Introduction of Current Clean Diesel Technology and Subjects for Passenger Car, Application for Thailand
|
|
- Ashley Foster
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Introduction of Current Clean Diesel Technology and Subjects for Passenger Car, Application for Thailand Norio Suzuki Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology ABSTRACT Diesel emission regulations have become more stringent and new emission technologies have been proposed. One is improving the combustion, the other is applying new aftertreatment systems. Using high pressure common rail injector and precise EGR control, combustion was improved to reduce emissions. DPF and NOx catalyst tend to be used for after treatment systems. DPF became common which traps PM over 90%. There are two NOx after treatment systems, one is Urea SCR and the other is LNC. Fuel specifications and vehicle use pattern and emission regulation in Thailand will be considered for the application of these technologies. INTRODUCTION Because of lower CO2 emissions, diesel engine vehicles became over 50% in Europe and tend to increase in USA and Japan. The other hand, diesel emission regulations have become more stringent as shown in Fig.1, and new emission technologies have been proposed. Using high pressure common rail injector and large amount EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) control system, combustion was improved to reduce emissions. But comparing with gasoline engine, there was no feed back control system for diesel engine. Considering deteriorations, controlling low level PM and NOx emissions seems very difficult. To keep emissions lower, after treatment system will be needed concurrently. For diesel engine, emission subjects are PM and NOx. CO and HC can be reduced by DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst). To reduce PM, DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) application became popular. To reduce NOx, there are two approaches using catalysts. One is Urea SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) and the other is LNC (Lean NOx Catalyst). Introducing each system characteristics and subjects, taking account fuel specifications and vehicle use pattern and emission regulation in Thailand, future diesel system application in Thailand will be considered. PM (g/km) US Tire2Bin5('04) JPN09 Euro5('09) Euro6('14) Euro4('05) Euro3('00) NOx (g/km) Fig.1 Diesel Emission Regulations for Passenger Cars DIESEL EMISSION TECHNOLOGIES Car manufacturers keep on developing diesel emission technologies to satisfy stricter emission regulations. Gasoline emissions became very low level using TWC (Three Way Catalyst). On the other hand, diesel exhaust contains high oxygen percentage that cannot be applied TWC. Main strategy to reduce PM and NOx used to be improving combustion. Continuously, EGR with turbo charging, DOC and CRS (Common Rail System) introduced. SUBJECTS OF DIESEL EMISSIONS TWC for gasoline engine has quite high reduction performance over 95% for CO, HC, NOx after activated. Hence, main strategy is targeted to reduce raw emissions during cold period before TWC activates, and control A/F to stoichiometry after TWC activates. Diesel exhaust gas contains less CO, HC and more PM and NOx than gasoline engine. Diesel combustion is very lean, so CO and HC can be oxidized with DOC. Hence, main strategy is targeted to reduce PM and NOx. There is a trade off relationship between PM and NOx. PM will increase during incomplete combustion (rack of oxygen, low combustion temperature), NOx will increase during complete combustion (Nitrogen oxidization with high combustion temperature). Reducing
2 emissions, there are three technologies like improvement of combustion, after treatment and improvement of fuel. IMPROVEMENT OF COMBUSTION Using CRS, multiple injections could be applied according to engine lord and revolution as shown in Fig. 2 and 3 (1). Pilot injection will be used for PCI (Premixed Compression Ignition) and post injection will be used for controlling temperature of after treatment devices. Fuel injection pressure became higher, 200MPa of piezo type injector comparing 160MPa of solenoid type injector. Utilizing optimum multi stage injection, cooled EGR and VGT (Variable Geometry Turbocharger) contributed to lower emissions and high engine performance. Some cars reached to Euro4 emission level with these improvements and modified DOC (Fig.4). Heavy vehicles like SUV need additional after treatment system. EGR is very important for reducing NOx, but there are some subjects like a carbon deposit inside the passage which will change EGR rate. One of a countermeasure is clean EGR, introducing exhaust gas after DPF. In this case, EGR passage becomes longer and its response becomes slower, so a modern control technology must be taken. There are new technologies like two-stage turbocharger or dual-loop EGR which will cover wider range with higher performance. PCI is useable for reducing PM and NOx simultaneously but applicable for only low lord condition (Fig.5). Pilot injection and high EGR rate (for example 60%) will help for low temperature slow combustion which cause quite low PM and NOx emissions. Controlling the ignition timing is so important that combustion pressure control will be needed against fuel specification disperse and EGR / injection deterioration. Further, there is a subject of control method during transient mode between PCI combustion and conventional combustion. Due to the difference of responses between air (especially EGR) and fuel injection, emissions and noise will increase during transient. For example, EGR rate will change from 60% to 30% at certain combustion switching point. Hence, switching control method to overcome these subjects is very important. PM (g/km) Pilot Pre Main After Fig.2 Multiple Injections 0.05 Higher Pressure Injection Combustion Chamber Modification 0.04 High EGR Ratio (Cooled) Modified Turbocharger Modified DOC 0.03 Euro4 Post Euro NOx (g/km) Fig.4 Improvement of Combustion for Euro4 Fig.3 Examples of Multiple Injections (1)
3 AFTER TREATMENT SYSTEMS Temperature Management System Comparing with gasoline engine, diesel exhaust gas temperature is very low. With current technology for a gasoline engine, a closed couple catalyst may activate within 20seconds after cold start of US EPA federal test mode. For diesel engine, it will take longer and catalysts temperature will drop during deceleration and idle. For the purpose of early catalysts worming up and keeping catalysts activated, a temperature management system using special combustion contributing catalysts temperature and post injection is necessary. It will be useful for DPF and LNC regeneration, too. PM Reduction System DPF system shown Fig.6 is a mainstream after treatment to reduce PM emission (1). PM trap rate will be over 90%. DPF will be filled with Soot according to vehicle mileage, so DPF regeneration is important technology. For the purpose of continuous regeneration, catalysts tend to be equipped with DPF to improve soot oxidization efficiency at lower temperature. But in case of urban traffic, average vehicle speed tends to be very slow that DPF temperature may