Precision ball screws

Transcription

1 Precision ball screws

2 Danaher Motion - Helping you build a better machine, faster The Danaher Corporation has brought together more than 30 market-leading brands (including Kollmorgen, Thomson, Dover, Pacific Scientific, Portescap, Neff, Seidel and Bautz) under the name Danaher Motion, a specialist provider of customer-oriented motion control products. This powerful motion control technology package is marketed under the brands Danaher Motion and Thomson. We are a leading company in the field of drive technology with a turnover in excess of 1 billion US dollars. Thanks to our unique combination of technical innovation and application-based experience gained over a number of decades, we are perfectly placed to help you build better machines in less time. Danaher Motion sets itself the highest standards in terms of quality, innovation and technology. We are always looking to improve machine performance and reliability whilst keeping a close eye on costs. Our global network of manufacturing facilities, our ability to respond quickly to individual customer requirements and our prototyping systems enable us to reduce lead times. With our application experience and development expertise, we can help you get your machines commissioned even faster. Be sure to compare the merits of potential candidates carefully when choosing a motion control partner. By choosing Danaher Motion, you will enjoy the benefit of a team with more than 6000 members, more than 60 years' application experience and more than 2000 outlets worldwide. Danaher Motion supplies products to a wide range of industrial sectors. Example areas include semiconductors, aviation and defence, electric vehicle systems, packaging, printing, medicine and robotics. We offer an unrivalled range of product solutions in the field of drive technology, underpinned by a worldwide customer service network to ensure you have access to our field technicians and support teams whenever and wherever you need them. The Danaher Business System - making sure your company has a sustainable competitive edge The Danaher Business System (DBS) was developed to help us generate even more value for our customers. DBS is a sophisticated and powerful set of tools which we use on a day-to-day basis as part of our process of continually improving our manufacturing and product development processes. DBS is based on the Kaizen principles which advocate a continuous and rigorous approach to eliminating waste across all areas of a company. DBS is geared towards achieving ground-breaking results throughout the entire company with a view to generating a competitive edge in terms of quality, delivery and performance that can be passed on to you, the customer. The advantages achieved enable Danaher Motion to offer not only shorter times to market, but also an unbeatable product range, and unrivalled service quality, reliability and productivity. Local support on a worldwide scale Application centres International manufacturing sites International design and development centres

3 Ball screws Table of contents Requirements for a screw drive The ball screw Preloading methods Tolerance classes Manufacturing range Rolled spindles P3 spindles for ball screws P3 nuts for ball screws P5/T5 spindles for ball screws P5/T5 nuts for ball screws T7 spindles for ball screws T7 nuts for ball screws Preloaded bearing housing Radial bearing housing Ground spindles Rated loads and rigidity Nut dimensions with DIN flange Heavy-duty range Technical calculation Acceptance conditions Materials Examples of bearings Lubrication Questionnaire Applications

4 What are your requirements on a screw drive today? The principle behind the thread drive is incredibly easy to grasp. And yet, all kinds of demands are made of these drives in practice and there is a wide range of designs in use. Apart from technical requirements, the issue of cost is becoming increasingly important. This presents the user with the following challenges: How can the costs associated with procurement, manufacture and installation be reduced? Increasing pressure in terms of costs and the need for greater flexibility call for short delivery times and attractive prices when it comes to procuring the components to be used. This involves taking individual customer requirements into account right from the start. How can I make my system more reliable? Components are expected to deliver high levels of accuracy and quality as well as low maintenance costs. How can I make my system more cost-effective? When combined with the right thread drive, high speeds and more power make it possible to use a system more cost-effectively. 4

5 Ball screws Danaher Motion screw drives: We can offer the right solution for your drive task. Danaher Motion is the world's leading manufacturer of thread drives. Our products are used in some of the most demanding sectors of industry. Example applications include machine tools, handling machinery, technical devices used within the field of medicine and aviation technology. Our varied product range is bound to contain the right drive for almost any motion task: from very small custom thread drives for highly sensitive medical devices right through to ball screws for high-performance machine tools with very high demands in terms of speed and rigidity. We have made it our business to provide our customers with the perfect solution for their applications, whatever their requirements in terms of loads, speed, rigidity, accuracy, service life and reliability. Thanks to our 30 years' experience and impeccable quality management, we can guarantee you the very highest levels of performance, quality and reliability. 5

