Varietal Trials Results

Transcription

1 Varietal Trials Results January 2008 Wheat, Hard Red Spring Jim Anderson, Jochum Wiersma, Gary Linkert, Catherine Springer and Susan Reynolds differ for their response to each of those diseases, the rating does not differentiate among them. Consequently, the rating should be used as a general indication and only for varietal selection in areas where these diseases have been a problem or if the previous crop was wheat or barley. Table. Origin and agronomic characteristics of hard red spring wheat varieties in Minnesota in single-year and multiple-year comparisons ( ). Spring wheat varieties are compared in trial plots at Waseca, Lamberton, Morris, Crookston, Stephen, Roseau and St. Paul, where they are grown in replicated plots at each location. These plots are handled so that the factors affecting yield and other characteristics are as nearly the same for all varieties at each location as possible. These hard red spring wheat trials are not designed for crop (species) comparisons, because the various crops are grown on different fields or with different management. The data should only be used to compare varieties within a table. Tested hard red spring wheat varieties are listed in the tables in the order of their flowering date. Variety Selection Criteria While grain yield is an important economic trait, return per acre also is affected by grain quality. Fusarium Head Blight (FHB), or scab, is an important consideration because it can reduce grain quality and yield dramatically. The foliar disease rating, which represents the total complex of leaf diseases other than leaf and stripe rust, includes the Septoria complex, tan spot, powdery mildew, and bacterial blight. Although varieties may Days to Height Straw Variety Origin PVP Status Heading 2 inches 2 strength 3 Rush 2006 WestBred PVP (94) Very Strong Ulen 2005 MN PVP (94) Medium Kelby 2006 AgriPro PVP (94) Strong Briggs 2002 SDSU PVP (94) Medium Trooper 2004 WestBred PVP (94) Very Strong Samson 2007 WestBred PVP (pend) Traverse 2006 SDSU PVP (94) Medium Banton 2004 Trigen PVP (94) Strong Glenn 2005 NDSU PVP (94) Strong Oklee 2003 MN PVP (94) 54 3 Medium Granger 2004 SDSU PVP (94) Medium Oxen 996 SDSU PVP (94) 54 3 Medium Strong Norwell 2006 Thunder Seed PVP (pend) Steele-ND 2004 NDSU PVP (94) Medium Freyr 2004 AgriPro PVP (94) Medium Howard 2006 NDSU PVP (94) Medium Kuntz 2007 AgriPro PVP (94) Alsen 2000 NDSU PVP (94) Strong Knudson 200 AgriPro PVP (94) Medium Strong FBC-Dylan 2006 NPSAS/FBC none 55 3 Medium Ada 2006 MN PVP (94) 55 3 Medium Strong Blade 2007 WestBred PVP (pend) 55 3 RB MN PVP (pend) Medium Strong Bigg Red 2004 WestBred PVP (94) Medium Faller 2007 NDSU PVP (pend) Medium Strong Hat Trick 2007 Trigen PVP (pend) Strong Cromwell 2007 Thunder Seed PVP (pend) 57 3 Granite 2002 WestBred PVP (94) Very Strong Fireball 2006 N. Star G. PVP (94) Strong Marshall 982 MN none Strong Vantage 2007 WestBred PVP (pend) Very Strong Hot Shot 2007 N. Star G. PVP (pend) Polaris 2003 N. Star G. PVP (94) 6 3 Very Strong Bakker Gold 2006 N. Star G. PVP (94) 6 3 Very Strong Mean Abbreviations: MN = Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station; NPSAS/FBC = Northern Plains Sustainable Agriculture Society/Farmer Breeder Club; N. Star G. = North Star Genetics; NDSU = North Dakota State University Research Foundation; SDSU = South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station; Trigen = Trigen Seed Services LLC data data. 42