not be sufficient for continuous regeneration. Hence, active regeneration must be conducted to burn soot before clogging will occur. Soot will start to burn very slowly around 300degC but DPF temperature will be controlled around 600degC for more efficiently active regeneration. DPF temperature must be controlled under certain temperature limit of DPF to prevent a thermal damage. Regarding materials, SiC (Silicon Carbide) is better than cordierite because of thermal resistance. Cordierite has a cost merit so it s under developing. Active regeneration consists of two stages, one is catalyst activation stage the other is DPF temperature control stage. Using intake air shutter valve and fuel injection arrangement with post injection, catalyst temperature will become activated over 200degC. Next, DPF temperature will be controlled around 600degC using post injection which will be burnt in the catalyst to produce heat. During active regeneration, fuel economy and emissions become worse. Because of post injection, fuel will return to intake air passage through EGR. This will affect to engine torque and EGR valve thermal deterioration. Additionally, down flow catalysts may be deteriorated by the heat of DPF regeneration. Estimating catalysts deterioration, heat and interval of DPF regeneration must be taking account. Engine Load Conventional Combustion PCI Combustion Engine Speed Fig.5 PCI Combustion Zone and Switching Fig.6 DPF system (1)
4 Fig.7 Urea SCR system (2) Fig.8 Basic Concept of LNC (3) is 32.5% urea solution and it will be injected in front of SCR catalyst and become ammonia after hydrolyzed to reduce NOx to nitrogen. In case of over dosing, ammonia slip will occur. For countermeasure against ammonia slip, oxidation catalyst after SCR will be needed. SCR doesn t be affected with sulfur including fuel and engine oil but DOC will be affected with sulfur on its oxidation ability. Subjects are it needs urea supply infrastructure, and space for dosing system on vehicle. Furthermore, preventing wrong usage (lack of urea), countermeasure must be taken. Urea solution will be frozen at -11degC. Heating is needed for freezing area usage. LNC system Fig.9 DPNR System (Toyota) (4) NOx Reduction Systems There are two majority of NOx after treatment systems. One is Urea SCR system which starts to be fit with HDV and some passenger vehicles. The other is LNC system under developing for diesel passenger vehicles. Urea SCR system Urea SCR system consists of urea dosing system and catalysts shown in Fig.7 (2). Combining SCR catalyst with DOC, it has high NOx reduction rate of over 80% through wide temperature range over 200degC. Reductant LNC used to be applied to gasoline lean burn engine. Fig.8 shows basic concept of LNC (3). NOx adsorber contains alkaline metals which adsorbe NOx as nitrate during lean atmosphere. Nitrate will be reduced to nitrogen during rich atmosphere. Hence, rich spike control must be conducted periodically during lean burn driving. Applying LNC to diesel engine, low temperature reduction performance between 150 and 300degC was improved according to low diesel exhaust gas temperature. Combining LNC with DPF, DPNR (Diesel Particulate-NOx Reduction System) was developed (Fig.9 (4) ). It offers compact layout and smart after treatment system which reduces all of emissions simultaneously. When DPF needs an active regeneration, LNC will suffer heat stress which causes deterioration. LNC will be poisoned by sulfur contained in fuel and lubricant. Hence, LNC regeneration
5 (sulfur purge) with rich condition and over 600degC must be conducted periodically. Its frequency will depend on the sulfur content and drive distance. In case of 10 to 15ppm sulfur fuel, LNC regeneration will be needed within several hundred to few thousand miles. This also causes thermal deterioration of LNC and fuel penalty of several percent. Currently, sulfur and thermal deterioration are two important key subjects. There are other new concepts of LNC. One is producing ammonia during rich spike and storing ammonia to use as a reductant during lean phase shown in Fig.10 (5). The other is storing HC during lean phase and using it as a reductant during rich phase shown in Fig.11 (6). They have DOC, LNC and DPF, but layout is different. Fig.12 shows the relative merits of each system. Fig.10 New LNC Concept (Honda) (5) Fig.11 New LNC Concept (Nissan) (6)
6 Compactness DPF regeneration LNC temperature LNC deterioration PM deposit on LNC DPNR DPF-LNC LNC-DPF Fig.12 Relative Merits of Each System Layout DPNR has a merit of compactness but LNC deterioration subject seems serious because PM will burn on the face of LNC during regeneration. DPF-LNC layout has a merit against LNC deterioration but a subject of low LNC temperature. LNC-DPF layout seems to have subjects of DPF regeneration and LNC deterioration. In case PM will deposit on LNC, its affection must be investigated. Rich spike control is another subject because diesel engine will usually run with lean A/F. Putting a fuel injector on exhaust pipe is one method. But there are subjects of its cost and effectiveness as reductant because of liquid fuel. Applying rich combustion is under development. It will be conducted with intake air throttling and adjusting fuel injection, turbo compression and EGR. To prevent PM increasing during rich combustion, post injection will be added. In case combustion changes between lean and rich, air and fuel control parameters change drastically. Hence, special transient control method must be designed to prevent noise or emission increase. Determining to start and finish of rich spike, adsorbed NOx amount and reduced NOx amount by supplied reductant must be estimated (7). Further, LNC regeneration has to be conducted periodically by assuming sulfur poisoning. LNC regeneration condition will depend on the chemical bond between sulfur and LNC. For example, rich A/F and temperature condition of 550degC is enough for some LNC. The other hand, 650degC is needed for another. During DPF regeneration, much amount of sulfur will be produced from trapped sulfate. Its behavior and effect to LNC must be investigated. Cetane Number Sulfur Content Fig.13 Comparison of Diesel Fuel Specification PM (g/km) Thailand Japan Europe USA (2010?) Modification & NOx Calibration d DPF phase in 80%(2006) 100%(2010) Euro4 Euro NOx (g/km) Fig.14 Diesel Emission Strategy in Thailand CIRCUMSTANCES IN THAILAND AND CONCLUSION Emission standard of passenger vehicle will be enforced from EURO-3 to EURO-4 in Sulfur content limit of diesel fuel is currently 350ppm which will change to 50ppm after But this limit is too high comparing Japan, Europe and USA. Driving condition in capital Bangkok is well known as quite congested. Hence, exhaust gas temperature will not be enough high. Diesel passenger vehicle in Thailand is mainly heavy weight SUV. Taking account sulfur content, low exhaust temperature and heavy vehicle weight, DPF application will be better than NOx catalysts to submit EURO-4 passenger vehicle emission regulation (Fig.14). If the regulation will be enforced further, government has to consider reducing sulfur content and infrastructure of urea solution.