6 Ball screw Our ball screws are ideal for use in all technological and mechanical engineering applications. These mainly include: Machine tools Aircraft construction Wood working Handling equipment, industrial robots Printing and paper machines Traffic engineering Medical equipment Measuring technology The balls, which roll between the spindle shaft and the nut, offer optimum levels of efficiency (up to 98%). As a result, ball screws, unlike trapezoidal screws, are not capable of self locking A ball screw is a driving element for converting rotary motion into axial motion and vice versa. A ball screw consists of a spindle shaft, a nut system featuring a ball return and the balls themselves. Efficiency [%] Nut Balls Spindle shaft Lead angle [ ] Fig. 1 F a M e A Efficiency for ball screws according to Fig. 1 B Efficiency for ball screws according to Fig. 2 C Efficiency for trapezoidal screw Action: Torque M e Reaction: Force F a Nut Spindle shaft F e Balls M a Advantages of ball screws compared to trapezoidal screws: More accurate positioning throughout entire service life Less wear, longer service life Less drive power required Less heat generated Higher travel speeds No stick/slip effect Fig. 2 Action: Force F e Reaction: Torque M a 6

7 Kugelgewindetriebe Preloading methods If the ball nut unit is preloaded on the ball screw, the following results can be achieved: Increased positioning accuracy Increased rigidity in the nut area Reduced width of backlash Preloading with 2-point ball contact: Standard preloading force: 10% of dynamic rated load Designs: Preloaded double nut FZ Preloaded single nut with internal thread shift FL Preloaded single nut with internal thread shift between individual threads (only where there is more than one thread) Preloading with 4-point ball contact: Standard preloading force: 4% of dynamic rated load Design: Preloaded single nut with oversized ball bearings FK Note: Allows shorter nut lengths to be used Not suitable for all applications due to increased levels of sliding friction, but provides a cost-effective solution in certain cases 7

8 Tolerance classes P Positioning ball screws T Transport ball screws Indirect measuring system Direct measuring system Rotary encoder Linear measuring system Stepper motor Limit switch Type and tolerance class Permissible distance deviation across 300 mm distance in µm Type and tolerance class P1 6 µm T1 P3 12 µm T3 P5 23 µm T5 52 µm T7 From stock Available on order 8

9 Ball screws Manufacturing range Sizes used Nominal diameter d [mm] U u 5 U u U u U u U u U u U u U * u 10 U * u U u U * u U u U u U u U u U u U u u u u 15 u u u u u Nominal lead P h0 [mm] 16 U * u g 20 U u U u U u U g u U g u U g u U g u u g u g u 25 U u u u u u u g u g u g u g 30 u u g u g u g u g u g 32 U u u g u 35 u 40 U g u U g u U g * u u g u g u g u g u g 50 U U u 63 u U = Rolled (goods stocked) u = Ground/fluidised g = Heavy load * = From September

10 Rolled spindles P3 spindles for ball screws with a lead accuracy of 0.012/300 mm General specifications Nom. diam. Nominal lead Ball size Spindle specifications Core Std. diam. spindle d 2 length Extern. diam. d 1 Max. spindle length Type FK individual nuts, flange-type design with standard leads Type FH individual nuts, flangetype design with steep leads Type FL single nuts, flange-type design with fixed preload General specifications Nom. diam. Nominal lead Ball size Spindle specifications Core Std. diam. spindle d 2 length Extern. diam. d 1 Max. spindle length 10 Type ZG individual nuts, cylindrical design with outer threads * *Without wiper

11 Ball screws P3 nuts for ball screws with axial clearance or small/medium preload See fold-out page 46 for an explanation of nut dimensions. D 1 g6 D 4 D 5 D 6 h13 L ±1 L m +1 L 1 +2 L Limit values for medium preload - within the specified torque range Torque range (Nm) M20x1 M6x1 n/a n/a M30x1.5 M6x M35x1.5 M6x M40x1.5 M6x M40x1.5 M6x M48x1.5 M6x M48x1.5 M6x M56x1.5 M8x M60x2.0 M8x M60x2.0 M6x M72x2.0 M8x M85x2.0 M8x L 7 h13 L 8 h13 No. of revs Modified dynam. rated load (kn) Limit values for small preload - between zero clearance and maximum preload torque D 1 h12 D 11 D 12 Nut dimensions Nut dimensions D 13 ±0.1 L ±1 L 11 ±0.5 L 12 ±2 L 13 ±2 No. of revs Modified dynam. rated load (kn) Technical data Modified static rated load (kn) Max. axial clearance Technical data Modified static rated load(kn) Max. axial clearance Max. preload torque (Nm) Max. preload torque (Nm)

