Recommendations and summary of results 2010
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- Ashlie Burns
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1 ecommendations and summary of results 2010 The most promising cultivars of all institutions involved in the small grain industry are annually included in the National Small Grain Cultivar Programme of the Small Grain Institute. Every year the results are evaluated and the guidelines for cultivar choice revised by a committee consisting of officials from AC-Small Grain Institute, SANSO, SABM, Sensako, PANNA, AFGI, various Departments of Agriculture and the Universities of the Free State and Stellenbosch. The following guidelines for cultivar choice are a summary of the results per region and only cultivars of which at least two year s data are available are included. The guidelines act as reference within which more specific recommendations should fall. With the compilation of the guidelines, the following factors were considered: Grain yield Adaptability and yield stability Grain quality Disease resistance Agronomic characteristics such as lodging, threshability, preharvest sprouting, etc. The recommendations have been made after consideration of these factors and include the following: Cultivars and class division Optimum planting date for each cultivar Optimum seeding rate for each cultivar. Seeding rate in kg/ha is also influenced by thousand kernel mass and planting date ecommendations are for grain production only Cultivars are not listed according to yield potential Seeding rate Heads/m 2 is the yield component that makes the greatest contribution to grain yield. The number of heads is, amongst others, determined by tillering ability, seeding rate and survival of seedlings, and since the spring type cultivars tiller poorly in the winter rainfall region, seeding rate is the most important controllable factor that determines the number of heads/m 2. Seeding rate must also compensate for low germination, poor emergence and damping off of seedlings. Thousand kernel mass is an important characteristic that determines the number of kernels per kilogram seed and this can vary from g per 1000 kernels, which can have a distinct influence on seeding rate. Thousand kernel mass must thus be considered in determining seeding rate. Seeding rate (kg/ha) = Plants/m 2 x 1000 kernel mass (g) Survival % The following tables (Table 1 to 3) can be used in the calculation of seeding rate. Survival
2 percentage was taken as 80% in the table. Similar tables for use with other planters where lower seedling survival is expected are also given tables 2 & 3. Table 1. Table for calculation of seeding rate (kg/ha) for use with no-till planters in conservation tillage, where a seedling survival rate of more than 80% can be expected. Plants/m 2 Thousand kernel mass Example: Thousand kernel mass of your seed = 32 The plant establishment that you are looking for = 200 plants per m2 Estimated survival % is above 80% Therefore you need 80 kg/ha of seed Table 2. Table for calculation of seeding rate (kg/ha) for use with no-till planters in conservation tillage, where a seedling survival rate of 70 to 80% can be expected. Plants/m 2 Thousand kernel mass
3 Table 3. Table for calculation of seeding rate (kg/ha) for use with no-till planters in conservation tillage, where a seedling survival rate of 60 to 0% can be expected. Plants/m 2 Thousand kernel mass Characteristics of cultivars In selecting the correct cultivar to produce in a specific region, it is important to take into account certain characteristics other than the yield performance. These characteristics include agronomic characteristics of the cultivars recommended in the area (Table 4) and data on the disease susceptibility of the cultivars (Table 5). Table 4. Agronomic characteristics of wheat cultivars Cultivar Growth period Shatterproof Hectolitre mass Straw strength Sprouting tolerance Baviaans Medium ** ** ** *** Kariega Medium ** *** ** *** Tankwa Long ** * ** ** PAN 3408 Medium ** ** ** # PAN 3434 Medium ** ** ** ** SST 015 Short ** ** ** *** SST 027 Medium-Long ** ** * ** SST 88 Long ** ** ** *** SST 047 Medium ** ** * *** SST 056 Short-Medium ** ** * ** * easonable ** Good *** Excellent # Poor? Unknown
4 Table 5. Disease susceptibility of wheat cultivars recommended under dryland in the Western Cape production region Cultivar Stem rust Leaf rust Stripe rust Baviaans S MS Kariega S MS Tankwa PAN 3408 MSS MS PAN 3434 S MS SST 015 S MS SST 027 MS MS S SST 88 S S M SST 047 SST 056 MS M /MS = esistant M = Moderately resistant S = Susceptible MS = Moderately susceptible? = Unknown Variation in rust races may affect cultivars differently. eactions given here are based on existing data for a production region. Planting dates and seeding rates The recommended planting dates and seeding rates for wheat cultivars, as decided upon at the meeting of the National Cultivar Evaluation Workgroup, are given in the following figures: Optimum planting dates and seeding rates for wheat cultivars in the Swartland Cultivar * Planting date (weeks) April May June Seeding rate (kg/ha) Baviaans (PB) Kariega (PB) PAN 3408 (PB) PAN 3434 (PB) SST 015 (PB) SST 027 (PB) SST 88 (PB) SST 047 (PB) SST 056 (PB) All the abovementioned cultivars qualify for all the grades of the bread class. PB Cultivars protected by Plant Breeders ights Use Tables 1 to 3 to calculate the seeding rate Producers are solely responsible for the marketing of grain of cultivars planted by them. See Bakers and Millers annual press release regarding cultivar requirements and consult with local co-operative and marketing agents prior to planting.