7 REFERENCES 1. downloadfiles/g41116b60j.pdf 2. g41026b23j.pdf 3. N. Miyoshi et al, SAE (1995) 4. g41107a04j.pdf DieselEngine/ e.html 7. T. Morita et al, SAE (2007) CONTACT Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology Automotive Engineering 1771/1 Pattanakarn Rd., Suanluang, Bangkok Thailand
8 Introduction of Current Clean Diesel Technology and Subjects for Passenger Car, Application for Thailand Norio Suzuki Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology
9 Diesel Passenger Car Share of the World Austria Belgium France Bad Image of Noisy & Smoke Spain Registered New Car
10 Diesel Emission Regulations for Passenger Cars Euro3('00) Thailand PM (g/km) Same Level as Gasoline Engine Vehicle Euro4('05) Thailand( 12) US Tire2Bin5('04) JPN09 Euro5('09) Euro6('14)
11 How to reduce diesel emissions?
12 Improving Combustion with Multiple Injections by Diesel Common Rail System 5 Injections for 1 combustion cycle Main Pilot Pre After Post Flexible control of fuel pressure and injection timing Emission Fuel efficiency Power
13 Examples of Multiple Injections
14 Subject of PCI Combustion Engine Load Pilot Injection 30% EGR Premixed Pilot Injection 60% EGR Stability and Narrow Zone Switching (Noise, Torque Shock) Conventional Combustion PCI Combustion Control parameters change drastically!
15 PM (g/km) Needs of After Treatment Systems Higher Pressure Injection Combustion Chamber Modification High EGR Ratio (Cooled) Modified Turbocharger Modified DOC After Treatment Euro4 PM-NOx Trade-off Euro NOx (g/km)
16 Key Technology of Diesel After Treatment Temperature Management System Keeping DPF and Catalyst temperature Conversion Efficiency Regeneration / Deterioration PM Reduction System (DPF) NOx Reduction Systems (SCR,LNC)
17 DPF Construction and Subject DPF Regeneration (Thermal Damage, Temperature Control Ash (Clogging)
18 Urea SCR system Dosing System SCR Catalyst DOC Infrastructure (Urea solution) Space (Layout)
19 Basic Concept of LNC Applied for Gasoline Lean Burn Engine N. Miyoshi et al, SAE (1995)
20 DPNR System (Toyota)
21 New LNC Concept (Honda)
22 New LNC Concept (Nissan)
23 Relative Merits of Each Layout and LNC Subjects Effect of of Sulfur (Poisoning) Thermal Deterioration Rich Spike (A/F Control, Fuel Penalty)
24 Circumstances in Thailand Emission Standard : Euro4 (2012) Diesel Fuel (ppm) Driving Condition : Congested in Bangkok Favorite Vehicle Category : SUV DPF Application
25 Diesel Emission Strategy in Thailand Modification & NOx Calibration Euro3 PM (g/km) d DPF Euro Emission Guarantee Mileage?
Internal Combustion Engines
Emissions & Air Pollution Lecture 3 1 Outline In this lecture we will discuss emission control strategies: Fuel modifications Engine technology Exhaust gas aftertreatment We will become particularly familiar
More informationINTERNATIONAL Diesel Engine Emissions Requirements & Technology
INTERNATIONAL 2010 Diesel Engine Emissions Requirements & Technology Independent Armored Car Operators Association, Inc. 2008 Annual Convention Monday, June 23, 2008 2007 EPA Emissions Standards 1994 500
More informationCatalytic Coatings for Diesel Particulate Filter Regeneration
Catalytic Coatings for Diesel Particulate Filter Regeneration Authors: Dr. Claus F. Görsmann, Dr Andrew P. Walker Organization: Plc Mailing address: ECT, Orchard Road, Royston, Herts., SG8 5HE, United
More informationModule 5:Emission Control for SI Engines Lecture 24:Lean de-nox Catalysts and Catalyst Poisoning. The Lecture Contains: Lean de-no x Catalysts
The Lecture Contains: Lean de-no x Catalysts NO x storage-reduction (NSR) catalyst SCR Catalysts CATALYST DEACTIVATION Catalyst Poisoning file:///c /...%20and%20Settings/iitkrana1/My%20Documents/Google%20Talk%20Received%20Files/engine_combustion/lecture24/24_1.htm[6/15/2012
More informationNEW DIESEL EMISSIONS CONTROL STRATEGY for US TIER 2
NEW DIESEL EMISSIONS CONTROL STRATEGY for US TIER 2 Jeffrey A. Leet Shizuo Sasaki, PhD. Yiqun Huang, PhD. Gary Neely Department of Engine and Emissions Research Southwest Research Institute 24 Diesel Engine
More informationTNV Series Common Rail. Final Tier 4 19kW to 56kW WATER-COOLED DIESEL ENGINES. EPA Tier 4 (19-56kW) EU Stage IIIB (37-56kW)
Final Tier 4 19kW to 56kW WATER-COOLED DIESEL ENGINES TNV Series Common Rail EPA Tier 4 (19-56kW) EU Stage IIIB (37-56kW) TNV SERIES COMMON RAIL ENGINES EPA TIER 4 (19-56kW) EU Stage IIIB (37-56kW) * DPF
More informationPERFORMANCE AND EMISSION ANALYSIS OF DIESEL ENGINE BY INJECTING DIETHYL ETHER WITH AND WITHOUT EGR USING DPF
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION ANALYSIS OF DIESEL ENGINE BY INJECTING DIETHYL ETHER WITH AND WITHOUT EGR USING DPF PROJECT REFERENCE NO. : 37S1036 COLLEGE BRANCH GUIDES : KS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE
More informationHeavy-Duty Diesel Engine Trends to Meet Future Emissions Standards (Euro VI)
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Trends to Meet Future Emissions Standards (Euro VI) Andrew Nicol AECC Technical Seminar on Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emissions (Euro VI) Brussels 25 October 2007 Contents Emissions Legislation
More informationModule7:Advanced Combustion Systems and Alternative Powerplants Lecture 32:Stratified Charge Engines
ADVANCED COMBUSTION SYSTEMS AND ALTERNATIVE POWERPLANTS The Lecture Contains: DIRECT INJECTION STRATIFIED CHARGE (DISC) ENGINES Historical Overview Potential Advantages of DISC Engines DISC Engine Combustion
More informationFurther Challenges in Automobile and Fuel Technologies For Better Air Quality. 5 th JCAP Conference. Diesel WG Report.