12 P5/T5 spindles for ball screws with a lead accuracy of 0.023/300 mm Type FK individual nuts, flangetype design with standard leads General specifications Nom. diam. Nominal lead Ball size Spindle specifications Extern. diam. d 1 Core diam. d 2 Std. spindle length Max. spindle length Type FH individual nuts, flangetype design with steep leads General specifications Nom. diam. Nominal lead Ball size Spindle specifications Extern. diam. d 1 Core diam. d 2 Std. spindle length Max. spindle length Type ZG individual nuts, cylindrical design with outer threads * *Without wiper 12

13 Kugelgewindetriebe P5/T5 nuts for ball screws with axial clearance or small preload See fold-out page 46 for an explanation of nut dimensions. Nut dimensions D 1 D 4 D 5 D 6 L L m L 1 L 3 L 7 L 8 g6 h13 ± h13 h Limit values for small preload - between zero clearance and maximum preload torque Technical data No. of revs Modified dynam. rated load (kn) Modified static rated load (kn) Max. axial clearance Max. preload torque (Nm) D 1 h12 D 11 D 12 Nut dimensions D 13 ±0.1 L ±1 L 11 ±0.5 L 12 ±2 L 13 ±2 Technical data Max. preload torque (Nm) 25 M20x1 M6x1 n/a n/a M30x1.5 M6x M35x1.5 M6x M40x1.5 M6x M40x1.5 M6x M48x1.5 M6x M48x1.5 M6x M56x1.5 M8x M60x2.0 M8x M60x2.0 M6x M72x2.0 M8x M85x2.0 M8x No. of revs Modified dynam. rated load (kn) Modified static rated load (kn) Max. axial clearance 13

14 T7 spindles for ball screws with a lead accuracy of 0.052/300 mm General specifications Nom. diam. Nominal lead Ball size Spindle specifications Extern. diam. d 1 Core diam. d 2 Std. spindle length Max. spindle length Type FK individual nuts, flangetype design with standard leads Type FH individual nuts, flangetype design with steep leads General specifications Nom. diam. Nominal lead Ball size Spindle specifications Extern. diam. d 1 Core diam. d 2 Std. spindle length Max. spindle length Type ZG individual nuts, cylindrical design with outer threads * *Without wiper 14

15 Kugelgewindetriebe T7 nuts for ball screws with axial clearance only See fold-out page 46 for an explanation of nut dimensions. Nut dimensions D 1 D 4 D 5 D 6 L L m L 1 L 3 L 7 L 8 g6 h13 ± h13 h13 No. of revs Technical data Modified Modified dynam. static rated load rated (kn) load (kn) Max. axial clearance Nut dimensions D 1 D 11 D 12 D 13 L L 11 L 12 L 13 h12 ±0.1 ±1 ±0.5 ±2 ±2 No. of revs Technical data Modified dynam. rated load (kn) Modified static rated load (kn) Max. axial clearance 25 M20x1 M6x1 n/a n/a M30x1.5 M6x M35x1.5 M6x M40x1.5 M6x M40x1.5 M6x M48x1.5 M6x M48x1.5 M6x M56x1.5 M8x M60x2.0 M8x M60x2.0 M6x M72x2.0 M8x M85x2.0 M8x M110x2.0 M8x M110x2.0 M8x

16 Bearing units for ball screws - fixed bearing Type BK block Ød1 hole ØJ counter bore Q depth S ± Part number W H S BK BK BK BK BK BK BK BK BK Type AFK flange - perforated pattern with 4 holes Part number W X S Ød1 hole ØS AFK AFK AFK AFK AFK Type AFK flange - perforated pattern with 6 holes Part number W X S Ød1 hole ØS AFK AFK AFK Standard final machining Type B Type C Part number d 5 d 0 h6 d 7 B or C 12 8 M8x1.0 B or C M10x1.0 B or C M12x1.0 B or C M15x1.0 B or C M17x1.0 B or C M20x1.0 B or C M25x1.5 B or C M30x1.5 B or C M40x

