COLLECTION AND COMPILATION OF 10 SUTI INDEX IN HO CHI MINH CITY

Transcription

1 COLLECTION AND COMPILATION OF 10 SUTI INDEX IN HO CHI MINH CITY By MBA. Phạm Minh Hai Transport Development & Strategy Institute - TDSI Ministry of Transport of Viet Nam Dhaka, Banglades, September 2018

2 Existing Conditions of the Urban Transport in Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City Land area 2,095.6 sq.km. Population : 8.61 mil. Average polulation density: 4,029 people/sq.km. 2

3 Existing Conditions of the Urban Transport in Ho Chi Minh City HO CHI MINH CITY IS A SUPER CITY Growth rate in period : 3,16%/year Number of people live regularly in the city: about 13 million people. Put great pressure on infrastructure in general, particularly transport infrastructure 3

4 Existing Conditions of the Urban Transport in Ho Chi Minh City Number of vehicles: ROAD TRANSPORT VEHICLES Type of vehicles Motorbikes Cars Buses Statistic 7.44 mil. 285 thous. 2,603 pcs Source: DOT, HCMC Police, Vietnam Register Authority, 2018 Growth rate( ): Motorbikes Cars 6.77%/year 11.77%/year Some indicators: Indicators Statistic Actual Motorbikes 906 motorbikes 623 motorbikes /1000 people Cars/1000 people 33 cars 27 cars Explosive personal motorized vehicles!

5 Existing Conditions of the Urban Transport in Ho Chi Minh City Whole City Roads length: 4,202.65km Road surface area: km2 ROAD TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE Land area for transport: 80.41km2 (8.8% of urban construction land) Transport infrastructure has been overloaded! Transport infrastructure is slow to develop! Occupy road of vehicle when participating traffic (*) Growth in period Diện Road tích mặt surface đường area (km2) Diện Occupation tích chiếm area dụng of của vehicle PTGT (km2) (km2) ,9% Length 1,47% Road surface area 4,8% % % Land for transport Motorbikes 6% 6,77% Cars 11,77% % 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% (*) Calculated by 60% of traffic flow at the same time

6 Existing Conditions of the Urban Transport in Ho Chi Minh City Network 144 public bus routes subsidized routes; - 39 non-subsidized routes. PUBLIC PASSENGER TRANSPORT STATUS The bus network is old, based on the existing route network, forms the axial and branch lines distributed under fan shape form with the wings are centripetal and radial axes coming from 02 main centres of Ben Thanh and Cho Lon. Of the 105 subsidized bus routes: 42 centripetal routes (40%), 21 radial routes (20%) and 42 direct connections to districts (40%). High density is found at Ben Thanh and Cho Lon due to the lack of transit points. Pick-up students in 123 schools/universities in 14 districts 01 waterbus (Bach Dang - Linh Dong): 10,8km (opened in November 25, 2017). 6

7 Bus Map Network 7

8 Existing Conditions of the Urban Transport in Ho Chi Minh City PUBLIC PASSENGER TRANSPORT STATUS Volume of Public passenger transport Total volume of public transport in 2017 was million pax (including bus and taxi), satisfied 9.38% of travel demand; Transport volume by bus was million times, account for 4.72% of travel demand VTHKCC Buýt phổ thông có trợ giá Transport quantity by bus dropped in years ( ) and has signs of recovery in

9 Existing Conditions of the Urban Transport in Ho Chi Minh City PUBLIC PASSENGER TRANSPORT STATUS Public transport (consists of bus and waterbus) meets about 5% travel demand of the whole city (about 8% of urban traffic demand). Volume is continuously declined (7,02%/year in period ). Route distribution network is not proper, lack the links to new development towns No stops in large alley The quality of vehicles and infrastructure has been invested, but no priority in traffic (private lanes, etc.) so not attract people.. Infrastructure is nor enough and weak, unsuitable transit points Big public transport projects such as metro, BRT are slow due to lack of money. Public transport has difficulties on conditions and environment for developmet

10 Existing Conditions of the Urban Transport in Ho Chi Minh City TRAFFIC CONGESTION SITUATION Number of traffic accidents 2017: 36 accidents 2016: 37 accidents 2015: 25 accidents Traffic congestion areas Center. Airport. Airport area Cat Lai port. City s gates Traffic congestion level In rush hours. In any time of the day (usually in the center). Center Cat Lai port area Traffic congestion has been more and more complicated

11 Existing Conditions of the Urban Transport in Ho Chi Minh City URBAN TRANSPORT PLANNING The City s goals to the development of public transport: taking 20-25% and 35-45% of traffic demands by the year of 2020 and 2030, respectively The Ring Roads 1, 2, 3 with total length of 351 km; 5 elevated lines with total length of 70.7km; 11 urban railway lines (8 metro lines 172,6km, 3 tramway or monorails 56,5km), and 06 BRT 95,2km. 5 expressway starting from HCMC with total of 313km long.

