Dhaka : Capital city of Bangladesh

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2 Dhaka : Capital city of Bangladesh Population : 14.4 million (2011) Area : Km 2 Population density : per Km 2 Growth rate : 4.2% Dhaka

3 Road network Approximately 3,000 km 200 km primary road, 110 km secondary road, 50 km feeder road and 2,640 km narrow road 400 km of footpaths, 90 foot over bridge, 4 Underpass 152 bus routes with 237 bus stops in the DMA (only 5 bus routes in East-West direction) Water way : Railway Study Area: Dhaka Metropolitan Area (DMA) 70 km Circular water way and newly added Hatir jil water bus 20 pairs of DEMO Train

4 Average Trip length of DMA Area: 5.3 Km 9,000,000 8,000,000 7,000,000 6,000,000 5,000,000 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000, Rickshaw CNG Bus Motorcycle Car & Taxi : 3.6km : 8.7km : 9.7km : 7.4km : 8.7km Walking Bicycle Rickshaw CNG Bus,Pub MC Car&Taxi Source: RSTP 2015

5 SUTI for Dhaka Main Objective of is to evaluate overall existing transportation system using 10 indicators developed by UNESCAP of DMA Consultation meetings First consultation meeting on 4 th May 2018 at DTCA Second consultation meeting on 6 th June 2018 at DTCA Third consultation meeting on 10 th June 2018 at Ministry of Road Transport and Highways Forth consultation meeting on 4 th September at DTCA

6 10 indicators of SUTI Indicators Description 1 Extent to which transport plans cover public transport, intermodal facilities and infrastructure for active modes 2 Modal share of active and public transport in commuting 3 Convenient access to public transport service 4 Public transport quality and reliability 5 Traffic fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants 6 Affordability travel costs as part of income 7 Operational costs of the public transport system 8 Investment in public transportation systems 9 Air quality (PM10) 10 Greenhouse gas emissions (CO 2 eq tons/year)

7 Indicator 1: Extent to which transport plans cover public transport, intermodal facilities and infrastructure for active modes Definition : Extent to which latest transport master plan covers public transport, intermodal facilities and infrastructure for active modes Data Collection Approach : Revised Strategic Transport Plan (RSTP) Report, 2015 National integrated multimodal transport policy (NIMTP) 2013

8 Indicator 1: Scoring Analysis Walking Networks Cycling Networks Intermodal Transfer Facilities Aspects Explanation Score -For DMA area there are qualitative goals like: Pedestrian First policy -Pedestrian overpass and underpass is built at some major junctions -Budget regarding the improvement of walking facilities are increasing day by day. -There is no clear vision or goals regarding cycling facility in DMA area -Very few designations seen in plans as a support to other facilities -There is no specific budget or funding plan -Qualitative goals are proposed for ensuring mobility and interchange facility. -Intermodal facilities exist at major bus, rail and launch terminals - Some funding is proposed for developing new bus terminals in RSTP Public Transport --Mass transit line ( 5 MRT & 2 BRT ) is proposed. - Bus sector reform project initiated but not get much priority - Circular waterway from Shadarghat to Ashulia to Kachpur & Frequency of DEMO train is increasing. - Sufficient budget is secured 3

9 Indicator 1 Measures to Improve Indicator Value Year Comments Sum score value to enter in data sheet for indicator Score is based on Revised Strategic Transport Plans (RSTP), 2015 for Dhaka city. Dedicated bicycle networks along major roads and adequate budget needs to be secured. Continuous footpath in the DMA area should be planned with ramps for special need people. Overpass or underpass at the intersections for crossing Intermodal facility should be developed at all existing and future transit nodes. Immediate implementation of Bus sector reform project

10 Indicator 2 : Modal share of active and public transport in commuting Definition : Percentage of Public and active transport to overall trips Data collection Approach Revised Strategic Transport Plan (RSTP), 2016 Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study (DHUTS), 2009 Public Transport Bus Train Rickshaw CNG Auto tempo/leguna Active Transport Walking Bicycle

11 Indicator 2 Mode Trip Numbers % Bus Auto Tempo/ Laguna CNG/ Auto Rickshaw (Non-Motorized) Public Transport Taxi car Motor cycles Trucks and Mini Van Individual Motorized Transport Bicycle Walking Active Transport Grand Total Public and Active Modal Share of Active and Public Transport 87.11%