17 Kugelgewindetriebe Dimensions R T X K d 1 J Q M L A E F V Bearing type Technical data Rated axial load (kn) Max. permiss. load (kn) M8x EN M10x A M12x A M15x A M15x A M20x A M25x A M30x B M40x B Dimensions K L A. E V d 1 P M ( ) Bearing type Technical data Rated axial load (kn) Max. permiss. load (kn) M8x M10x A M12x A M15x A M20x B Dimensions K L A E V d 1 P M ( ) Bearing type Technical data Rated axial load (kn) Max. permiss. load (kn) M25x B M30x B M40x B d 8 Dimensions B h7 L 29 L 31 L 32 L 34 P9 T L 33 L 35 Note 6 47/ / BK/AFK BK only

18 Bearing for ball screws - single Type BF block Ød1 hole ØJ counter bore Q depth Part number W H S BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF Type AFF flange - perforated pattern with 4 holes Ød1 hole ØJ counter bore Q depth ØS Part number W X S AFF AFF AFF AFF AFF Type AFF flange - perforated pattern with 6 holes Ød1 hole ØJ counter bore Q depth ØS Part number W X S AFF AFF AFF Standard final machining Type D d 5 d 6 Part d 0 h6 h12 number D D D D D D D D D

19 Kugelgewindetriebe Dimensions Technical data R T X K d 1 J Q L E Bearing type Rated radial load (kn) Dimensions Technical data K L E N d 1 J Q P ( ) Bearing type Rated axial load (kn) Dimensions Technical data K L E N d 1 J Q P ( ) Bearing type Rated axial load (kn) Dimensions L 27 L 23 L 24 H

20 Ground spindles Usual sizes for tolerance classes 1, 3 and 5 in accordance with DIN 69051/5 Single-threaded ball screws Nom. Ø Lead Ball Ø Modified dynamic rated loads C am [kn] Modified static rated loads C 0am [kn] Number of bearing revolutions Number of bearing revolutions d 0 P h0 D w D From stock DIN heavy-duty range 20

21 Ball screws Rigidity of nut unit at preload F pr = 0.1 x C am Min. rigidity R nu, ar [kn/µm] Nut lengths L [mm] Number of bearing revolutions Number of bearing revolutions

22 Usual sizes for tolerance classes 1, 3 and 5 in accordance with DIN 69051/5 Single-threaded ball screws Nom. Ø Lead Ball Ø Modified dynamic rated loads C am [kn] Modified static rated loads C 0am [kn] Number of bearing revolutions Number of bearing revolutions d 0 P h0 D w D From stock DIN heavy-duty range 22

23 Ball screws Rigidity of nut unit at preload F pr = 0.1 x C am Min. rigidity R nu, ar [kn/µm] Nut lengths L [mm] Number of bearing revolutions Number of bearing revolutions

24 Usual sizes for tolerance classes 1, 3 and 5 in accordance with DIN 69051/5 Double-threaded ball screws Nom. Ø Lead Ball Ø Modified dynamic rated loads C am [kn] Modified static rated loads C 0am [kn] Number of bearing revolutions Number of bearing revolutions d 0 P h0 D w From stock DIN heavy-duty range 24

25 Ball screws Rigidity of nut unit at a preload F pr = 0.1 x C am Min. rigidity R nu, ar [kn/µm] Diameter D1 [mm] Nut lengths L [mm] Number of bearing revolutions Number of bearing revolutions Number of bearing revolutions * * 43* *