12 Existing Conditions of the Urban Transport in Ho Chi Minh City SOME IMAGES ON CITY S TRANSPORT STATUS Hoa Hung Station (National Railway) Tan Son Nhat International Airport

13 Existing Conditions of the Urban Transport in Ho Chi Minh City SOME IMAGES ON CITY S TRANSPORT STATUS Binh Loi Bridge, Binh Thanh district Phu My Bridge, District 7

14 Pilot application of the SUTI in Ho Chi Minh Supporting ESCAP to plan a field visit, advisory and consultation meeting in Ho Chi Minh Site visit to urban transport system Ben Thanh station and bus MRT Line No. 1 (under construction) Water bus

15 Provide collected and compiled data for 10 indicators 1. Extent to which transport plans cover public transport, intermodal facilities and infrastructure for active modes 2. Modal share of active and public transport in commuting 3. Convenient access to public transport service 4. Public transport quality and reliability 5. Traffic fatalities per inhabitants 6. Affordability travel costs as part of income 7. Operational costs of the public transport system 8. Investment in public transportation systems 9. Air quality (pm2.5 concentration) 10. Greenhouse gas emissions 15

16 Aspects Explanation Score - Ho Chi Minh city has no clear vision and goals in the development of walking facilities I) walking - The City includes spatial planning for pedestrians by making plans on organization of walking networks streets and improvement of walking facilities 1 - The City has no specific funding plan II) cycling networks III) intermodal transfer facilities IV) public transport Indicator 1. Extent to which transport plans cover public transport, intermodal facilities and infrastructure for active modes - Ho Chi Minh city has no clear vision and goals in the development of cycling facilities and public cycling system. - The City has also built the pilot plan on providing free public bicycle station in the downtown area but no plan for the implementation in the City-wide scale yet. - The City has no specific funding plan -- The City plan mentions on the development of parking and station facilities and logistics centers with specific development phases. - The City has no clear financial resource in the funding plan - The City s goals to the development of public transport: taking 20-25% and 35-45% of traffic demands by the year of 2020 and 2030, respectively. - Towards such goals, it is planned to develop 11 urban railway lines, and 06 BRT by the year of 2030 with specific routing. - The City already set forth funding plans for the public transport development to submit to the Prime Minister for approval. Total (sum) 7 Aspects Score YEAR COMMENTS Score is based on Prime Minister s Decision No. 568/QD-TTg: Approval for Sum score value to enter in data sheet for transportation development planning of Ho Indicator 1 Chi Minh city by 2020 with a vision after

17 Indicator 2. Modal share of active and public transport in commuting Data on the modal share of transport is collected from Department of Transport s reports & the JICA s survey on railway in Vietnam towns in PURPOSE TRIPS per year (million) MODE # subtotals a. Scheduled bus and minibus b. Train, metro, tram 0 c. Ferry 0 d. Other public (water bus) 0.36 e. Public transport (a+b+c+d) f. Walking 1,390.4 g. Bicycle h. Active transport (f+g) 1, i. Individual motorized vehicles (Taxi, passenger car, motorcycle and others i.e. trucks, etc.) 4, , j. Total (e+h+i) 6, k. Public and active (e+h) 1, l. Modal share of active and public transport (%) Indicator VALUE YEAR COMMENTS Modal share of active and public transport trips in commuting (%) Data is based on an update of travel surveys, HCM DOT reports,

