Current Progress of DaimlerChrysler's Fuel Cell Powered Fleets. Dr. Klaus Bonhoff

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1 Current Progress of DaimlerChrysler's Fuel Cell Powered Fleets Dr. Klaus Bonhoff March 11, 2005

2 Five steps towards the Energy for the Future today tomorrow Fuel Cell Vehicles Hybrid Vehicles CO 2 -neutral Bio Fuels Improvement of Conventional Fuels Optimization of Combustion Engines Maximisation of efficiency, minimisation or elimination of emissions 2

3 Production of hydrogen is crucial for an hydrogen economy Hydrogen is only an energy carrier and must be produced from other energy sources Production pathways have specific energy losses and greenhouse gas emissions The high energy efficiency of fuel cells helps to compensate higher energy losses in same production pathways In some cases, FC-Vehicles can offer both, better fuel economies and emission reduction on a well to wheel basis. In some cases a nearly emission free mobility is given. 3

4 »Well-to-Wheel«comparison: Hydrogen- fuel cell drive Gasoline/ diesel - ICE WTW-GHG g CO 2 /km Using hydrogen produced with regenerative energy sources in fuel cell vehicles provides a emission-free mobility in a long-term perspective. The production of hydrogen from natural gas during a transition period provides a CO 2 reduction of more than 30%. ICE conventional Gasoline (SIDI) Diesel (with DPF) ICE hybrid Gasoline (SIDI) Diesel (with DPF) Fuel cell hybrid CH 2 (EU-NG-Mix, Onsite Ref) CH 2 (Wind, Zen Ely, Pipe) WTW-Energy MJ/100km Source: EUCAR Study for Europe in

5 Fuel cell vehicles of DaimlerChrysler Hydrogen Passenger Cars Phase 1 Phase 2 Necar 2 Necar 4 Necar 4 Advanced Chrysler Natrium F-Cell Methanol Passenger Cars Necar 3 Jeep Commander Necar 5 Hydrogen Light-Duty Vehicles Feasibility Studies and Market Preparation»Fit For Daily Use«Necar 1 Sprinter Hydrogen Heavy-Duty Vehicles NeBus Citaro 5

6 Preparing the market - Worldwide fleet operations Iceland Hydrogen Economy ECTOS Clean Energy Partnership Germany European Bus Project CUTE Bus Project Beijing China JHFC Program Japan California Fuel Cell Partnership DoE Program USA Status end of 2004 Sinergy EDB Project Singapore More than 100 DaimlerChrysler fuel cell vehicles in daily operation. Bus Project STEP Perth, Australia 6

7 Experiences with DaimlerChrysler Fuel Cell Vehicles 60 F-Cell Vehicles in customer hands (end 2004) 33 Busses (Citaro) Europe, Australien 3 Sprinters at UPS Europe, USA ~ km ~ km ~ km Worldrecord in 11/ F-Cells drive km in 24 hours 120 km/h average speed 100 Fuel Cell Vehicles in Daily Operation. Fuel Cell Vehicle Technology has left the Prototype-Status. 7

8 F-Cell-Vehicles worldwide in customer hands Bridgestone, Japan Tokyo Gas, Japan Shell Hydrogen, Japan World EXPO 2005, Japan Deutsche Telekom, Germany Bewag / Vattenfall Europe, Germany German Government, Germany National Environmental Agency, Singapore BP, Singapore Conrad Centennial, Singapore Michelin, Singapore Lufthansa German Airlines, Singapore UPS, USA South Coast Air Quality Management District, USA Los Angeles Airport, USA 8

9 Customers F-Cell F-Cell Vehicles in customer hands in Japan Bridgestone EXPO2005 Showa Shell Tokyo Gas 9

10 Service F-Cell F-Cell-Vehicle service worldwide Installation of special service workshops for F-Cell vehicles for handling of high voltage and hydrogen Trained service personal integrated in local Mercedes-Benz dealerships and other DaimlerChrysler facilities. Use of adopted standard Mercedes-Benz service documentation for F-Cell vehicles. Salzufer, Berlin Singapore 10

11 Data acquisition F-Cell F-Cell vehicle worldwide data acquisition IT based worldwide data recording and analysis of 60 long term data 600 short term data (event triggered) Getting experience from customer operation under different ambient conditions with the scope of next generation fuel cell system development Stuttgart Detroit Berlin Sacramento Tokio Los Angeles Singapore 11

12 European projects: CUTE/ECTOS Reykjavik Stockholm London Amsterdam Hamburg Luxemburg Stuttgart Porto Barcelona Madrid 30 fuel cell busses in 10 European cities 30 fuel cell busses in 10 European cities CUTE: Clean Urban Transport for Europe ECTOS: Ecological City Transport System (Island) 12

13 Experiences CUTE/ECTOS/STEP-Project TOTAL KILOMETERS TOTAL HOURS London Perth Madrid London Perth Madrid Porto Stockholm Amsterdam Luxembourg Hamburg Barcelona Reykjavik Stuttgart Porto Stockholm Amsterdam Luxembourg Stuttgart Hamburg Barcelona Reykjavik hrs km 13

14 Infrastructure Fuel Cell Vehicles 2004 Hydrogen production in the European Bus Program 14

15 Infrastructure Next Steps CUTE/ECTOS/CEP/ZERO REGIO H 2 -Fueling Stations in 13 European Cities Basic energy for CUTE / ECTOS city transportation: Energy source Fuelling stations Berlin 5% Natural gas, nuclear power, coal Wind energy Solar energy Hydro power Frankfurt 95% Crude oil Natural gas 4 Mantova Crude oil 2 Status at 2003 CUTE / ECTOS Diversified feedstock for H 2 -production including renewable energy sources. 15

16 Achievements and challenges Future high efficiency zero/ultra low emissions low noise high driving comfort performance, package and weight use of alternative fuels new innovative vehicle concept basic demonstration of customer benefits Further technical development: cost weight reliability and lifetime hydrogen storage freeze start cooling Collaboration: infrastructure codes and standards Vehicles in customers hands: real life experience Significant improvements in 10 years. Joint efforts to master the challenges. 16

17 Synchronization of fuel cell powertrain development with H 2 -infrastructure FC vehicles Current technology 2. generation 3. generation fuel cell vehicles Cute/Ectos, CEP Research & Development Field tests/ demonstration Increasing maturity, decreasing cost Research & Development Fleet operation H 2 -infrastructure Increasing reliability, decreasing cost, development of alternative H 2 -pathways (production and distribution) Increasing number of hydrogen fuelling stations, increasing number of hydrogen regions 17

18 Some ideas on big demonstration projects (Lighthouse projects) Concentrate activities in densely populated areas to build up critical mass Focus on sites where low cost hydrogen supply is available (refineries) Use existing installations as nucleus for extending infra structure (mini network) Authorities must be willing to develop smooth permitting procedures Presence of parties with fleet lease potential necessary Sustainable local government commitment to incentivate involved parties But only deploy technologies that have passed quality gates with minimum requirements 18

19 Some ideas on big demonstration projects (continuation) Synergies between transportation and stationary applications are hard to find, due to differences in fuel infrastructure requirements Transportation projects require regional focus to build-up mini networks with minimum sized fleet quantities Stationary projects can be more dispersed because they are focused on using natural gas At some sites it might make sense to deploy both applications (e.g. hydrogen pipeline is available) Transportation projects should be focused regionally. Stationary projects can be more dispersed to broad Europe. 19