26 Nut dimensions with DIN flange Thread for lubri- Nominal sizes Drill-hole image Mounting screws cant connection Maximum operating force for screws Tightening torque for screws d 0 x P h0 D 1 D 4 D 5 D 6 L 1 L 3 L 7 L 8 L 10 D 7 F b max. T a kn Nm g6 h13 Min. Min. Max. h13 h13 Dyn. Stat. ø 16 x 5 ø 28 ø 38 1 ø 5.5 M5 ø M ø 16 x > 5 ø 32 ø 42 1 ø 5.5 M5 ø M ø 20 x 1 ø 36 ø 47 1 ø 6.6 M6 ø M ø 25 x 5 ø 40 ø 51 1 ø 6.6 M6 ø M ø 32 x 10 ø 50 ø 65 1 ø 9.0 M8 ø M ø 32 x > 10 ø 56 ø 71 1 ø 9.0 M8 ø M ø 40 x 10 ø 63 ø 78 2 ø 9.0 M8 ø M8 x ø 40 x 10 ø 63 ø 78 2 ø 9.0 M8 ø M8 x ø 40 x 10 ø 70 ø 85 2 ø 9.0 M8 ø M8 x ø 50 x 10 ø 75 ø 93 2 ø11.0 M10 ø M8 x ø 50 x > 10 ø 75 ø 93 2 ø11.0 M10 ø M8 x ø 50 x > 10 ø 82 ø100 2 ø11.0 M10 ø M8 x ø 63 x 10 ø 90 ø108 2 ø11.0 M10 ø M8 x ø 63 x > 10 ø 95 ø115 2 ø13.5 M12 ø M8 x ø 63 x > 10 ø105 ø125 2 ø13.5 M12 ø M8 x ø 80 x 10 ø105 ø125 2 ø13.5 M12 ø M8 x ø 80 x > 10 ø125 ø145 2 ø13.5 M12 ø M8 x ø 80 x > 10 ø135 ø155 2 ø13.5 M12 ø M8 x ø100 x 10 ø125 ø145 2 ø13.5 M12 ø M8 x ø100 x > 10 ø150 ø176 2 ø17.5 M16 ø M8 x ø100 x > 10 ø160 ø186 2 ø17.5 M16 ø M8 x ø125 x 10 ø150 ø176 2 ø17.5 M16 ø M8 x ø125 x > 10 ø170 ø196 2 ø17.5 M16 ø M8 x ø125 x > 10 ø200 ø233 2 ø22.0 M20 ø M8 x ø160 x > 10 ø210 ø243 2 ø22.0 M20 ø M8 x ø160 x > 10 ø260 ø300 2 ø22.0 M20 ø M8 x ø200 x 20 ø250 ø290 2 ø26.0 M24 ø M8 x ø200 x > 20 ø300 ø340 2 ø26.0 M24 ø M8 x DIN heavy-duty range 26

27 Ball screws 1 Wiper Drill-hole image 1 Drill-hole image 2 L: Depending on the number of ball revolutions on pages d 3 d 0 D w D w = ball ø 27

28 Heavy-duty range Individual nuts with clearance. Please contact us regarding clearance details. Diameter x Dynamic Static rated lead rated load load D 1 D 4 D 5 D 6 D 7 L L 1 L 3 L 7 L 8 L 10 d 0 x P h0 C am [kn] C 0am [kn] g6 h13 h13 h13 40 x * M8x x * M8x x M8x x M8x x M8x x M8x x M8x x M8x x M8x x M8x x M8x Drill-hole image 2 1 Wiper 28

29 Ball screws Calculation Speeds Limit speed n l [rpm] Tolerance class TC 5 > 5 n l [rpm] 140, ,000 d [mm] 0 d [mm] 0 Critical speed 1A n cr [rpm] n crp = 0.8. n. cr f cr > n max [rpm] d n cr = [rpm] d d 0 + d 3 [mm] 2 / cr 2 d 3 d 0 D w [mm] D w = ball ø index p permissible 2 1B 3 4 Example: d 0 = 63 mm; l cr = 2700 mm Bearing 3 n cr = 970 rpm f cr = 1.56 n crp = n crp = 1210 rpm 29

30 Calculation Buckling load Buckling load F c [N] 1A 2 1B 3 4 F cp = 0.8. F. c f c F max. [N] F c = d 4 [N] D w = ball ø l c 2 Index p permissible d d 0 + d 3 [mm] d 3 d 0 D w 2 l c [mm] Size Example d 0 = 63 mm l c = 5200 mm Bearing 3 F c = 45 kn f c = 2 F cp = F cp = 72 kn 30

31 Ball screws Calculation Service life Installation Service life n m = n S i = 1 n i ( n q i 100 [rpm] F F m = m S n i q 1/3 i = F 3 i = 1 i [N] 100 n m ) S n i = 1 F n q 3 mi i ( i n m 100) 1/3 [N] Modified service life in revolutions L 10 = [ ]3 C am F m n m F m = Equivalent speed = Equivalent load L h10 = L 10 Modified service life in hours C am = Modified dyn. rated load [N] n m. 60 Rated load/service life calculation based on DIN /4 Load transmission Optimum Please contact us regarding radial forces. Installation tolerances 31