12 Indicator 2 Indicator Value Year Comments Measures to Improve Modal share of active and public transport trips in commuting (%) Data is based on an update of travel survey of Quality and reliable Bus service to keep this high share Once MRT and BRT will be in operation public transport share may improve

13 Indicator 3: Convenient access to public transport service Definition Proportion of the population that has convenient access to public transport, defined as living within 500 meters from a public transport stop Data Collection Approach Geographic Information (GIS) data of RSTP Report, 2015 DMA area, Bus route map, bus stop and population data (2011) ASPECTS Total Population of Core Dhaka 2011 Population with Accessibility to public transport QUANTITY Percentage 56.5%

14 Indicator 3 Measures to Improve Indicator Value Year Comments Convenient access to public transport service The data is based on the DMA 2011 census for population.. Transit oriented development ( TOD) shall be introduced. Well defined bus stops should be provided into places where trip generation rate is high. To ease last mile connectivity access road and cheap transport options should be provided. Adequate east west connection.

15 Indicator 4: Public transport quality and reliability Definition The degree to which passengers of the public transport system are satisfied with the quality of service while using the different modes of public transport Reliability and quality are two very important factors that attracts to public transport. Data Collection approach Field survey conducted at bus stops and on boards5 bus corridors Azimpur-Mirpur1 Gulisthan-Mohakhali-Gazipur Gulisthan-Mohammadpur Azimpur-Mirpur10 Jatrabari-Progoti Shoroni-Abdullahpur Eight aspects are used to analyse quality and reliability frequency of buses, punctuality, comfort and cleanliness, safety of vehicles, convenient of bus stops, information availability, personal courtesy and fare level

16 Dimensions Dissatisfied Neutral Satisfied Respons Very Partly Partly Very es Frequency of Service Average Score % of Satisfaction Punctuality Comfort and Cleanliness Safety of Vehicles Convenience of Bus Stops or Stations Availability of Information Personal courtesy Fare Level Total Indicator 4 *Total 280 passengers were interviewed and 100 were women.

17 Indicator 4 Measures to Improve Indicator Value Year Comments Public transport quality and reliability Based on satisfaction survey on 5 busy bus routes Bus sector reform project should be initiated ASAP Bus stops should be properly design with adequate waiting facility. At grade boarding and alighting and provision for special need people at station and inside bus. Old malfunctioned buses should be gradually phase out Traffic management system need to be improved

18 Fatalities Indicator 5: Traffic fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants Definition Fatalities in traffic in DMA per 100,000 inhabitants Data collection approach Crash data for the year collected from ARI, BUET Population related data was collected from the publications of Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). Year No. of Fatality Population TF Value ,171, ,620, ,084, ,562, ,055, ,564, ,089, Year

19 Indicator 5 Measures to Improve Indicator Value Year Comments Traffic fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants The average value from 2011 to 2017 was 1.79 In Dhaka most of the fatalities occurs with pedestrian. So, improvising Pedestrian crossing facilities at intersection is essential. Adequate Training for driver for safe driving. More awareness program Improve traffic arrangement system ( ITS, modern signalling etc.)

20 Indicator 6: Affordability travel costs as share of income Definition Cost of a monthly network-wide public transport ticket covering all main modes in the city, compared to mean monthly income for the poorest quartile of the population of Dhaka Data collection approach Daily travel expense along with their monthly income data was collected during field survey Factors Quantity (BDT) Average Wage of People (According to 17, Survey Result) Average Transport Cost 2, Percentage of Monthly Income 15.88

21 Indicator 6 Measures to Improve Indicator Value Year Comments Affordability travel costs as part of budget The result is based on a 2018 field survey A more convenient fare level can be proposed by the government through providing subsidies over the fuel sector by making policies??? Special pass for student, senior citizen and special need people can be introduced.

