Sustainable Mobility and Future Energy Systems Micro smart grid design at Fraunhofer

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1 Sustainable Mobility and Future Energy Systems Micro smart grid design at Fraunhofer Dr. Antonino Ardilio New York March 19t h Bild: Veranstaltung Datum Seite 1

2 Fraunhofer-Society in a nutshell Fraunhofer IAO, Stuttgart Göteborg, Sweden Jönköping, Sweden East Lansing, Ml San José, CA Washington, DC Plymouth, Ml Boston, MA Newark, DE Maryland, MD Brüssel, Belgium Lissabon, Portugal Žilina, Slovakia Budapest, Hungary Timisoara, Rumania Wien, Austria Graz, Austria Bozen, Italy Munich, Headquarter Peking, China Seoul, Korea Tokio, Japan Itzehoe Rostock Dubai, UAE Bremen Berlin Hannover Potsdam Braunschweig Teltow Nuthetal Paderborn Magdeburg Oberhausen Dortmund Cottbus Halle Leipzig Duisburg Schmallenberg Schkopau Dresden Erfurt Sankt Augustin Aachen Ilmenau Jena Euskirchen Chemnitz Darmstadt Würzburg Wertheim Kaiserslautern Erlangen St. Ingbert Fürth Saarbrücken Nürnberg Pfinztal Karlsruhe Stuttgart Freising München Freiburg = Forschung Oberpfaffenhofen Efringen-Kirchen Holzkirchen = Repräsentanz Fraunhofer IEC, Bolzano Non profit Organization in the area of applied science Singapur Jakarta, Indonesia Head of Fraunhofer institute is faculty professor at an associated university 68 institutes and research centers (+14 worldwide) employees. 2,0 billion annual research budget. ~ 40 % industry share Veranstaltung Datum Seite 2

3 The value chain of knowledge Universities perform excellent scientific basic research RTO bridge the gap with technological R&D Innovative companies create new products Society satisfies their needs Fraunhofer Society Max Planck Universities Large enterprises SME Seite 3 Veranstaltung Datum Seite 3

4 Fraunhofer Business model Fraunhofer research Transfer money into knowledge 20 % basic funding 45 % public funding Transfer knowledge into money 35 % industry projects Fraunhofer Innovation Veranstaltung Datum Seite 4

5 Fraunhofer Institute Center Stuttgart Staff of 1925 (including student assistants) area of 91,000 square meters Operational budget million Veranstaltung Datum Seite 5

6 Mobility and Innovation Systems at Fraunhofer IAO Research areas in our business unit networks and cooperation open innovation technology scouting/-monitoring mobility concepts fleet management diversity management bioeconomy prototyping data mining value-chain-system user behaviour & social effects intelligent & holistic innovation systems smart energy & e-mobility grids prediction & load management IP-strategy und -management innovation culture and organisation business models Veranstaltung Datum Seite 7

7 Agenda The mobility world in which we life From single socket to Fraunhofer IAO Micro Smart Grid Planning Tools Project examples Veranstaltung Datum Seite 8

8 Autonomus Connected Electric Services 4 (+1) transformative Trends in automotive industry today AB 2020 AB 202x ASSITED DRIVE AUTOMATED DRIVE AUTONOMOUS DRIVE Gradual automation Car2X networks OtA Updates Vehicle-to- Vehicle Vehicle-to- Infrastructure Infotainment Driver * vehicle Source : VDA Navigation Internetaccess breakdown service Vehicle monitoring ACES conventional Plug-in-hybrid electrified Battery-elektrical H H hybrid Fuel cell Variants of electrification Mobility services Veranstaltung Datum Seite 9

9 Electro mobilty Farewell to fossil fuels requires more than just batteries in vehicles Veranstaltung Datum Seite 10

10 The Future of mobility Tesla opens the mass electrical market to new models and new OEMs Existing OEMs New player Veranstaltung Datum Seite 11

11 Interconnectivity Maximum transparency and information created based on large amounts of data lead to added value for all road users Veranstaltung Datum Seite 12

12 Networked cars increasingly generate large amounts of data Possible opportunities are intelligent traffic management or the reduction of emissions Traffic lights Construction site traffic flow Maps DATA Weather information Vehicle sensors Air quality. Realtime traffic information Reference: SIemens Veranstaltung Datum Seite 13

13 Services The future enables shared use of many mobility offerings on demand Veranstaltung Datum Seite 14

14 Shared Mobility Services A wide range of tailored models for every customer need Carsharing The vehicle is rented for a certain period of time and returned to any or specified location. Car pooling Booking a ride with another driver to any or specified destination. stationary freefloating Targeting Passengers Targeting Driver Veranstaltung Datum Seite 15