32 Calculations - efficiency, torques Efficiency h Efficiency is affected by many operating influences as well as geometric data. This means that practical values may fluctuate in relation to the calculated values by ± 5%. Theoretical efficiency (h) when converting torque into axial force is calculated as follows: Theoretical efficiency (h ) when converting axial force into torque is calculated as follows: tan j h = tan(j + r ) P h0 With tan j = d 0. p tan (j - r ) h = tanj With tan j = P h0 d 0. p The theoretical level of efficiency is reduced by around 5% to make allowances for operating influences such as speed, temperature and lubrication. If the ratio of load F to dynamic rated load C am is less than 0.5, a further reduction is made based on the load factor f l (see table below). The resulting efficiency only applies to the ball screw. The figure assumes the ball screw is lubricated but has no wiper or spindle bearing. If you are interested in special measures for improving efficiency, please contact us. Friction angle r (rhò) r = 0.23 With tol. class P and T1 T3 r = 0.34 With tol. class T5 P h0 + See tables of dimensions d 0 F Cam f l Example F = 10,000 C am 53,900 tan j = 10 = p j = 4.55 Practical efficiency after running in F = 10,000 N C am = 53,900 N h = 0.08 h = tan ( ) h p = h 0.95 f I h p = h p = 0.88 ± 5% F = Axial load C am = Dyn. rated load f l = Load factor j = Lead angle (phi) Torques T a ; T e Converting torque into axial force produces a driving torque of: Converting axial force into torque produces an output torque of: h (êta) h p h p = Theor. efficiency = Pract. efficiency T a = Driving torque [Nm] Ta = F. P h0 [Nm] p. h p Te = F P h0 h p p [Nm] T e = Output torque [Nm] 32

33 Ball screws Rigidity - miscellaneous Rigidity R The total rigidity R tot of a ball screw is based on the rigidity of spindle R s and the rigidity of nut unit R nu, ar. The rigidity specifications for R nu, ar on page 11 ff. are minimum specifications and are based on the nut/spindle area under tension taking an accuracy factor into account. Total rigidity (without a bearing) is calculated as follows: = + [N/µm] R tot R s R nu, ar Spindle rigidity depends on the type of bearing. Fixed bearing on one side Fixed bearing on both sides A. E R s1 = l [N/µm] A. E l R s2 =. [N/µm] l 2 l / 2 l l - l 2 E = N/mm 2 R s2 min at l 2 = l / 2 l, l 1, l 2 [mm] d P h , 20 10, A [mm 2 ] A = spindle cross-section 33

34 Acceptance test conditions Permissible distance deviations Type P Positioning ball screws Type T Transport ball screws l 1 = Axial thread length l u = Useful distance l e = Overrun = Tab. 2 l 0 = Nominal distance D l 0 = Distance deviation P1 3 P5 T v 300 p Perm. distance fluctuation across 300 mm distance Tab. 1 Tab. 1 Tab. 1 v 2p p Perm. distance fluctuation across 2p distance Tab. 1 Tab. 1 c Distance compensation -0.01/ ep Limit deviations for useful distance l u Tab. 3 Tab. 3 v up Perm. distance fluctuation across useful distance l u Tab. 3 Tab. 3 l u 2.. V 300p 300 Tab. 1 TC v 300 p [µm] v 2p p [µm] Tab. 2 Nominal lead P h0 [mm] > 20 Overrun l e [mm] Tab. 3 l u > e p Tolerance class TC v up e p [µm] v up 5 e p v up

35 Ball screws Acceptance test conditions Acceptance Description t 5 Radial runout for determining degree of straightness Tolerance class d 0 [mm] l x [mm] Permissible deviation t > > p [µm] t 5 max. for l 1 /d 0 40 t 5 max. for < l 1 /d 0 60 t 5 max. for < l 1 /d 0 80 t 5 max. for < l 1 /d d 0 l 11 > > t 6 Radial runout t 6 is selected in line with d 0 and l 11. The larger of the two values applies

36 Acceptance test conditions Acceptance Description d 0 [mm] l 12 [mm] Radial runout t 7 is selected in line with d 0 and l 12. t 7 The larger of the two values applies t 9 ; t 10 D 6 ; D Permissible deviation t 8 Axial runout Axial and radial runout for preloaded nut units or nut units with no clearance > > TC t p [µm] > Idling torque (T p ) based on preload (F p ) at the nut unit n const = 100 rpm ISO VG 100 lubricating oil F r ; F t T pa = F r. r With wiper T t = F t. r Nominal idling torque Permissible deviation T p0 (%) T p0 [Nm] For > l u d 0 40 and l u 4000 mm Limit frequency for acceptance equipment = 1 Hz T p0 ; T pa ± D T pa T pa D T p0 ± D T p0 For l u d 0 60 and l u 4000 mm t l u For d 0 60 and l u 4000 mm l u - L L Nut length a Actual p Permissible 0 Nominal t Total l u - L T p

