USAF Use of Biodiesel Blends (B20)

Transcription

1 USAF Use of Biodiesel Bleds (B20) Cleared for Public Release 88ABW Be Curtis, Director Product Support Directorate Air Force Petroleum Office

2 What is Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME)? Docosae, C 22 H 46 - commo diesel fuel compoet No-polar molecule Methyl beheate, C22:0 saturated FAME O No-polar ed O Polar ed attracts water FAME (biodiesel) is made from vegetable oils or aimal fats. It is mixed with diesel fuel at a 20 volume % cocetratio to create a biodiesel bled (B20). Because of their similar chemical structures, FAME will combust like diesel fuel. The oxyge molecules attract water creatig issues ot see with petroleum-based diesel fuel. There will be a quiz o molecular structures at the ed

3 Timelie 2001 USAF 1-year B20 Demostratio at a Midwest Base Oly 1 soybea oil feedstock used, good quality product, o techical issues see B20 implemeted at may AF Bases to reduce foreig oil depedece ad reduce carbo emissios Icreased frequecy of bulk tak cleaig versus diesel fuel 2007 Witer Multiple Bases (orther & souther) affected by Cold Weather Filter Pluggig (CWFP) durig extremely cold weather Most vehicles usig B20 would ot start, cloggig of dispeser filters 2008 ASTM B100 spec added ew requiremets to address CWFP Reduced umber of CWFP occurreces by cold filterig trace cotamiats ESTCP TRIPOL Project to determie if B20 use could icrease Mixed results, orage deposits see at multiple locatios i vehicles AFRL ivestigatig fugal growth i B20 bulk taks AF B20 cosumptio 1.8 millio gallos/year, largest sigle user i US

4 2007 Cold Weather Filter Pluggig (CWFP) Filters have the appearace of havig bee rubbed with lard 30 gallos of B20 at this locatio passed through 6 spi-o filters which yielded several pouds of solids The AFPET bega aalyzig B20 i the witer of 2007 whe CWFP restricted operatios at may Bases durig a arctic blast.

5 B20 Bulk Storage AF Research Labs have idetified fugal growth as the cause of icreased B20 tak cleaig, Automatic Tak Gauge (ATG) ad water probe failures, ad loss of product See Dr. Goodso s briefig

6 Microbial Growth Biodiesel is easily metabolized by fugi ad microbes Water ad biomass is a result of microbial fuel metabolism ATG ad water probes ca fail oce growth established Floats hampered by fugal growth ad biomass accumulatio Primarily a souther Base problem but see at orther Bases i taks with water maagemet issues

7 Stability of B20 i Vehicles The thermal ad oxidative istability of B20 has bee show to leave heavy deposits o the fuel-wetted parts of vehicles These deposits form o fuel taks, pumps, ijectors ad valves impedig their operatio, deposits also see post egie as well as EGR ad emissio cotrols Vehicle deposits foud at orther ad souther Air Force Bases B20 use voids the warraty of may vehicles, B5 is geerally OEM accepted The desig of the vehicle also determies if these deposits will form The cost of cleaig ad replacig these parts is substatial

8 Quiz The oxyge molecules i FAME attract water, ecourage microbial growth, ad cause thermal ad oxidative breakdow products which damage vehicles I 2 d geeratio biofuels, such as reewable diesel ad Hydro-treated Vegetable Oil (HVO), maufacturers remove the oxyge from FAME yieldig a molecule that is idetical to the oes foud i diesel fuel These fuels have bee used i bleds of up to 50% providig better eergy security ad lower carbo emissios AFPET ad VSCOS (AF Vehicles) to coduct a demostratio of a HVO bled at a souther Base experiecig major microbial issues to determie if it will perform better tha B20 O O

9 Coclusios B20 Biodiesel was adopted to reduce our depedece o foreig oil ad reduce carbo emissios But there were substatial hidde costs ad uiteded cosequeces with B20 use HVO ad reewable diesel ca be used i cocetratios up to 50%, reducig our depedece without cosequeces Some NATO Allies already successfully usig 50% HVO bleds There are bio-based diesel fuels uder developmet that ca be used at 100% cocetratios usig HVO mixed with sythetic bio-based aromatic hydrocarbos Time has come to move away from B20 to 2 d ad 3 rd geeratio biofuels to reduce costs ad improve missio readiess

10 Questios?