18 Indicator 3. Convenient access to public transport service 1. Some collected parameters Total number of bus routes : 144 (including 105 subsidized bus routes and 30 non-subsidized bus routes) Total network length: over 3,500km Number of bus stops and shelters: 4,405 Compilation method: 1. Caculate the coverage area within 500 meter radius around each stop/station by each district/suburb district (in sq. kilometer); 2. Multiple the result with the district population density to make the number of population accessing to public transport service within 500 meter radius. The sum of results of each district presents the number of City population within 500 meter radius around public transport stops/stations. 3. Divide the obtained Result in Step 2 to the number of City population to get the Indicator 3 result Number of bus stops/shelters Coverage area within 500m radius (sq.km) Pop. Density (inhabitant/km2) Inhabitants 2,063 1, ,029 6,524,784 Total Population 8,611,110 % within 500m buffers 75,8% 18

19 Indicator 4. Public transport quality and reliability Dissatisfied Neither Satisfied Very Partly Nor Partly Very AV Dimension RESP SCORE SATISF Driver s attitude Bus conductor s attitude On-bus facilities (air conditioner, seats, ) Bus route Running time (open/close of line) Ticket price Safety, security Hygiene on bus Hygiene at bus station Operation information of bus Station distance Feedback of questions General evaluation Responses Indicator VALUE YEAR COMMENTS Public transport quality and reliability Based on the Research Survey of people satisfaction indicator on public services in

20 Indicator 5. Traffic fatalities per inhabitants Fatalities # Road transport 714 Railway transport 0 Tram 0 Ferryboats 0 Other 3 Total 717 Inhabitants Fatalities/100,000 inh 8 Indicator VALUE YEAR COMMENTS Traffic fatalities per inhabitants Based on DOT reports,

21 Indicator 6. Affordability travel costs as part of income No. Services Market shares (%) Monthly cost(vnd) Weighted monthly cost (VND) 1 Sai Gon Star Co.Ltd 2.1% 242,000 5,178 2 City Transport Co.Ltd 5.0% 242,000 12,201 3 Sai Gon Bus JSC 15.3% 242,000 37,034 4 Cooperative No % 242,000 8,328 5 Cooperative No. 19/5 24.1% 242,000 58,275 6 Cooperative No % 242,000 8,746 7 Cooperative No % 242,000 12,259 8 Dong Nam Cooperative 6.0% 242,000 14,624 9 Quyet Thang Cooperative 9.8% 242,000 23, Quyet Tien Cooperative 3.3% 242,000 7, Thanh Son Cooperative 1.0% 242,000 2, Viet Thang Cooperative 9.9% 242,000 24, City Transport Cooperative Union 11.3% 242,000 27,246 Total 100% 242,000 Average Income 2017 (VND) 5,481,000 Affordability travel costs as part of income (%) 4,42 21

22 Indicator 7. Operational costs of the public transport system No. Services Market shares (%) Revenues Transport Operating Expenses Indicator VALUE YEAR COMMENTS Fare box ratio 1 Sai Gon Star Co.Ltd 2.1% 23,381,690,970 55,862,815, % 2 City Transport Co.Ltd 5.0% 55,343,023, ,656,081, % 3 Sai Gon Bus JSC 15.3% 168,411,089, ,526,422, % 4 Cooperative No % 32,746,551,852 64,258,097, % 5 Cooperative No. 19/5 24.1% 269,710,318, ,199,545, % 6 Cooperative No % 45,306,186, ,054,014, % 7 Cooperative No % 58,283,280, ,483,143, % 8 Dong Nam Cooperative 6.0% 66,579,976, ,291,001, % 9 Quyet Thang Cooperative 9.8% 87,726,489, ,095,005, % 10 Quyet Tien Cooperative 3.3% 41,710,043,227 80,238,050, % 11 Thanh Son Cooperative 1.0% 11,019,399,383 32,055,140, % 12 Viet Thang Cooperative 9.9% 116,906,608, ,764,395, % 13 City Transport Cooperative Union 11.3% 116,964,136, ,977,640, % Total 100% 1,094,088,794,717 2,383,461,353,472 46% Operational costs of the public transport system The data is from the 13 companies offering public bus services in the city 22

23 Indicator 8. Investment in public transportation systems Investment in Units Average Public Transport 1000 Facilities VND 1,238,985 1,252,080 1,012,000 1,163,002 1,044,030 1,142, The whole 1000 Transport VND 14,989,277 6,650,341 6,094,651 6,452,818 8,706,486 8,578, Share % 13.3 Indicator VALUE YEAR COMMENTS Investment in public transportation systems Based on average transport investments by the city for the five years