37 Ball screws Material Part Material Norm Rigidity Heat treatment R m R e [N/mm 2 ] [N/mm 2 ] Spindle ~ Cf 53 N DIN HRC inductive hardened Nut Antifriction bearing steel (100 Cr 6 or higher quality) DIN > 800 > HRC hardened Scraper Polyamid 6.6 PPN 7190 TV 40 Nylon Ball 100 Cr 6 DIN ± 2 HRC Special material as well as heat and surface treatment on request. Max. operation temperature -30 C bis +100 C. Any other case of operation only on request. Bushing Locking Spindle

38 Example scenarios involving axial angular ball bearings for precision ball screws A1 ZKLF A2 ZKLF 2AP Nominal ø INA axial angular ball bearings INA grooved nut Spindle ends d ZKLF C ax C 0ax R al ZMA ZM d 2h5 d 3 d 4 d 5 L 1 L 2 L 3 0 ZKLF 2AP kn kn N/µm M12 x / M15 x 1.0 M17 x AP AP AP AP AP AP M17 x 1.0 M20 x / M20 x 1.0 M25 x / M25 x 1.5 M30 x / M35 x 1.5 M40x / M40 x 1.5 M45 x / M50 x 1.5 M55 x

39 Ball screws A3 ZM ZMA A4 ZKLF 2AP L 4 L 5 L 6 L 7 L 8 L 9 L 10 L ZM (A) ZKLF

40 Example scenarios involving INA cylindrical roller bearings for ball screws ø 1 1 B1 B2 Nominal ø INA cylindrical roller bearings ZARF TN/LTN ZARN TN/LTN INA grooved nut ZM/ZMV ZMA/ZMVA Spindle ends d 0 C a C 0a R al d 2 d 3 d 4 d 5 L 1 L 2 L 3 Size Size kn kn N/µm /38 20/38 17 M17 x 1.0 M20 x /38 25/45 20 M20 x 1.0 M25 x /45 30/52 25 M25 x 1.5 M30 x /58 30/52 25 M25 x 1.5 M30 x /70 40/75 35 M35 x 1.5 M40 x /85 50/92 45 M45 x 1.5 M50 x /98 60/98 55 M55 x 2.0 M60 x

41 Ball screws B3 B4 ZARF LTN ZARN LTN L 4 L 5 L 6 L 7 L 8 L 9 L 10 L ZARF TN ZARN TN

42 Lubrication Correct lubrication for ball screws is not only essential in terms of achieving the expected service life, but also has an impact on smooth running properties, heat generation during operation and idling torque. In principle, the types of oil and grease used for rolling bearings are suitable for this purpose. Unless the customer has specified otherwise, the function acceptance process is performed at Danaher Motion using an oil in accordance with ISO VG100. Lubrication using oil Generally speaking, CL oils are used in this context for increasing corrosion protection and durability. Alloyed CLP oils with EP additives can also be used. The appropriate level of viscosity depends on the circumferential speed (in other words, diameter and speed) and the ambient or expected operating temperature. The amount of oil required per ball revolution lies somewhere between 0.3 and 0.5 cm 3 /h, depending on the speed. Only 1/10 of this amount is needed if liquid grease is used. For oil bath lubrication, it is enough for the oil level to reach half way up the lowest lying ball if the mounting position is horizontal. Use the diagram below to determine the viscosity level. Example: KGT63 x 10 Average speed n m = 200 rpm Operating temperature t = 25 C For a nominal diameter of 63 mm and n m = 200 rpm the diagram on the left shows a viscosity v 1 of 110 mm 2 /s. When this value is transferred to the diagram on the right, the point of intersection at a temperature of 25 C lies between ISO VG46 and ISO VG68. In order to ensure there is an adequate lubricating film during all operating states, the higher value should be selected in each case. This would be ISO VG68 in the current case, although even higher levels may be required for longer running times where fatigue may be an issue. The appropriate oils with this viscosity class can be selected from the table of lubricants shown below. Average speed n m Lubrication using grease Grease can also be used to lubricate ball screws. This approach allows longer intervals between each lubrication. Given that a small amount of grease escapes from the nut and remains on the spindle with each stroke of the ball screw, even when the wipers are working as well as they can, the amount of grease available reduces during operation. This limits the length of time the ball screw can be used without being regreased. The expected service life L 10 can only be achieved if the grease lost is replaced by means of a centralised lubrication system or a lubrication schedule tailored to the application in question. Manual regreasing can achieve an average of around 700 extra service hours. This figure can vary considerably, however, depending on the machine design and the conditions under which it is used. Lubricating greases are divided into NLGI classes based on their penetration level in accordance with DIN Under normal conditions (operating temperatures between -20 C and +120 C), waterproof greases from class K2K-20 in accordance with DIN should be used for ball screws. Greases from class K1K-20 (very high speeds) or KP2K-20 (very high loads or low speeds) can be used for special applications. Greases which do not share the same saponification basis should not be mixed. The manufacturer must be consulted if operating temperatures are going to be higher or lower than the values specified. When deciding how much grease to use, look to fill about half of the space available. In order to avoid the ball screws heating up unnecessarily as a result of excess grease, machine designs should ensure that waste or superfluous grease is able to escape. If you have any additional questions concerning lubrication, please consult our engineering consultants. Calculation for determining volume when regreasing (using grease) d 0 x P h x D w x i 0.7 V RL = 1250 V RL = Regreasing volume [g] d 0 = Nominal diameter of spindle [mm] P h = Lead [mm] D w = Diameter of ball [mm] i = Number of revolutions in nut When lubricating a dummy nut, multiply the volume calculated by 2.5. Viskositär Viscosity Bezugsviskosität 42 Nenn Betriebstemperatur