5 Optimum planting dates and seeding rates for wheat cultivars in the Western and Southern ûens Cultivar * Planting date (weeks) April May June Seeding rate (kg/ha) Baviaans (PB) Kariega (PB) Tankwa (PB) PAN 3408 (PB) PAN 3434 (PB) SST 015 (PB) SST 027 (PB) SST 88 (PB) SST 047 (PB) SST 056 (PB) Optimum planting dates and seeding rates for wheat cultivars in the Eastern ûens Cultivar * Planting date (weeks) April May June Seeding rate (kg/ha) Baviaans (PB) Kariega (PB) Tankwa (PB) PAN 3408 (PB) PAN 3434 (PB) SST 015 (PB) SST 027 (PB) SST 88 (PB) SST 047 (PB) SST 056 (PB) * All the abovementioned cultivars qualify for all the grades of the bread class. PB Cultivars protected by Plant Breeders ights Use Tables 1 to 3 to calculate the seeding rate Producers are solely responsible for the marketing of grain of cultivars planted by them. See Bakers and Millers annual press release regarding cultivar requirements and consult with local co-operative and marketing agents prior to planting.
6 Summary of results obtained during 2010 The results obtained in the cultivar evaluation programme in the winter rainfall area over the last seasons (2007 to 2010) are summarised in the following tables. The value of this information is that cultivar performance can be evaluated for a specific season, as well as over the medium term. The variation in climatic conditions between seasons, and the unpredictability thereof, necessitates cultivar choices that will decrease the risk as far as possible. If this information is interpreted with other cultivar characteristics, discussed earlier, more informed decisions can be made on the group of cultivars that will perform the best.
7 Swartland Combined Average yield (ton/ha) of entries for the Swartland area during the full or partial period from Cultivar year average 3 year average 2 year average Baviaans Duzi Kariega PAN PAN PAN PAN SST SST SST SST SST SST SST Tankwa Average LSD t (0,05)
8 Swartland Combined Average hectolitre mass (kg/hl) of entries for the Swartland area during the full or partial period from Cultivar year 3 year 2 year average average average Baviaans Duzi Kariega PAN PAN PAN PAN SST SST SST SST SST SST SST Tankwa Average LSD t (0,05)
9 Swartland Combined Average protein content (%) of entries for the Swartland area during the full or partial period from year Cultivar year average 3 year average average Baviaans Duzi Kariega PAN PAN PAN PAN SST SST SST SST SST SST SST Tankwa Average LSD t (0,05)
10 Swartland Combined Average falling number (s) of entries for the Swartland during the full or partial period from year Cultivar year average 3 year average average Baviaans Duzi Kariega PAN PAN PAN PAN SST SST SST SST SST SST SST Tankwa Average LSD t (0,05)
11 Swartland - Conservation tillage Average yield (ton/ha) of entries for the Swartland area during the full or partial period from year Cultivar year average 3 year average average Baviaans Duzi Kariega PAN PAN PAN PAN SST SST SST SST SST SST SST Tankwa Average LSD t (0,05)
12 Swartland - Conservation tillage Average hectolitre mass (kg/hl) of entries for the Swartland area during the full or partial period from year Cultivar year average 3 year average average Baviaans Duzi Kariega PAN PAN PAN PAN SST SST SST SST SST SST SST Tankwa Average LSD t (0,05)
13 Swartland - Conservation tillage Average protein content (%) of entries for the Swartland area during the full or partial period from year Cultivar year average 3 year average average Baviaans Duzi Kariega PAN PAN PAN PAN SST SST SST SST SST SST SST Tankwa Average LSD t (0,05)
14 Swartland - Conservation tillage Average falling number (s) of entries for the Swartland area during the full or partial period from year Cultivar year average 3 year average average Baviaans Duzi Kariega PAN PAN PAN PAN SST SST SST SST SST SST SST Tankwa Average LSD t (0,05)
15 Swartland - Conventional planting Average yield (ton/ha) of entries for the Swartland during the full or partial period from Cultivar year average 3 year average 2 year average Baviaans Duzi Kariega PAN PAN PAN PAN SST SST SST SST SST SST SST Tankwa Average LSD t (0,05)
