig for that brad. If you do have a problem with your equipmet ad eed help from the maufacturer, it s always quicker ad easier to get to a remedy if you have followed the maufacturer guidelies ad used their products. It also rules out ay ucomfortable discussios related to warraty eligibility for these areas of cosideratio. Bottom lie do t experimet with other suppliers i the hope of fidig a better value. You would be gamblig with your expesive machie, ad the odds would be stacked agaist you. Buy your parts, accessories ad supplies from the equipmet maufacturer! Visit aem.org/clea for additioal resources. 12

13 CLEA N Never Take Your Role For Grated Everyoe has a importat part to play. Whether you are ivolved with bulk fuel or hadlig supplier s fuel, doig your part is critical to esure the uptime ad performace you expect o your equipmet. To meet EPA egie emissios air quality stadards, OEMs itroduced High Pressure Commo Rail (HPCR) techology to cotrol fuel combustio, reducig udesirable emissios. These HPCR systems require fuel much cleaer tha was ever eeded i the past. To do this, much tighter fuel filters have bee placed i the fuel system, ad they must remove early all particulate from the fuel. The role of the ed user is to esure the ow much higher performig fuel filters still achieve the desired service iterval. This is doe by kowig about the fuel beig purchased ad applyig best practices to the storage ad hadlig of that fuel oce o site. Does the fuel meet all ecessary ASTM specificatios? Always purchase fuel that is made to a ASTM spec. What percet is biodiesel? More biodiesel ca mea better lubricity, but also greater water-carryig capacity ad a icreased likelihood for microbial growth. More biodiesel also meas the fuel will have a higher cloud poit ad, if operatig i colder climates, may cause flow or operability issues. To maximize cold-climate operability usig ay fuel, always kow the cloud poit ad cold filter plug poit of the fuel beig purchased. Make sure your fuel is suitable for the local weather coditios, both curret ad expected. Your role as a equipmet ower or operator should ot be take for grated as it relates to your fuel supply. Check to see the coditio of the equipmet s fuel tak to make sure dust is ot beig igested as fuel is depleted. Best practices would dictate that you also check the tak bottom o a periodic basis to make sure dirt or water are ot buildig up. This is especially importat for equipmet that is ot utilized very ofte. cotiued Visit aem.org/clea for additioal resources. 13

14 CLEA N Bulk fuel storage resposibilities: You must start with a clea storage tak. The rag layer remats of old fuel, dirt, isoluble additive ad water at the bottom of the tak will cause issues with ay ew taker of fuel that is delivered. Each cotamiat ca be a catalyst for additioal fuel issues, so hire a reputable tak cleaer who will get the job doe right the first time. If you wish to filter the fuel upo delivery from the supplier, istall a filter system upstream of the storage tak (if possible). Doig so will provide you the opportuity to refuse delivery of fuel that would cause equipmet dowtime. Whe combied with a freshly cleaed storage tak, this esures clea fuel both comig i ad i storage. To keep it clea i storage, utilize a tak breather filter to remove dirt ad moisture as the tak breathes due to fuel beig pumped i or out. Water i fuel ca be the cause of may issues, so precautios must be take to keep it out. Water ca eter the storage tak i three mai forms. First, it ca be delivered as free water with the supply of fuel (ot very commo). Secod, all diesel bleds especially biodiesels ca hold dissolved water. This water will ot remai dissolved if the temperature of the diesel drops too much (while settlig water will codese out of diesel). Third, the air draw ito the tak cotais dissolved moisture ad, whe exposed to colder temperatures of the tak wall (e.g. over a cool ight), it will codese o the surfaces ad drop to the bottom. Diesel should ot be stored for log periods, but if this is ot avoidable, work with your fuel supplier to esure the proper additives are beig employed. Use periodic (mothly) testig of the fuel to make sure it is still fit for use whe eeded. Be careful ot to use ay additioal additives i stored fuel without cosultig with your fuel supplier. Typically, fuel is sold fit for your purpose, whether for cold flow properties or the eed to store it loger. Addig more of aythig is rarely a good thig, so be sure to cosult the supplier first to make sure your decisio is ot costig you extra moey i additives or lost uptime due to fuel issues. Fially, havig a good dispeser filter will esure that if there are ay issues from the refiery through distributio ad storage, they will ot be delivered ito the equipmet where uptime ca be lost. A dispeser (or bulk) filter system should be chose based o desired clealiess, quatity of fuel beig used ad pumpig pressure available, amog other desig criteria. Aother optio is to istall water-absorbig elemets to esure o water is delivered with the batch of diesel fuel. Work with a reputable fuel filter maufacturer to esure all goals are met. Your OEM may have bulk filtratio recommedatios, which you should follow. Eve with a good filter system, good housekeepig cotiues afterwards. Be sure fuel ozzles are kept clea ad out of exposure to the geeral atmosphere (where dust is always preset). Check to see the coditio of the equipmet s fuel tak to make sure dust is ot beig igested there as fuel is depleted. Speakig of the equipmet s fuel tak, best practices would dictate that you also check the tak bottom o a periodic basis to make sure dirt or water are ot buildig up. This is especially importat for equipmet that is ot utilized very ofte. It is best to uderstad how water forms ad to take every precautio agaist it: Use water-absorbig filters o the ilet to stop icomig free water from the supplier (rare). Keep the tak full to miimize air codesatio i the headspace. Use a breather filter to miimize moist air eterig the tak headspace. Locate the tak i a place where temperatures will be stable (sometimes ot possible). Check the tak bottom o a periodic (weekly) basis to idetify water, dirt, or aythig orgaic (microbial) that may cause filter pluggig issues. cotiued Visit aem.org/clea for additioal resources. 14