24 Indicator 9. Air quality (PM10 or PM2.5) Basis for proposing min-max values for PM2.5: - According to the Vietnam Standard: QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT, the annual mean level of PM2.5 is 25 micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m 3 ). - According to the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation, it is at safety level if PM2.5 is under 10. According to the report, in 2017, Ho Chi Minh City has 87 days of average air quality index, 14 days of exceeding national standards, 222 days of exceeding WHO air quality guidelines. Air pollution in Ho Chi Minh City isoriginated from the air masses along the coast, means of transportation, accumulation of pollution, etc. The monitoring results in 2017 showed that the yearly average concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) in Ho Chi Minh city is 29.6 µg/m3 (national standard is 25 µg/m3). Station Location PM 2.5 Population in area Population percentage yearly mean 29,96 8,611, Total population in the central area 8,611, Population weighted concentration

25 Indicator 10. Greenhouse gas emissions CO2 Emission amount (kg CO2) = Travel distance (km) * Fuel consumption (liter/km) * Rate of CO2 emission from fuel (kg CO2/liter) The CO2 emission of fuel (kg CO2/liter) = Proportion *static calorific value* norminal CO2 emission rate/ 1000 No. Vehicles Quantity Daily Average Travel Distance (km/day) Fuels Fuel consumption (litre/km) CO2 Emission of fuel (kgco2/litre) Daily CO2 Emission (calculation) Adjusted Factor Emissions kgco2 per day Emissions tonsco2 per year 1 4-stroke engine motorbike <125cc 5,952, Petrol ,275, ,020,264 1,832,397 2 Scooter 1,488, Petrol ,744, ,195, ,424 3 Bus 2, Diesel , ,812 1, seat car 228, Petrol ,350, ,080, , seat car 57, Petrol , , ,164 6 Truck 165, Diesel , ,466 58,935 TOTAL 5,708,452 2,500,459 POPULATION 8,297,500 Emission/capital 0.38 Indicator VALUE YEAR COMMENTS Greenhouse gas emissions Based on estimate of traffic volumes (car, bus,motorbikes) on city road network for 2017, and average national emission factors per traffic mode 25

26 Compilation Results of 10 SUTI Indicators in Ho Chi Minh # Indicators Units Weights Extent to which transport plans cover public transport, intermodal facilities and infrastructure for active modes Modal share of active and public transport in commuting Convenient access to public transport service Range MIN MAX 0-16 scale % of trips % of population Public transport quality and reliability % satisfied Traffic fatalities per inhabitants # fatalities Affordability travel costs as share of income Operational costs of the public transport system Investment in public transportation systems % of income Cost recovery ratio % of total investment Air quality (pm2.5) μg/m Greenhouse gas emissions from transport Tons/cap Year: 2017 Ho Chi Minh 7 28, , Index NORMALIZATION 43,75 23,15 69,71 18,11 76,21 92,98 15, ,29 86,28

27 Compilation Results of 10 SUTI Indicators in Ho Chi Minh Ho Chi MInh City Normalized performance Air quality (pm2.5) Greenhouse gas emissions from transport Extent to which transport plans cover public transport, intermodal facilities and infrastructure Modal share of active and public transport in commuting Convenient access to public transport service Investment in public transportation systems Public transport quality and reliability Operational costs of the public transport system Affordability travel costs as part of income Traffic fatalities per inhabitants 27

28 Proposals - Recommendations 1. It is proposed to study min-max values for each Indicator by city groups of each continent (i.e. Asia, Europe, America ); by development levels (i.e. developing countries, developed countries ); or by city scales (i.e. population, land area ) 2. It is proposed to further study and supplement equal index to be used as a replacement, for example, PM10 can be replaced by PM2.5; Greenhouse gas emissions can be replaced by some index characterized for emissions from transport vehicles, such as CO, NOx, SO2 and available data (which is often statistical in reports on EIA caused by transport activities) 3. In regard to the weight calculation method, the SUTI Data Collection Guidance suggests equal weight method, which is not reasonable and tight enough since the importance is different among indicators. Therefore, it is recommendable that cities would calculate the Weight by using some methods, such as, specialist, AHP and so on, so that it can be appropriate with their conditions. 28

29 Thank you for your attention