16 Swartland - Conventional planting Average hectolitre mass (kg/hl) of entries for the Swartland during the full or partial period from Cultivar year average 3 year average 2 year average Baviaans Duzi Kariega PAN PAN PAN PAN SST SST SST SST SST SST SST Tankwa Average LSD t (0,05)
17 Swartland - Conventional planting Average protein content (%) of entries for the Swartland during the full or partial period from Cultivar year average 3 year average 2 year average Baviaans Duzi Kariega PAN PAN PAN PAN SST SST SST SST SST SST SST Tankwa Average LSD t (0,05)
18 Swartland - Conventional planting Average falling number (s) of entries for the Swartland during the full or partial period from Cultivar year average 3 year average 2 year average Baviaans Duzi Kariega PAN PAN PAN PAN SST SST SST SST SST SST SST Tankwa Average LSD t (0,05)
19 ûens - Combined Average yield (ton/ha) of entries for the ûens area during the full or partial period from Cultivar year average 3 year average 2 year average Baviaans Duzi Kariega PAN PAN PAN PAN SST SST SST SST SST SST SST Tankwa Average LSD t (0,05)
20 ûens - Combined Average hectolitre mass (kg/hl) of entries for the ûens area during the full or partial period from Cultivar year average 3 year average 2 year average Baviaans Duzi Kariega PAN PAN PAN PAN SST SST SST SST SST SST SST Tankwa Average LSD t (0,05)
21 ûens - Combined Average protein content (%) of entries for the ûens area during the full or partial period from Cultivar year average 3 year average 2 year average Baviaans Duzi Kariega PAN PAN PAN PAN SST SST SST SST SST SST SST Tankwa Average LSD t (0,05)
22 ûens - Combined Average falling number (s) of entries for the ûens during the full or partial period from Cultivar year average 3 year average 2 year average Baviaans Duzi Kariega PAN PAN PAN PAN SST SST SST SST SST SST SST Tankwa Average LSD t (0,05)
23 ûens - Conservation tillage Average yield (ton/ha) of entries for the ûens area during the full or partial period from year Cultivar year average 3 year average average Baviaans Duzi Kariega PAN PAN PAN PAN SST SST SST SST SST SST SST Tankwa Average LSD t (0,05)
24 ûens - Conservation tillage Average hectolitre mass (kg/hl) of entries for the ûens area during the full or partial period from year Cultivar year average 3 year average average Baviaans Duzi Kariega PAN PAN PAN PAN SST SST SST SST SST SST SST Tankwa Average LSD t (0,05)
25 ûens - Conservation tillage Average protein content (%) of entries for the ûens area during the full or partial period from Cultivar year average 3 year average 2 year average Baviaans Duzi Kariega PAN PAN PAN PAN SST SST SST SST SST SST SST Tankwa Average LSD t (0,05)
26 ûens - Conservation tillage Average falling number (s) of entries for the ûens area during the full or partial period from Cultivar year average 3 year average 2 year average Baviaans Duzi Kariega PAN PAN PAN PAN SST SST SST SST SST SST SST Tankwa Average LSD t (0,05)
27 ûens - Conventional planting Average yield (ton/ha) of entries for the ûens area during the full or partial period from Cultivar * year average 3 year average 2 year average Baviaans Duzi Kariega PAN PAN PAN PAN SST SST SST SST SST SST SST Tankwa Average LSD t (0,05) * Only Protem data 27
28 ûens - Conventional planting Average hectolitre mass (kg/hl) of entries for the ûens area during the full or partial period from Cultivar * year average 3 year average 2 year average Baviaans Duzi Kariega PAN PAN PAN PAN SST SST SST SST SST SST SST Tankwa Average LSD t (0,05) * Only Protem data 28
29 ûens - Conventional planting Average protein content (%) of entries for the ûens area during the full or partial period from Cultivar * year average 3 year average 2 year average Baviaans Duzi Kariega PAN PAN PAN PAN SST SST SST SST SST SST SST Tankwa Average LSD t (0,05) * Only Protem data 29
30 ûens - Conventional planting Average falling number (s) of entries for the ûens area during the full or partial period from Cultivar * year average 3 year average 2 year average Baviaans Duzi Kariega PAN PAN PAN PAN SST SST SST SST SST SST SST Tankwa Average LSD t (0,05) * Only Protem data 30
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