Further Challenges in Automobile and Fuel Technologies For Better Air Quality 5 th JCAP Conference Diesel WG Report February 22, 2007 Research Objectives Objectives To study effects of fuel properties
More informationNGP2010 Diesel Engine Briefing Sept. 18, 2007
NGP2010 Diesel Engine Briefing Sept. 18, 2007 Yo Usuba Senior Vice President Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Agenda 1. Environmental Technology Activities 2. Potential of Diesel Engines 3. Clean Diesels 4. Future
More informationExhaust After-Treatment System. This information covers design and function of the Exhaust After-Treatment System (EATS) on the Volvo D16F engine.
Volvo Trucks North America Greensboro, NC USA DService Bulletin Trucks Date Group No. Page 1.2007 258 44 1(6) Exhaust After-Treatment System Design and Function D16F Exhaust After-Treatment System W2005772
More informationLow Temperature Aftertreatment for Future Engines Challenges and Opportunities
Low Temperature Aftertreatment for Future Engines Challenges and Opportunities Is it needed? Is high possible?? Is it affordable??? Kushal Narayanaswamy Propulsion Systems Research Lab General Motors Global
More information1. CAUTIONS. 1) Standard pattern of soot accumulation Normal Soot Combustion. Abnormal Soot Accumulation
241202 143 1. CAUTIONS 1) Standard pattern of soot accumulation Abnormal Soot Accumulation Normal Soot Combustion Cautions to protect the catalyst filter Use the designated fuel only. Observe the recommended
More informationFuture Challenges in Automobile and Fuel Technologies For a Better Environment. Diesel WG Report. September 25, 2000
1 Future Challenges in Automobile and Fuel Technologies For a Better Environment Diesel WG Report September 25, 2000 JCAP Diesel WG Toshiaki Kakegawa, Akihiro Misumi 2 Objectives To research diesel engine
More informationNOx and Particulate Real Drive Emissions (RDE) Monday 21 Friday 25 May 2018 Provisional Programme
NOx and Particulate Real Drive Emissions (RDE) Monday 21 Friday 25 May 2018 Provisional Programme Monday 21 May Real-world driving for SI and diesel vehicles, fuel economy and emissions 08.00 Registration
More informationReal Drive Emissions (RDE) and NOx and Particulate Control Monday 20 Friday 24 May 2019 Programme
Real Drive Emissions (RDE) and NOx and Particulate Control Monday 20 Friday 24 May 2019 Programme Monday 20 May Real-world driving for SI and diesel vehicles, fuel economy and emissions I 08.00 Registration
More informationAECC Clean Diesel Euro 6 Real Driving Emissions Project. AECC Technical Seminar on Real-Driving Emissions Brussels, 29 April 2015
AECC Clean Diesel Euro 6 Real Driving Emissions Project AECC Technical Seminar on Real-Driving Emissions Brussels, 29 April 2015 Contents Background Test Programme Vehicle description & test regime. Baseline
More informationLubrication Needs for Next Generation Gasoline Passenger Car Engine Technology
Lubrication Needs for Next Generation Gasoline Passenger Car Engine Technology V Simpósio de Lubrificantes, Aditivos e Fluidos São Paulo, Brasil, October 24, 2012 Ravi Tallamraju Passenger Car Motor Oil
More informationModule 6:Emission Control for CI Engines Lecture 31:Diesel Particulate Filters (contd.) The Lecture Contains: Passive/Catalytic Regeneration
Module 6:Emission Control for CI Engines The Lecture Contains: Passive/Catalytic Regeneration Regeneration by Fuel Additives Continuously Regenerating Trap (CRT) Syatem Partial Diesel Particulate Filters
More information1. CAUTIONS (1) Abnormal Soot Accumulation (2) Normal Soot Combustion Standard pattern of soot accumulation
241202 143 1. CAUTIONS Standard pattern of soot accumulation (1) Abnormal Soot Accumulation (2) Normal Soot Combustion Cautions to protect the catalyst filter Use the designated fuel only. Observe the
More informationRigid Dump Truck HD465/605-8 and HD325/405-8
Introduction of Products Rigid Dump Truck HD465/605-8 and HD325/405-8 Satoshi Matsumoto Yuki Ishikawa Tomoyuki Moriyama Ryosuke Maeda While keeping in mind Environment, Safety, and ICT as the key concepts,
More informationStringent Emission Regulation in China
Issues of Fuel Specification for Future Stringent Emission Regulation in China JARI Fuel Meeting in Shanghai June. 26, 28 @JETRO Shanghai Fuels and Lubricants Committee Japan Automobile Manufactures Association
More informationDiesel Particulate Filter: Exhaust aftertreatment for the reduction of soot emissions
Engine technology Diesel Particulate Filter: Exhaust aftertreatment for the reduction of soot emissions Authors: Guido Schäffner Design Exhaust Aftertreatment Klaus Rusch Design Exhaust Aftertreatment
More informationProduct line : Marine
Product line : Marine 0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 8,0 9,0 PM g/kwh Aftertreatment system selection The problematic emissions from combustion in Diesel engines are nitrogen oxides [NO X ] and particulate
More informationDiesel Aftertreatment Systems
Diesel Aftertreatment Systems Jeff Kohli Tim Johnson 14 August 2007 11th ETH Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles Summary and Outline DPFs are becoming as much a part of the modern diesel engine
More informationStrategies for Integrated Emission Control. Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc 1
