Honda s challenge towards Future Environmental Technologies

Transcription

1 Imperial College Special Lecture Honda s challenge towards Future Environmental Technologies January 9, 2008 Tomohiko Kawanabe Senior Managing Director, Honda R&D Co., Ltd.

2 1. Background -Deterioration of the environment -Exhaustion of energy 2. Honda s research and development for environmental technologies -Internal combustion engine Petroleum spark-ignition engine HCCI engine Diesel engine Hybrid EV Fuel cell EV -Energy Bio ethanol 3.Conclusion 2

3 Changes in Envirnonmental Today Intensity of concern Energy (sustainability) Climate change (fuel consumption) Past Present Air pollution (exhaust emissions control) Future 3

4 Increases in the Number of Transportation methods 100 million units Predicted number of owned automobiles USA Air 11% Air Other Rail Automobile 88% Automobile Other 12.2 (17%) Asia (27%) Japan 6% 27% 67% 4 Europe (31%) (%) North America (25%) Source: DOT, US/MLIT, Japan Source: IEEJ Asia/World Energy Outlook 4

5 The supply of conventional oil will reach a limit sooner or later (sudden price increases due to increases in demand and production limits). Oil production Gbarrel/Y Results of oil Production to date 3% economic growth Assumed lower bound for oil production 2% economic growth Assumed upper bound for oil production 5

6 Expectations for biofuel increases World Business Council for Sustainable Development The Sustainable Mobility Project Full Report 2004 Mobility

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8 1. Background -Deterioration of the environment -Exhaustion of energy 2. Honda s research and development for environmental technologies -Internal combustion engine Petroleum spark-ignition engine HCCI engine Diesel engine Hybrid EV Fuel cell EV -Energy Bio ethanol 3.Conclusion 8

9 Low CO 2 Diesel Biofuel technology Clean diesel Combustion CAT technology Direct Injection Bio fuel Base Compression ignition + D.I. Light weight, high efficiency Hydrogen storage Battery HEV technology Combustion Hybrid technology VTEC evolution Cylinder deactivation Lean burn Petroleum Variable technology FCEV Low NO X 9

10 1. Background -Deterioration of the environment -Exhaustion of energy 2. Honda s research and development for environmental technologies -Internal combustion engine Petroleum spark-ignition engine HCCI engine Diesel engine Hybrid EV Fuel cell EV -Energy Bio ethanol 3.Conclusion 10

11 Current i-vtec engine series (+15 20%) Fuel efficiency 95 model Time 11

12 VTEC + VTC valve mechanism Variable Cylinder management VTEC + delayed inlet closure i-vtec: Intelligent Variable valve Timing and lift Electronic Control 12

13 Acceleration Engine load POWER ZONE 6 Cylinder operation Idle 10-1 Cruise ZONE 3 Cylinder operation 10 Deceleration Vehicle speed -2 High 10 Log P ( MPa) 1 Pumping loss Log V (cm 3 ) 6 Cylinders 3 Cylinders VCM Variable Cylinder Management 13

14 Fuel efficiency HCCI Advanced 95 model Time 14

15 Step to variable Enhancement of both power and fuel economy Continuously variable lift with new valvetrain system Lift/Continuously variable phase Exhaust valve Intake valve Lift Continuously variable phase with VTC 15

16 1. Background -Deterioration of the environment -Exhaustion of energy 2. Honda s research and development for environmental technologies -Internal combustion engine Petroleum spark-ignition engine HCCI engine Diesel engine Hybrid EV Fuel cell EV -Energy Bio ethanol 3.Conclusion 16

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18 P22 P24 Dual Fuel (DF) Engine with Bio Ethanol Ethanol blended fuels RON = Petroleum Ethanol RON = 110 Load Combustion map SI In-tank fuel separator CR = 13 HCCI Ne ROHR [J/deg] DF-HCCI ignition control Ethanol: 0% 9% 14% Controllable 19% Crank angle [deg.atdc] IG timing [ deg.btdc] DF-SI knock-free IG delay (knock) No delay (MBT) Petroleum only Dual fuel Intake pressure [kpa.gage] 18

19 To achieve moderate pressure increases under boosted condition Ethanol ROHR Stratified ON Petroleum region Ethanol region CA Combustion test P [kpa/deg] NO X [ppm] No stratified ON Stratified ON IMEP [kpa] 19

20 1. Background -Deterioration of the environment -Exhaustion of energy 2. Honda s research and development for environmental technologies -Internal combustion engine Petroleum spark-ignition engine HCCI engine Diesel engine Hybrid EV Fuel cell EV -Energy Bio ethanol 3.Conclusion 20

21 Honda presented the i-dtec new generation clean diesel engine technology to the world at the 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show. (Sept. 11, 2007) i-dtec EURO V i-dtec prototype tier II Bin 5 21

22 (g/mile) 0.04 (g/km) EURO IV Production model PM % LNC system Combustion improvement DPF system BIN 5 J post new long-term EURO VI EURO V 85 85% (g/km) (g/mile) NO X 22