2 Control of leaf diseases with fungicides may be warranted, even for varieties with an above-average rating. Disease ratings are now on a - 9 scale where = most resistant and 9 = most susceptible. Rating differences of 2 or more should be considered significant. Variety selection for 2007 continues to be a balance between yield potential, disease responses and grain quality. Leading varieties in Minnesota, based on acres planted, include Freyr, Oklee, Knudson, Glenn, Briggs, and Alsen. New releases for 2007 are Blade (WestBred), Cromwell (Thunder Seed), Faller (NDSU), Hat Trick (Trigen), Hot Shot (North Star Genetics), Kuntz (AgriPro), RB07 (MN), Samson (WestBred), and Vantage (WestBred). Leaf rust caused substantial damage on susceptible varieties in Varieties with ratings of 5 or higher should be closely monitored during the season for rust development. Varieties with ratings of 4 or better should not experience economic levels of damage in most years. Stripe rust was a serious problem on susceptible varieties in some locations in This disease is not as widespread and does not occur as regularly as leaf rust, but can be very damaging when temperatures remain unseasonably cool into early July. Most varieties are resistant or moderately resistant. Stem rust ratings are included in the disease tables because there are differences in variety reaction. The levels of this disease have been very low in production fields in recent years, even on susceptible varieties. Due to the increased use of fungicides in wheat in Minnesota, we initiated an additional variety trial in 2004 in which fungicides are applied at the time of herbicide application (Feekes 5), flag leaf emergence (Feekes 9), and at the onset of flowering (Feekes 0.5). The practice of three fungicide applications during the growing season is not recommended. This fungicide regime was implemented to measure performance of varieties Table 2. Grain quality of hard red spring wheat varieties in Minnesota in single-year (2007) and multiple-year comparisons ( ). Test Weight (Lb/Bu) Protein (%) Baking Pre-Harvest Variety Year Year Quality 2 Sprouting 3 Rush Medium-High 2 Ulen Medium 5 Kelby Medium 2 Briggs Medium 2 Trooper Medium-High 2 Samson Traverse Low 4 Banton High-Medium 3 Glenn High Oklee Low-Medium 3 Granger Medium 4 Oxen High-Medium 2 Norwell Steele-ND High 2 Freyr Medium Howard Medium-High Kuntz Alsen High 2 Knudson Medium-High 3 FBC-Dylan Medium-Low 3 Ada Medium-High 2 Blade RB Medium-High 2 Bigg Red Medium-Low 4 Faller Medium 2 Hat Trick Medium-Low 4 Cromwell Granite Medium-Low 2 5 Fireball Medium 5 Marshall Low 2 Vantage Hot Shot Polaris Medium Bakker Gold Low Mean % moisture basis crop years. 3-9 scale in which is best and 9 is worst. Values of -3 should be considered as resistant. 4 These ratings are based on -year data (2007). The rating may change by as much as after additional data is collected. 5 Granite s falling numbers are typically seconds (on a scale to 400) less than other varieties. 43

3 when fungal diseases were controlled to the maximum extent possible. Grower s decisions regarding fungicide applications should be based on the available decision-support systems, and fungicides applied only if and when disease levels are forecasted to reach economic damaging levels. The additional performance evaluations were carried out adjacent to the conventional (no fungicides applied) trials, so results can be compared directly. The trials were conducted in Lamberton, Morris, Crookston and Roseau in The fungicide regime as applied in these trials increased grain yield on average by more than 9 bu/acre. The 2- and 3-year comparisons showed an increase in grain yield of 6 to 7 bu/acre. Rather than the average increases in grain yield, the responses of individual varieties provide the most useful information; varieties rated susceptible to leaf rust and other leaf diseases benefited most from fungicide applications. Test Plot Research Test plot establishment and management were supervised by John Wiersma, George Nelson, Steve Quiring, Tom Hoverstad, Donn Vellekson, Galen Thompson and Derek Crompton. Table 3. Disease reactions of hard red spring wheat varieties in Minnesota in multiple year comparisons ( ). Variety Leaf Rust Stripe Rust Stem Rust 2 Other Leaf Diseases 3 Scab Rush Ulen Kelby Briggs Trooper Samson 5 Traverse Banton Glenn 4 3 Oklee Granger Oxen Norwell 7 7 Steele-ND 4 6 Freyr Howard 4 6 Kuntz 3 4 Alsen Knudson FBC-Dylan Ada Blade 2 RB Bigg Red Faller 3 4 Hat Trick Cromwell 5 Granite Fireball Marshall Vantage 4 Hot Shot 7 7 Polaris Bakker Gold scale where =most resistant, 9=most susceptible. 2 This rating is based on limited data. 3 Includes tan spot, septoria, bacterial leaf blight, and powdery mildew. 4 These varieties are more susceptible to powdery mildew. 5 This variety is more susceptible to bacterial leaf blight. Hard red spring wheat planting rate and date. Calculating and seeding the appropriate amount of seed is an important first step towards maximizing yield. The seeding rate is a function of the number of kernels per pound of seed, the percent germination of the lot, the expected stand loss as a function of the quality of the seedbed, and the desired stand. In Minnesota, an average optimum stand for hard red spring wheat when planted early is between 28 to 30 plants per square foot or approximately.25 million plants per acre. This number should increase by to 2 plants per square foot for every week planting is delayed past the early, optimum, seeding date. Expected stand loss even under good seedbed conditions is between 0% to 20% and will increase with a poor seedbed or improper seed placement due to poor depth control. The general formula for calculating a seeding rate is: Seeding Rate (Pounds/Acre) = Desired Stand (Plants/Acre) x ( Expected Stand Loss) (Seeds/Pound) x Percentage Germination Calculate the seeding rate for every single seed lot and calibrate the drill accordingly. Example: Early variety. Desired Stand, (Plants/Acre) Expected Seeds per Percentage Stand Loss Pound Germination.25 million , Seeding Rate, (Lb/Acre)