Strategies for Integrated Emission Control Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc www.cdti.com 1 Abstract The preferred industry strategies for reducing vehicle emissions require reliable, fuel-efficient, cost-effective
More informationEURO 4-5 Diesel Exhaust Pollutant. After-Threatment
EURO4-5 Common Rail EURO 4-5 Diesel Exhaust Pollutant After-Threatment 1 Exhaust gas recirculation EGR fundamentals: AFR: Air to Fuel Ratio. This parameter is used to define the ratio between fuel (petrol,
More informationCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL Diesel engines are the primary power source of vehicles used in heavy duty applications. The heavy duty engine includes buses, large trucks, and off-highway construction
More informationTechnologies of Diesel HDV in JAPAN
Exhaust Emission Reduction Technologies of Diesel HDV in JAPAN China RT 2009 Emissions & Fuel Efficiency Subcommittee Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association Toshiaki KAKEGAWA 1 CONTENTS 1. History
More information-focusing on effects of sulfur on latest aftertreatment devices-
Further Challenge in Automobile and Fuel Technologies for better air quality 4th JCAP Conference Diesel WG Report -focusing on effects of sulfur on latest aftertreatment devices- June 1, 2005 Research
More informationDTC P20EE, P249D, P249E, or P2BAD
Page 1 of 7 Document ID: 2614257 DTC P20EE, P249D, P249E, or P2BAD Diagnostic Instructions Perform the Diagnostic System Check - Vehicle prior to using this diagnostic procedure. Review Strategy Based
More informationAdvanced Solutions for Meeting EPA Tier 4 Engine Emission Regulations On H HD and Reachstackers
Advanced Solutions for Meeting EPA Tier 4 Engine Emission Regulations On H400-1150HD and Reachstackers market leading ECO-Technology To address the 2011 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emission
More informationENGINE TECHNOLOGY. Bobcat Engine_B _ _EN_reworked.indd 1
ENGINE TECHNOLOGY Bobcat Engine_B4459500_01-2015_EN_reworked.indd 1 1/30/2015 10:07:51 AM A COMPANY THAT S GROWING WITH SOCIETY Bobcat prides itself on innovations that shape the future. For decades, we
More informationThe Role of Fuel Additives
Current Gasoline and Diesel Issues The Role of Fuel Additives NAMVECC November 3, 2002 Larry Cunningham Where Are We Now? Liquid transportation fuels from fossil reserves will be around for many years
More informationGeneral Presentation
Powertrain Sensors & Actuators General Presentation Smart NOx Sensor October 2009 Product Control electronics by Sensor element by NGK Insulators, Ltd. The SMART NOx-sensor (SNS) is a common development
More informationFuel Properties and Vehicle Emissions. Emissions
Fuel Properties and Vehicle Emissions AVECC 24 at Beijing, April 26-28, 28, 24 Yasunori TAKEI Fuel & Lubricant committee Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association Automobiles and the Environment Global
More informationLNT Catalysis at Ford Motor Company A Case History
LNT Catalysis at Ford Motor Company A Case History 2017 CLEERS Workshop Christine K. Lambert, Joseph R. Theis, Giovanni Cavataio Ford Motor Co. 10/5/2017 2017 CLEERS WORKSHOP 1 Background Ford studied
More informationPRODUCT INFORMATION SHEET
Page 1 of 18 31592 WYNN S DPF Cleaner & Regenerator WYNN S Diesel Particulate Filter Cleaner & Regenerator Product Number: 31592 12 x 325ml New technologies to reduce emissions with diesel engines The
More informationPotential of the Mild HCCI Combustion for Worldwide Applications
Potential of the Mild HCCI Combustion for Worldwide Applications Future Fuels for IC Engines ERC Research Symposium Madison June 6-7, 2007 P.Gastaldi M.Besson JP.Hardy Renault Powertrain Division Overview
More informationAutomotive Fuel and Emissions Control Systems 4/E
Automotive Fuel and Emissions Control Systems 4/E Opening Your Class KEY ELEMENT Introduce Content Motivate Learners State the learning objectives for the chapter or course you are about to cover and explain
More informationEVERY ALTERNATIVE. Next Generation Natural Gas Engine 4/23/2013. Why Natural Gas Engines for Buses & Trucks?
EVERY ALTERNATIVE. Why Natural Gas Engines for Buses & Trucks? Emissions Leadership Meet 2010 EPA Emissions in Next Generation Natural Gas Engine Economic Benefits Continued reliability improvement Improved
More information2010 EMISSIONS CHOOSING THE RIGHT TECHNOLOGY
2010 EMISSIONS CHOOSING THE RIGHT TECHNOLOGY Cummins 2010 On-Highway Emissions Technology. Introduction. Cummins engines are designed to provide customers with the highest levels of performance, durability
More informationHydrogen generation from plasmatron reformers and use for diesel exhaust aftertreatment *
Hydrogen generation from plasmatron reformers and use for diesel exhaust aftertreatment * L. Bromberg **, D.R. Cohn **, J. Heywood ***, A. Rabinovich **, K. Hadidi **,N. Alexeev, A. Samokhin Massachusetts
More informationNO 2 Emissions from Exhaust Aftertreatment Technology
2 Emissions from Exhaust Aftertreatment Technology by AECC (www.aecc.be) EU Level Workshop on 2 European Commission - DG Environment Brussels, 19 September 26 Outline of the Presentation Introduction.