23 Improved combustion New combustion chamber design High-pressure piezo common rail Compression ratio Combustion pressure sensor Closed-coupled catalytic converter Diesel particulate filter (DPF) New software LNC control Combustion control Cetane estimation Underfloor lean NO X CAT system Improved lean NO X catalyst Rich air/fuel ratio spike control Sulfur regeneration Emission stabilizing system NOXX O 2 HC, CO NO X adsorbent Oxidize OBD-II system N 2 CO 2 + H 2 O 23

24 Honda System LNC (lean NO X catalyst) system Exhaust gas Oxidation catalyst DPF LNC Exhaust gas CO/HC PM NOx Upper layer NH 3 adsorption layer Lower layer NO X adsorption layer Platinum particulate Key LNC reaction CO+H 2 O CO 2 +H 2 NO x +H NH 2 3 +H 2 O NH 3 adsorption (rich atmosphere) and NO X selective reduction by NH 3 (lean atmosphere) layer NO X adsorption (lean atmosphere) and NH 3 formation (rich atmosphere) layer Substrate 24 27

25 1. Background -Deterioration of the environment -Exhaustion of energy 2. Honda s research and development for environmental technologies -Internal combustion engine Petroleum spark-ignition engine HCCI engine Diesel engine Hybrid EV Fuel cell EV -Energy Bio ethanol 3.Conclusion 25

26 IMA system features Main High-efficiency engine IMA battery Inverter Auxiliary power Motor-assist mechanism L4 1.3L i-vtec IMA 3-stage VTEC + Motor IMA: Integrated Motor Assist 26

27 (Motor drive) Cylinder deactivation deceleration and cruising Cylinder deactivation during deceleration 27

28 1. Background -Deterioration of the environment -Exhaustion of energy 2. Honda s research and development for environmental technologies -Internal combustion engine Petroleum spark-ignition engine HCCI engine Diesel engine Hybrid EV Fuel cell EV -Energy Bio ethanol 3.Conclusion 28

29 INSIGHT (hybrid vehicle) Civic hybrid EV-PLUS (electric vehicle) Civic GX (natural gas vehicle) 29

30 Power/Weight density (kw/kg) Honda FC Stack Evolution Significant improvements compared to previous model Power/Volume density: +50%, Power/Weight density: +67% * Power/Volume density (kw/l) 2.5 V flow fuel cell stack (center tunnel layout) 95 kw 129PS Maximum motor torque 256 Nm 26.1 kgm Driving range 570 km (355 miles) Energy storage Lithium-ion battery Fuel cell stack output 100 kw Hydrogen tank 171 L/5000psi (35 Mpa) Maximum speed 160 km/h Maximum motor output *1 City mode(la4-h/h Honda estimation) 30

31 1. Background -Deterioration of the environment -Exhaustion of energy 2. Honda s research and development for environmental technologies -Internal combustion engine Petroleum spark-ignition engine HCCI engine Diesel engine Hybrid EV Fuel cell EV -Energy Bio ethanol 3.Conclusion 31

32 Co-existence with food CO 2 Cellulosic ethanol Cellulose Ethanol 32

33 Edible part Structure Cellulose Hemicellulose Ethanol Lignin Non-edible part Biomass 10 20% 20 30% 30 40% Lignin Hemicellulose Cellulose Xylose C5 sugar HOCH 2 O OH OH OH Glucose C6 sugar CH 2 OH OH HO O OH OH 33

34 Biomass Edible part Conventional Sugar cane Corn Boiling Juice Starch Extraction Saccharification Glucose Alcohol conversion Yeast RITE- Honda process Straw Non-edible part Separation Cellulose and Hemicellulose Saccharification Glucose and xylose Alcohol conversion RITE strain Ethanol 34

35 RITE strain Minimally influenced by fermentation inhibitors Simultaneously uses glucose and xylose Yeast Seriously influenced by fermentation inhibitors Uses only glucose RITE strain Corynebacterium glutamicum R 35

36 Reduction of energy consumption [MJ/ ] 25 Energy consumption for ethanol production Heat Reduction of heat loss for pre-treatment and distillation Reduction of electricity consumption for the reactor Electricity HHV ethanol Fossil fuel Improvement in production efficiency Weight for ethanol production [ ] ash lignin hemicellulose cellulose Sugar yield Theoretical Ethanol yield 0 Rice straw estimation Fossil fuel Rice straw target Corn present Argonne National Lab September Rice straw Sugar C6H12O6 C5H10O5 Ethanol C2H5OH 36

37 1. Background -Deterioration of the environment -Exhaustion of energy 2. Honda s research and development for environmental technologies -Internal combustion engine Petroleum spark-ignition engine HCCI engine Diesel engine Hybrid EV Fuel cell EV -Energy Bio ethanol 3.Conclusion 37

38 1. Energy sources will likely diversify in the future because of the depletion of fossil fuels and the demand for CO 2 reduction. Extensive application of bio fuel as a renewable energy is an important theme. 2. The research into higher efficiency and cleaner combustion of internal combustion engine is very important theme. 3. For full-scale use of renewable energies,revolutionary progress in battery and hydrogen onboard storage technology is required.. 4. Because the CO2 exhaust is adjusted to 0, the practical use of FCEV is important. 38

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