15 Autonomous driving Automation will not only change the vehicle itself, but our entire mobility system Veranstaltung Datum Seite 16

16 The driver moves more and more into the background Starting with level 3, other activities than the pure driving task will be possible today The driver has the option of controlling the vehicle himself uern Automation driver Longitudinal and lateral guidance driver Spurhalteassistent Totwinkelüberwachung no Function Longitudinal and lateral guidance Jeweils andere Funktion Steady monitoring Key parking Longitudinal and lateral guidance (specific application) No steady m monitoiring Autobahn pilot Longitudinal and lateral guidance recognizes system boundaries No driver necessary (in specific application) City pilot Longitudinal and lateral guidance, no System boudaries (spezific application) Roboter-Taxi vehicle No driver neccessary Quelle: Volvo Cars Quelle: Daimler Source: VDA Level 0 Driver only Level 1 Assistiert Level 2 Teilautomatisiert Level 3 Hochautomatisiert Level 4 Vollautomatisiert Level 5 Fahrerlos The driver has no possibility to steer the vehicle himself Veranstaltung Datum Seite 17

17 New dimensions of mobility "The future of mobility becomes 3-dimensional" Veranstaltung Datum Seite 18

18 The future of mobility becomes 3-dimensional Reasons for 3-dimensional mobiltiy h German traffic jam in ,7 Mrd. humans on earth in % of humans will life in cities in 2050 Quelle: Veranstaltung Datum Seite 19

19 Electric vehicle stock 2011/12 25 electric cars of different classes More than 40 vehicles Veranstaltung Datum Seite 20

20 Building Transformations From parking slot to power spot Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart Folie 21 Dr. Ardilio March 8 th 2017 Seite 21 Name Datum Seite 21 Veranstaltung Datum Seite 21

21 Initial situation 2010/11 Government goal in Germany: 1 million electric cars until 2020 First electric cars of Lithium-generation available Charging infrastructure almost non-existent No standardized connectors and charging protocols Veranstaltung Datum Seite 22

22 Initial situation 2010/11 Start of the»modellregionen Elektromobilität«Initiation of demonstration projects with vehicle use Ludwigsburg elektrisiert Flugfeld Böblingen Sindelfingen Elektromobilisiert.de Veranstaltung Datum Seite 23

23 Micro Smart Grid 2011 Bildquelle (Mitte): Langmatz Veranstaltung Datum Seite 24

24 Building Transformations Initial situation 2 Parking slot Fraunhofer Constructed in 1983 Stores: 4 (incl. ground floor) Parking capacity: 300 cars Fleet (combustion): up to 35 cars Use given infrastructure & buidlings to create additional benefits Veranstaltung Datum Seite 25

25 Charging infrastructure at Fraunhofer car park in 2011 Design: One station per car Consideration of all plug systems Peak power 322 kw In 2011: One of the largest charging infrastructures in Europe Veranstaltung Datum Seite 26

26 Charging infrastructure at Fraunhofer car park What is the actual charging power? Design to 322 kw peak power (restricted by wires and fuses) Exploration of the actual retrieved charging capacity connected load charging power Results : Maximum charging power is often far below the connection power Control system or peak load limitation necessary But: charge power depends on mobility scenario and type of vehicle Veranstaltung Datum Seite 27

27 Project»Elektromobilisiert.de«Vehicle fleet analysis and development of electrification scenarios Connect available Data bases Software-based analysis shows the full potential of vehicle fleets Short journeys are assigned to e-cars long journeys to conventional cars Consideration of charge times (yellow) e-car Journeys mon tue wed thu fri sat conventional-car Journeys Results: mon tue wed thu fri sat Large potential for electrification in fleets with collective use Economical scenarios possible Charge and disposition management is required for implementation Veranstaltung Datum Seite 28

28 Project»Elektromobilisiert.de«Charging power in the electrification scenarios Gleichzeitig ladende Fahrzeuge (von max. 10) Potential for load shifting 0:00 0:30 1:00 1:30 2:00 2:30 3:00 3:30 4:00 4:30 5:00 5:30 6:00 6:30 7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 12:30 13:00 13:30 14:00 14:30 15:00 15:30 16:00 16:30 17:00 17:30 18:00 18:30 19:00 19:30 20:00 20:30 21:00 21:30 22:00 22:30 23:00 23:30 Min bis Max Mittelwert Ladezeiten an den Einzeltagen (Sommermonat, Werktags, A-Klasse E-Cell) Example business fleet: Regional Council Stuttgart Simulation of charging times and peak load (10 A-Class Mercedes E-Cell vehicles) In the example, a maximum of 8 electric vehicles are loaded simultaneously The total peak load, with a charging power of 6.6 kw per vehicle, adds up to 52.8 kw with a connection power of 66 kw Veranstaltung Datum Seite 29