More informationEFFECT OF EGR AND CYCLONIC SEPARATOR ON EMISSIONS IN DI DIESEL ENGINES
Proceedings of the International Conference on Mechanical Engineering 27 (ICME27) 29-31 December 27, Dhaka, Bangladesh ICME7-TH-9 EFFECT OF EGR AND CYCLONIC SEPARATOR ON EMISSIONS IN DI DIESEL ENGINES
More informationState-of-the-art and emerging truck engine technologies
State-of-the-art and emerging truck engine technologies Prof. Michael Schittler DaimlerChrysler AG 14.03.2005 9 th Diesel Engine Emission Reduction Conference August 24-28, 2003 Newport, Rhode Island State-of-the-art
More informationDiesel Emission Control Technologies: New and In-use Engines
Diesel Emission Control Technologies: New and In-use Engines Manufacturers of Emission Controls Association (MECA) November 2006 www.meca.org www.dieselretrofit.org Diesel Emission Control Technology Is
More information2010 EMISSIONS CHOOSING THE RIGHT TECHNOLOGY
2010 EMISSIONS CHOOSING THE RIGHT TECHNOLOGY Cummins 2010 On-Highway Emissions Technology. Introduction. Cummins engines are designed to provide customers with the highest levels of performance, durability
More informationExhaust System - 2.2L Diesel
Page 1 of 9 Published: Mar 8, 2007 Exhaust System - 2.2L Diesel COMPONENT LOCATION - WITH DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER Item Part Number Description 1 Exhaust manifold (ref only) 2 Pressure differential sensor
More informationWhat to Expect from Your New Low (and Ultra-Low) Sulfur Fuels
What to Expect from Your New Low (and Ultra-Low) Sulfur Fuels Presented at the Universities National Oceanographic Laboratories System (UNOLS) Research Vessel Operator s Committee (RVOC) F. W. Girshick
More informationAPBF-DEC Heavy Duty NOx Adsorber/DPF Project: Heavy Duty Linehaul Platform Project Update
APBF-DEC Heavy Duty NOx Adsorber/DPF Project: Heavy Duty Linehaul Platform Project Update 9 th Diesel Engine Emissions Reduction Conference Newport, Rhode Island, 24-28 August 23 Prepared by Mike May Technical
More informationDevelopment status of DME vehicle in Japan
7 th Asian DME Conference (Niigata, Japan) Commercial perspectives in Japan Development status of DME vehicle in Japan November 16, 2011 Naoki SHIMAZAKI 1 1. The latest technology in our clean diesel engine
More informationNew Technology Diesel Engines: Eliminating NOx Emissions from Higher Biodiesel Blends in Un-modified Diesel Engines
New Technology Diesel Engines: Eliminating NOx Emissions from Higher Biodiesel Blends in Un-modified Diesel Engines California Biodiesel & Renewable Diesel Conference February 4, 2013 Steve Howell President,
More informationDiesel Fuel Vaporizer: a Way to Reliable DPF Regeneration
SAE-NA 23-1-5 Diesel Fuel Vaporizer: a Way to Reliable DPF Regeneration Andreas Mayr, Jürgen Klement, Marco Ranalli, Stefan Schmidt ZEUNA STAERKER GmbH & Co KG, Augsburg, Germany ABSTRACT The implementation
More informationClean Fuels - A Critical Role in Clean Air. Understanding Urban Air Pollution and the Role of Diesel Exhaust Delhi, India - November
Clean Fuels - A Critical Role in Clean Air Understanding Urban Air Pollution and the Role of Diesel Exhaust Delhi, India - November 6-11 2000 ELEMENTS OF A COMPREHENSIVE VEHICLE POLLUTION CONTROL STRATEGY
More informationEmission Control Technologies for Locomotive Diesel Engines
WRITTEN COMENTS OF THE MANUFACTURERS OF EMISSION CONTROLS ASSOCIATION ON TRANSPORT CANADA S PROPOSED RULEMAKING TO CONTROL EMISSIONS OF AIR POLLUTION FROM NEW LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES January 20, 2011 MECA is
More informationEmissions Characterization for D-EGR Vehicle
Emissions Characterization for D-EGR Vehicle Cary Henry Advance Science. Applied Technology Baseline GDI Vehicle 2012 Buick Regal GS Buick Regal GS uses state-of-the-art turbocharged, direct-injected gasoline
More informationDevelopment of Two-stage Electric Turbocharging system for Automobiles
Development of Two-stage Electric Turbocharging system for Automobiles 71 BYEONGIL AN *1 NAOMICHI SHIBATA *2 HIROSHI SUZUKI *3 MOTOKI EBISU *1 Engine downsizing using supercharging is progressing to cope
More informationRecent Developments in Diesel Engine Emission Control Technology
Recent Developments in Diesel Engine Emission Control Technology September 2005 Manufacturers of Emission Controls Association www.meca.org Diesel Emission Control Technology Is Making Significant Progress
More informationSupplierBusiness. Automotive Exhaust and Aftertreatment Systems Report 2012 Edition
SupplierBusiness Automotive Exhaust and Aftertreatment Systems Report 2012 Edition CONTENTS Introduction... 7 Key drivers... 10 Fuel economy and CO 2 emissions... 10 The United States... 10 The European
More informationTechnology Choices. New Bus Purchases Fleet Make-up Engine Models & Years Driver Education & Support Duty Cycles Fuel Use & Storage
What is Retrofit Technology? Retrofit technology can be: any change to an engine system above and beyond what is required by EPA regulations that improves the engine s emission performance: Catalyst or
More informationEngine Conversion to CRDI Technology & Its Application Strategy
Engine Conversion to CRDI Technology & Its Application Strategy S Karthik 1, K Sairahul 1, N Logesh 1, K.Guru Prasad 1, D.Gopinath 2 U.G Student, Velammal Engineering College, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
More informationA Systems Approach to Meet Tier 2 Bin 5