15 CLEA N Emissio techology has icreased the maiteace resposibilities of the ower/operator: Uderstad the characteristics of today s diesel fuel ad get to kow your fuel supplier. Proper diesel fuel sourcig, storig ad supplyig are fudametal to your success. High-quality OEM-recommeded fuel filters are the key to egie performace ad logevity. Do t igore basic fuel hadlig hygiee. It is critical to keep fuel ozzles clea, filters chaged regularly ad fuel fresh. Biodiesel fuel bleds require a uique ad higher level of maiteace eeds. Biodiesel is hygroscopic, collectig water that geerates algae, bacteria, fugi ad spores. Biodiesel begis to gel at much higher temperatures tha diesel. Biodiesel that is ot processed to the required specificatios may cotai glyceri, which ca cotribute to rapid filter pluggig. The overall cost of fuel issues ad problems outweighs ay costs of maitaiig your fuel ad fuel taks. Your role as a equipmet ower or operator should ot be take for grated as it relates to your fuel supply. While there are may variables to cosider, there are also may best practices that ca be followed to esure issues are kept to a miimum. Kow ad commuicate with your fuel supplier, ad follow the guidelies outlied above for the storage ad hadlig of your diesel fuel. This will esure you ot oly protect your egie s ijectio system from damage, but also help meet the filter service itervals ad equipmet uptime expectatios that you have. Visit aem.org/clea for additioal resources. 15

16 C L E Get SUMMARY CLEANoFuel to Protect Your Tier 4 Egie Equipmet 5 KEY AREAS FOR EQUIPMENT OWNERS COMMIT TO UNDERSTANDING YOUR TIER 4 ENGINE Today s egies use extremely precise compoets ad very high fuel pressure. These chages require cleaer fuel ad better filtratio to maitai expected performace, fuel ecoomy ad compoet life. Tier 4-compliat diesel egies are dramatically differet from their predecessors. Their high-pressure, commo-rail (HPCR) fuel systems use extremely precise compoets, makig them less tolerat of poor fuel quality. Because fuel pressure is as high as 45,000 psi, ay cotamiats ca create erosio that egatively impacts egie performace, fuel ecoomy ad compoet life. LEARN THE FACTS ABOUT TODAY S FUEL Fuel stadards aloe ca t esure fuel is clea eough to meet Tier 4 egie eeds. Today s fuel chemistry creates more challeges with water ad allows for growth of bacteria ad fugi that ca shut you dow. Today s Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) cotais 99% less sulfur, so it has may differet qualities tha past diesel fuels. Refiig techiques ad additives may vary from supplier to supplier, so it s importat to buy your fuel from someoe who maitais best practices throughout their storage ad distributio process. Also be aware that today s diesel has a average shelf life of about six moths, ad that exteded trasportatio ca chage the characteristics of diesel fuel betwee the refiery ad your tak. EVALUATE YOUR FUEL SOURCE AND FUEL HANDLING Take clealiess very seriously. Ask the right questios to choose a supplier that uses best practices for fuel storage, distributio ad hadlig. Esure that your fuel hadlig systems are clea ad use proper filtratio. If you use biodiesel, follow maufacturers recommedatios. Biodiesel fuel bleds vary by state from B2 to B20. Maufacturers recommed B2 to B5 levels. Recommeded biodiesel suppliers should meet BQ-9000 stadards. A ALWAYS FOLLOW MANUFACTURER GUIDELINES They are experts o the uique requiremets ad maiteace eeds for your machie. Make sure all your equipmet operators uderstad ad follow the guidelies o fuel for your machie. Create maiteace logs with established itervals for ispectio, cleaig ad filter chages. Keep a spare fuel filter o-had for each egie ad use oly maufacturer-approved fuel filters ad fuel additives. Drai water traps daily. Refill fuel taks at the ed of a work shift to reduce codesatio ad oly use clea fuel cotaiers dedicated for diesel use. N NEVER TAKE YOUR ROLE FOR GRANTED Everyoe has a importat part to play. Whether you are ivolved with bulk fuel or hadlig supplier s fuel, doig your part is critical to esure the uptime ad performace you expect o your equipmet. With Tier 4 egies, maufacturers have icreased the maiteace resposibilities of the equipmet ower/operator. Therefore, proper diesel fuel sourcig, storage ad supply are critical. High-quality OEM-recommeded fuel filters are the key to egie logevity, but do t igore basic fuel hadlig hygiee, such as cleaig fuel ozzles, chagig filters regularly ad keepig fuel fresh. Also remember that biodiesel bleds require a ew level of maiteace eeds. Visit aem.org/clea for additioal resources. 16