HD Truck Fuel Economy Task Group Findings, Key Issues, Recommendations to Date Bill Van Amburg, CALSTART

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1 HD Truck Fuel Economy Task Group Findings, Key Issues, Recommendations to Date Bill Van Amburg, CALSTART

2 HD Truck Fuel Economy Task Group Over 100 OEMs, Suppliers, Developers, Fleets Have Taken Part Goals:» In advance of rule development, discuss key issues for industry and users» Make sure beneficial fuel saving technology included in rule design» Seek areas of agreement; identify key areas of concern» Work collaboratively to develop recommendations» Provide feedback to agencies 2

3 Key Issues for Phase 2 Rule: Duty Cycles, Testing Protocols, Full Vehicle Testing are Top Issues

4 Fuel Economy Improvement (Avg) 5% 10% 15% Are There Opportunities to Greatly Improve Fuel Economy Beyond Phase 1?» 84% say room for big improvement» 69% want more stringent fuel economy regs Greatest Opportunities» Class 2b: 40% say you could get 20% or more FE gain» Vocational: more than half think you can get at least 15% improvement» Many called out advanced hybrid / electrification as an opportunity

5 Less Important More Important Key Barriers to Higher Fuel Economy: Cost, Market Acceptance, R&D Investment

6 Consensus to Date» 3-4 Vocational segments based on CalHEAT findings are acceptable and outline way trucks generally used» Duty cycles are critical to successful Phase 2» However: want to recommend fewest number of meaningful cycles that bound how a truck generally used (cannot specifically match how EVERY truck is specifically used) 80% solution» Accepted by industry and fleets as adequate

7 6 Truck Categories Based on How Trucks Operate Class 7/8 Tractors Over the Road Short Haul/ Regional Younger Trucks; High Annual VMT Mostly higher average speed, highway driving Between cities; Drayage; Day Cabs Includes second use trucks; trucks w/ smaller engines Class 3-8 Vocational Work Trucks Urban Cargo, freight, delivery, collection Lower VMT; Lower Average speed; Stop-start 7 Class 2B/3 Rural/ Intracity Work site support Pickups/ Vans Cargo, freight, delivery, collection Higher VMT; Higher Avg speed; Both urban/ highway Utility trucks, construction, etc. Lots of idle time; Lots of PTO use Commercial use; Automotive OEMs & volumes

8 Additional Segmentation Needed for FE Goals? Class 3-4 Class 5-6 Class 7-8 Urban Light Urban Medium Urban Heavy Rural Light Rural Medium Rural Heavy Worksite Light Worksite Medium Worksite Heavy One option: Creating bins similar to Class 8 correlate the bins to weight class groupings. Other options: could be tied to more specific applications but that can add significant complexity

9 Key Issues» Compile and recommend 3-6 specific Duty Cycles that are sufficient to cover the basic applications while allowing new technology to demonstrate its worth» Tech such as transmissions, aero, light weighting, hybrid, thermal recovery, work site idling» Are there some duty cycles so custom they must be included?

10 Current Testing Schemes Unintentionally Limit Tech Solutions Current Testing Vocational Operations

11 Possible Consolidation» Highway line haul ARB HHDDT; NESCAUM» Regional haul modified ARB HHDDT; HTUF Class 8b Regional» Intermodal Class 8 Drayage Truck Univ. of Texas/Port of Houston; TIAX/POLA/POLB» Pick Up and Delivery HTUF Class 4 and HTUF Class 6 Parcel Delivery; CILCC» Beverage - CILCC variant?» Neighborhood Refuse Truck NREL/Ohio State University/Oshkosh» Utility Service Truck CILCC with work-site operation» Refrigeration - Handled within the Utility segment due to combination of driving cycle and work-site cycle» Shuttle Bus (Airport, Rental, Municipal) truck cycle or bus cycle?» Transit Bus Manhattan; Orange County: CBD 11

12 Possible Duty Cycles» Urban/suburban driving» CILCC; Pick-up and Delivery (PDDS); transit cycles; other?» Issues: # stops; extreme cycles?» Intracity/Rural driving» CILCC with high speed component?; regional class 8 variant; UDDS? other?» Work site support cycles» CILCC for driving; utility work cycle or variant for idle component?» Refuse stands out as a potentially unique/intense duty cycle

13 General Approach for Cert» Combine limited set of appropriate duty cycles into ONE test cycle perform only one test (or simulation)» OEM would use for certification just the results on the duty cycle of intended use» Other data could be used to inform fleets/users what to expect if used in different cycles

14 Discussion» What are the specific duty cycles we recommend?» Will these duty cycles exclude or include viable fuel saving tech solutions?» What are the simplest ways of assigning trucks into the vocational categories so we do not create an overly complex regulation?

15 CALSTART Clean Transportation Technologies and Solutions