A Systems Approach to Meet ERC - 25 Symposium Madison, June 9, 25 Dean Tomazic FEV Engine Technology, Inc. Auburn Hills, MI, USA Overview 1. Introduction 2. Current Market Situation 3. Emission Requirements
More informationCDPF(Catalytic Disel Particulate Filter)
05-3 GENERAL 1. SPECIFICATIONS FOR ENGINE WITH CDPF 05-4 OVERVIEW AND OPERATION PROCESS 1. OVERVIEW As the solution for environmental regulations and PM Particla Material) of diesel engine, the low emission
More informationGlobal Emission Solution. Cool Particulate Regeneration (CPR )
Global Emission Solution Non-Thermal Active Particulate Filter Regeneration Technology Cool Particulate Regeneration (CPR ) Presented by: Brett Bailey, President and CEO of IVHCO 19 th ETH-Conference on
More informationCNG Equipment Meeting Industry Needs. January 17, 2013 Trevin Fountain
CNG Equipment Meeting Industry Needs January 17, 2013 Trevin Fountain Natural Gas Market Primary Drivers Economics Natural Gas costs 30-50% less than diesel Energy Policy Abundant domestic supply of natural
More informationEuro VI Programme and Emissions Results on European Cycles
Overview of the AECC Heavy-duty Euro VI Programme and Emissions Results on European Cycles Dr. R. J. Brisley AECC Technical Steering Committee AECC Technical Seminar on Heavy-duty Engine Emissions Brussels,
More informationbuilt for the next generation Cat
built for the next generation Cat Tier 4 Interim / Stage IiIB Technologies 1 advancing technology building customer value The Next Phase in Emissions Reduction Cat Tier 4 Interim/Stage IIIB engines meet
More information2010 MidRange Engines
2010 MidRange Engines Global On-Highway Standards 5.0 4.5 NOx g/hp-hr 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 EURO IV EURO V US98 US04 1.5 1.0 0.5 US07 EURO VI 0.0 US10 0.0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
More informationHow does Exhaust Gas Recirculation work?
How does Exhaust Gas Recirculation work? Words: Dr. Johannes Kech Pictures: MTU Tags/Keywords Nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions can be reduced using internal engine technology by cooling some of the exhaust
More informationReal Driving Emissions
Real Driving Emissions John May, AECC UnICEG meeting 8 April 2015 Association for Emissions Control by Catalyst (AECC) AISBL AECC members: European Emissions Control companies Exhaust emissions control
More informationImproved Vehicular Technologies for Compliance of Stringent Emission Norms
Improved Vehicular Technologies for Compliance of Stringent Emission Norms Cars SUV Bus Prashant K. Banerjee Head (Homologation & Product Evaluation), ERC Tata Motors Ltd., Pune Workshop on Cleaner liquid
More informationProviding clean DPF technology for Iran. Soot-free Teheran
Providing clean DPF technology for Iran 1 Soot-free Teheran Jorge Soria Galvarro, M.Sc Senior Technical Adviser Vehicle Regulations, R&D SCANIA since 1891 2 3 Premium products 4 Modular system The world
More informationEmission Control Technology for Stationary Diesel Engines
Emission Control Technology for Stationary Diesel Engines Rasto Brezny September 13, 2013 Manufacturers of Emission Controls Association www.meca.org www.dieselretrofit.org Outline Compliance Challenges
More informationAfter Treatment System to meet BS-6 Emission Norms for Two Wheelers
After Treatment System to meet BS-6 Emission Norms for Two Wheelers Dinesh K Gogia Air Purification-Automotive Page 1 BS-6 Norms for 2W Vehicle Class CO mg/k m THC mg/ km NOx mg/ km NMHC mg/ km All Classes
More informationRita Aiello/5 December 2016/Johnson Matthey, Stationary Emissions Control
Rita Aiello/5 December 2016/Johnson Matthey, Stationary Emissions Control SCR systems have demonstrated very high reductions of NOx emissions from lean-burn engines used in oil and gas industry: Drill
More informationThe Path To EPA Tier 4i - Preparing for. the 2011 transition
The Path To EPA Tier 4i - Preparing for Presented by: Todd Howe Global Product Marketing Manager Doosan Infracore Portable Power Office: 704-883-3611 todd.howe@doosan.com the 2011 transition About the
More informationOverview of HD Diesel Emission Control. Tim Johnson May 22, 2008
Overview of HD Diesel Emission Control Tim Johnson May 22, 2008 Regulatory and engine technology framework 0.14 PM, g/kw-hr; ESC test 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 US2010+ US2010 DPF+NOx Japan 2009 DPF+NOx
More informationThe Effect of Clean and Cold EGR on the Improvement of Low Temperature Combustion Performance in a Single Cylinder Research Diesel Engine
The Effect of Clean and Cold EGR on the Improvement of Low Temperature Combustion Performance in a Single Cylinder Research Diesel Engine C. Beatrice, P. Capaldi, N. Del Giacomo, C. Guido and M. Lazzaro
More informationEffect of Biodiesel on PM Emission Characteristics of Modern Diesel Engine
10 th ETH-Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles at ETH Zentrum, Zurich, Switzerland August 21-23, 2006 Effect of Biodiesel on PM Emission Characteristics of Modern Diesel Engine Daisuke Kawano
More informationDevelopment of Variable Geometry Turbocharger Contributes to Improvement of Gasoline Engine Fuel Economy
Development of Variable Geometry Turbocharger Contributes to Improvement of Gasoline Engine Fuel Economy 30 MOTOKI EBISU *1 YOSUKE DANMOTO *1 YOJI AKIYAMA *2 HIROYUKI ARIMIZU *3 KEIGO SAKAMOTO *4 Every