29 Project InFlott EcoGuru: Disposition and load management system Telematic-infrastructure in the cars Networked charging stations with OCPP-standard Automated key issue and return Status data from the vehicles and centrally controllable charging stations are necessary for disposition and load management Modernization of the AC charging infrastructure in 2014 Standardization of the communication protocols for the control of charging stations continues Competitive requirements of users and energy infrastructure must be taken into account Veranstaltung Datum Seite 30

30 Installation of further 150 kw DC fast charging station Extension of charging infrastructure of 193 kw up to over 500 kw fig. 2: 3 EVs charging simultanously fig.1: fast charging station- 150kW DC and 43kW AC fig. 3: CCS and CHAdeMO Veranstaltung Datum Seite 31

31 Technical requirements High charging power and large wire size are necessary Veranstaltung Datum Seite 32

32 Data analysis of fast charging processes Overview of charging processes of several vehicles Reference: BMW USA Reference: Mitsubishi Motors Reference: Greenhoushybridelectric BMW i3 Mitsubishi imiev Nissan Leaf Significantly lower charging powers can be expected in winter A progression of EV technology can be seen, as the i3 is able to almost continuously charge with higher power Veranstaltung Datum Seite 33

33 Grid effects at Fraunhofer carpark The grid effects of the charging events over the day A maximum load over 100 kw due to a douple charge was recorded For the observed charging pole, a power of 50kW would suffice over 95% of the daytime. Veranstaltung Datum Seite 34

34 Fraunhofer IAO Micro Smart Grid What components were integrated? public grid PV east-west PV south circuit breaker auxiliary users 120 kw 600V DC-link 60kW 10 kwp 30kW 20 kwp 322 kw 200 kw 100 kwh kwh 30 charging stations (AC) 2 fast charging stations (DC) Li-battery LOHCstorage Veranstaltung Datum Seite 35

35 Example for load manegement with a battery storage e-mobility load at Fraunhofer IAO kW Lithium-Ion Storage Grid Operation strategies at Fraunhofer Micro Smart Grids: (1) Peak load limitation (2) Renewable energies (3) Valley Filling & Peak Shaving (4) Self consumption (5) Self sufficiency Veranstaltung Datum Seite 36

36 Building Transformations Initial situation 2 Parking slot Fraunhofer Constructed in 1983 Stores: 4 (incl. ground floor) Parking capacity: 300 cars Fleet (combustion): up to 35 cars Veranstaltung Datum Seite 37

37 Building Transformations Initial situation generate store consume LOHC-hydrogen storage Stores H 2 in carrier oil KWh (2 person houshold, 8 month) ecars 30 electric cars with realtime monitoring DC-rapid-charging station 2 charging stations, 50 KW and 150 KW (the first one in Europe, corresponts to 44 domestic sockets ) Lithium-Ion batteries 100 KWh capacity (2 person houshold, 11 days) Wind power system (in preparation) Photo voltaics system 190 m² effective area AC-charging stations 30 charging units, 22KW power corresponts to 6 domestic sockets) Power electronics For optimized control of the energy system, Follow pre-programmed operation strategies and suppies Energy managment for 30 ecars Energy management fully integrated, multidisciplined control system Local coordination ot energy generation and -supply Fleet park manager management of booking, cancel and change drives Management an planning of maintainance & cleanups Fraunhofer IAO, IAT Universität Stuttgart Folie 38 Dr. Ardilio March 8 th 2017 Seite 38 Veranstaltung Datum Seite 38

38 Micro Smart Grid of Fraunhofer IAO Implementation of Renewable Energy Supply and Intelligent Load Management System 30 Charging Poles (implemented: 20 x 3,6 kw / 10 x 22 kw) Lithium Batteries (implemented, 100 kwh) 45 E-Vehicles (already implemented) LOHC Hydrogen Storage (implemented, 2 MWh) DC-Fast Charging Station (implemented, 1 x 150kW / 1 x 50kW) Power Electronics Drivers with DC-Link (implemented) Small Wind Turbine (prepared) PV-Plant (implemented, 30 kwp) Veranstaltung Datum Seite 39

39 Planning of energy systems Local Grid Planer for Layout Design and Assessment of Microgrid Components Data Analyzing and Preprocessing Conception and Sensitivity Analysis Assessment and Recommendations Utilization Factor: 75% Veranstaltung Datum Seite 40

40 There are no old roads to new directions Bild: Fraunhofer Veranstaltung Datum Seite 41