4 Table 4. Relative grain yield, percent of the mean, of hard red spring wheat varieties in northern Minnesota locations. Crookston Roseau Stephen On-Farm Variety Year 3-Year Year Year 3-Year Year 3-Year Rush Ulen Kelby Briggs Trooper Samson Traverse Banton Glenn Oklee Granger Oxen Norwell Steele-ND Freyr Howard Kuntz Alsen Knudson FBC-Dylan Ada Blade RB Bigg Red Faller Hat Trick Cromwell Granite Fireball Marshall Vantage Hot Shot Polaris Bakker Gold Mean (Bu/Acre) LSD (0.05) The 2005 Roseau trial was lost due to flooding. 45

5 Table 5. Relative grain yield, percent of the mean, of hard red spring wheat varieties in southern Minnesota locations. Lamberton Morris St. Paul Waseca Variety Year 3-Year Year 3-Year Year 3-Year Year 3-Year Rush Ulen Kelby Briggs Trooper Samson Traverse Banton Glenn Oklee Granger Oxen Norwell Steele-ND Freyr Howard Kuntz Alsen Knudson FBC-Dylan Ada Blade RB Bigg Red Faller Hat Trick Cromwell Granite Fireball Marshall Vantage Hot Shot Polaris Bakker Gold Mean (Bu/Acre) LSD (0.05) Table 6. Relative grain yield, percent of the mean, of hard red spring wheat varieties in Minnesota. State North South Variety Year 3-Year Year 3-Year Year 3-Year Rush Ulen Kelby Briggs Trooper Samson Traverse Banton Glenn Oklee Granger Oxen Norwell Steele-ND Freyr Howard Kuntz Alsen Knudson FBC-Dylan

6 Table 6 (continued). Relative grain yield, percent of the mean, of hard red spring wheat varieties in Minnesota. State North South Variety Year 3-Year Year 3-Year Year 3-Year Ada Blade RB Bigg Red Faller Hat Trick Cromwell Granite Fireball Marshall Vantage Hot Shot Polaris Bakker Gold Mean (Bu./Acre) LSD (0.05) No. of Environments Table 7. Grain yield (percent of the mean) of hard red spring wheat varieties grown under conventional and intensive management. North South State -Year 2-Year 3-Year -Year 2-Year 3-Year -Year 2-Year 3-Year Variety Conv. Inten. Conv. Inten. Conv. Inten. Conv. Inten. Conv. Inten. Conv. Inten. Conv. Inten. Conv. Inten. Conv. Inten. Rush Ulen Kelby Briggs Trooper Samson Traverse Banton Glenn Oklee Granger Oxen Norwell Steele-ND Freyr Howard Kuntz Alsen Knudson FBC-Dylan Ada Blade RB Bigg Red Faller Hat Trick Cromwell Granite Fireball Marshall Vantage Hot Shot Polaris Bakker Gold Mean LSD Env Intensive trials received fungicide treatments at Feekes 5 5 fl.oz/acre), Feekes 9 4 fl.oz/acre), and Feekes fl.oz./acre). Conventional trials received no fungicide. 47