More informationHydrocarbon fouling of Cu- and Fe-zeolite SCR catalysts in conventional and advanced diesel combustion modes
Hydrocarbon fouling of Cu- and Fe-zeolite SCR catalysts in conventional and advanced diesel combustion modes Vitaly Y. Prikhodko, Josh A. Pihl, Samuel A. Lewis and James E. Parks Oak Ridge National Laboratory
More informationEmission Control Technology for Stationary Internal Combustion Engines
Emission Control Technology for Stationary Internal Combustion Engines Prof. B. S. PATEL 1, Mr R S BAROT 2, JIGNESH TALA 3, MAULIK VAGHASIYA 4 1 Asso. Prof., 2 Asst. prof, 3,4 Student B. V. M. Engineering
More informationModule 2:Genesis and Mechanism of Formation of Engine Emissions Lecture 3: Introduction to Pollutant Formation POLLUTANT FORMATION
Module 2:Genesis and Mechanism of Formation of Engine Emissions POLLUTANT FORMATION The Lecture Contains: Engine Emissions Typical Exhaust Emission Concentrations Emission Formation in SI Engines Emission
More informationCombustion, Aftertreatment and Control Key Elements for Emission Reduction of US HSDI Diesel Engines
Combustion, Aftertreatment and Control Key Elements for Emission Reduction of US HSDI Diesel Engines ERC - 2005 Symposium, Madison Ulrich Pfahl AVL Powertrain Engineering Plymouth, MI, USA ERC - 2005 SYMPOSIUM
More informationCleaner liquid fuels and improved vehicular technologies
Cleaner liquid fuels and improved vehicular technologies Dr. Arun Jaura VP Technology & Head of EIEC 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. 1 1 Cleaner Liquid Fuels The growing demand for clean fuels
More informationNew Direct Fuel Injection Engine Control Systems for Meeting Future Fuel Economy Requirements and Emission Standards
Hitachi Review Vol. 53 (2004), No. 4 193 New Direct Fuel Injection Engine Control Systems for Meeting Future Fuel Economy Requirements and Emission Standards Minoru Osuga Yoshiyuki Tanabe Shinya Igarashi
More informationUse of a Diesel Fuel Processor for Rapid and Efficient Regeneration of Single Leg NOx Adsorber Systems
2003 Diesel Engine Emissions Reduction Conference Newport, Rhode Island 24-28 August 2003 Use of a Diesel Fuel Processor for Rapid and Efficient Regeneration of Single Leg NOx Adsorber Systems R. Dalla
More informationm b e E M I S S I O N S E N G I N E
m b e 4 0 0 0 2 0 0 7 E M I S S I O N S E N G I N E We re DRIVING TECHNOLOGY. Detroit Diesel and Mercedes-Benz have over 150 combined years of experience designing, testing and manufacturing diesel engines.
More informationIntroduction of Bulldozers D155AX-8/AXi-8
Introduction of Products Introduction of Bulldozers D155AX-8/AXi-8 Hiroshi Nakagami Taira Ozaki Kazuki Kure The new bulldozers, D155AX-8/AXi-8, inheritor of the excellent fuel consumption efficiency of
More information2007 Emissions: Fundamentals
A N AV I S TA R C O M PA N Y 2007 Emissions: Fundamentals Study Guide TMT-100718 Study Guide 2007 Emissions: Fundamentals TMT-100718 2007 International Truck and Engine Corporation 4201 Winfield Road,
More informationEffShip. Love Hagström D.E.C. Marine AB
WP3 Exhaust Gas Cleaning Love Hagström D.E.C. Marine AB WP3 Layout NOx Primary reduction methods After treatment SCR SOx PM Wet Scrubber Dry Scrubber Particulate filter DPF Primary NOx reduction methods
More information2011 Tier 4 Interim/Stage IIIB Emissions Standards. Technical Paper
2011 Tier 4 Interim/Stage IIIB Emissions Standards Technical Paper 0 Abstract To address the 2011 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emission standards for off-highway diesel engines, Hyster Company
More informationProduct line : Marine
Product line : Marine Aftertreatment system selection The problematic emissions from combustion in Diesel engines are nitrogen oxides [NO X ] and particulate or soot [PM].To reduce these emissions two
More informationHighway Engine Regulations in the U.S.
Development of Heavy-Duty On- Highway Engine Regulations in the U.S. The 4 th SINO-US Workshop on Motor Vehicle Pollution Prevention and Control U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Transportation
More informationOxidation Technologies for Stationary Rich and Lean Burn Engines
Oxidation Technologies for Stationary Rich and Lean Burn Engines Advances in Emission Control and Monitoring Technology for Industrial Sources Exton, PA July 9-10, 2008 1 Oxidation Catalyst Technology
More informationEffect of Biodiesel Fuel on Emissions from Diesel Engine Complied with the Latest Emission Requirements in Japan Ref: JSAE Paper No.
Biodiesel Technical Workshop Effect of Biodiesel Fuel on Emissions from Diesel Engine Complied with the Latest Emission Requirements in Japan Ref: JSAE Paper No.20135622 November 5-6, 2013 @ Kansas City,
More informationIveco and FPT Industrial Announce Unique SCR Technology to meet Euro VI Emission Standard
Iveco and FPT Industrial Announce Unique SCR Technology to meet Euro VI Emission Standard (Watford, 24 May 2011): Iveco and FPT Industrial announce their readiness to meet the new Euro VI regulation by
More informationINVESTIGATIONS OF EFFECTS OF PILOT INJECTION WITH CHANGE IN LEVEL OF COMPRESSION RATIO IN A COMMON RAIL DIESEL ENGINE
THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2012, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 71-80 71 INVESTIGATIONS OF EFFECTS OF PILOT INJECTION WITH CHANGE IN LEVEL OF COMPRESSION RATIO IN A COMMON RAIL DIESEL ENGINE by Nilesh GAJARLAWAR a, Ajaykumar
More information