22 Indicator 7: Operational costs of the public transport system Definition Ratio of fare revenue to operating costs for public transport systems Operating costs in transportation sector basically includes three major sections which are running cost (Fuel cost), maintenance cost and fixed cost (rent of garage, insurance, road permit and so on). To cover these costs transport companies basically depends on revenues collected through fares or other ways like advertisements. Factors Amount (USD) Operating Revenues Operating Cost Percentage of operational cost recovered by fares Data Collection approach: Dhaka Bus Network and Regulatory Reform Indicator, 2012.

23 Indicator 7 Measures to Improve Indicator Value Year Comments Operational Cost of the public transport system The data are from 131 bus route of Dhaka city Fragment bus services need to be regulated through taking them under few specific companies. This may revitalize the fund for bearing the operational costs Current official rate levels do not seem to cover the needs of the operators to sustain an efficient operation of buses.

24 Indicator 8: Investment in public transportation systems Definition : Ration of Investment to public & active transport to the total transport investment Data collection approach: Annul Reports of DNCC and DSCC ( ) Bangladesh Road Transport Authority DMTC, DBRT and BBA annual report Investments by the city Average (lakh BDT) Public facilities Total facilities transport Transport , , Share 96.2

25 Indicator 8 Measures to Improve Investment on walking and bicycle way Indicator Valu e Year Comments More investment in bus sector Investment in public transportation systems 50 ( ) Based on Annual Reports of Dhaka North and South City Corporation

26 Indicator 9: Air quality (PM10) Definition Annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (PM10) in the air (population weighted) Data collection approach There are three Continuous Air Monitoring stations (CAMS) installed under Clean Air and Sustainable Environment (CASE) Project within Dhaka City. Bangladesh Std. WHO Std. PM μg/m 3 50 μg/m3 PM μg/m 3 25 μg/m3 CAMS continuously collect PM2.5 and PM10 data and publish monthly reports

27 Indicator 9 Year Month Parameter PM 10 CAMS-1 CAMS-2 CAMS January Average February Average March Average April Average May Average June Average July Average August Average September Average October Average November Average December Average Average Yearly Average (CAMS-2 and CAMS-3)

28 Indicator 9 Measures to Improve Indicator Value Year Comments Low sulfur diesel should be introduced Encourage the use to CNG Air Quality (PM 10) Data of CAMS-2 and CAMS-3 stations were used for 2017

29 Indicator 10: Greenhouse gas emissions Definition : CO2 equivalent emissions from transport by urban residents per annum per capita Data Collection approach: Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (BPC) provided the secondary data to calculate ton CO2 emitted per capita per year. Standard CO2 emission factor was taken from SUTI guideline. Fuel Type Liters Sold CO2 Factor kg/l Emissions tons/year Population Emission/ capita Gasoline/Petrol Diesel Total

30 Indicator 10 Measures to Improve Indicator Value Year Comments Based on estimate of total CO2 emissions fuel consumed in for transport transport sector within DMA area in 2017 Old malfunctioned vehicles need to be gradually phase out Electric/ Hybrid vehicles should be promoted To reduce the use of Diesel and Petrol, CNG should be encouraged.

31 Final Result No Indicators Units Weights Range Min Max Value Normalization 1 Extent to which transport plans cover public transport, intermodal facilities and infrastructure for active modes 0-16 scale Modal share of active and public transport in commuting % of trips Convenient access to public transport service % of population Public transport quality and reliability % satisfied Traffic fatalities per inhabitants No. of fatalities Affordability travel costs as share of income % of income Operational costs of the public transport system Cost recovery ratio 8 Investment in public transportation systems % of total investment Air quality (pm10) μg/m Greenhouse gas emissions from transport Tons/cap Geometric Mean of the Index 49.21

32 Spider Diagram to represent indicators Greenhouse gas emissions from transport Air quality (pm10) Extent to which transport plans cover public Modal share of active and public transport in Convenient access to public transport service Investment in public transportation systems Public transport quality and reliability Operational costs of the public transport system Affordability travel costs as part of income Traffic fatalities per inhabitants Result of the Index Geometric Mean Value 49.21

33 Conclusions Public transportation system is the most used mode in DMA area but people are dissatisfied with public transport quality, reliability Much effort is needed to improve air quality Realistic budget needs to be secured SUTI for other major cities Review in every 2 year Congestion can be included in indicator 4 or separately

34 Some recent initiatives

35 Noor-E-Alam