43 Ball screws Recommended lubricants Viscosity ISO BP CASTROL ESSO TOTAL FINA VG 68 Energol RC 68 Hyspin AWS 68 Teresso 68 Hydran G 68 Energol HLP-D 68 Hyspin SP 68 Spartan EP 68 Energol GR-XP 68 Vario HDX Alpha SP 68 Febis K 68* Maccurat 68D* Alpha MW 68 Magnaglide D 68* VG 100 Energol RC 100 Hyspin AWS 100 Circulating oil 100 Hydran G 100 Energol GR-XP 100 Hyspin SP 100 Spartan EP 100 Alpha SP 100 Alpha MW 100 VG 150 Energol RC 150 Alpha SP 150 Nuto 150 Hydran G 150 Energol GR-XP 150 Alpha MW 150 Spartan EP 150 VG200 Energol CS-HB 220 Alpha SP 220 Nuto 220 Hydran G 220 Energol GR-XP 220 Alpha MW 220 Spartan EP 220 Maccurat 220D* Magnaglide D 220* Febis K 220* No ISO K 1 K 20 Energrease LS 1 Available on request Beakon EP 1 Marson L 1 K 2 K 20 Energrease LS 2 Castrol Spheerol AP 2 Beakon 2 Marson L 2 Multi-purpose grease L 2 Castrol product 783/46 Unirex N 2 EXXON multi-purpose grease KP 2 K 20 Energrease LS-EP 2 Castrol ALV Beakon EP 2 Marson EPL 2 BP long-life grease Castrol product 783/46 Ronex MP-D Viscosity ISO VG 68 VG 100 VG 150 VG200 No ISO K 1 K 20 K 2 K 20 KP 2 K 20 KLÜBER Crucolan 68 Klüberoil GEM1-68 Crucolan 100 Klüberoil GEM1-100 Crucolan 150 Klüberoil GEM1-150 Crucolan 220 Klüberoil GEM1-220 Centoplex 1 DL Centoplex 2 Centoplex GLP 402 Isoflex NBU 15 Staburags NBU 8 EP MOBIL Vactra Oil Heavy Medium Mobilgear 626/Vactra Oil No. 2* Vactra Oil Heavy Mobilgear 627 Vactra Oil Extra Heavy Mobilgear 627 Mobil DTE Oil BB Mobilgear 630/Vactra Oil No. 4* Mobilith AW1: (not available in Germany) Mobilux EP1: (not available in Germany) Mobilux 2 Mobilux EP2 Mobilgrease HP

44 Contact address Company: Address: Contact: Contact: Phone: Phone: Fax: Fax: Ball screw parameters Diameter: mm Lead: mm Direction of lead: Clockwise Anticlockwise Precision: /300 mm Nut design: No clearance: Preloaded: Clearance: Stroke length: mm Track length: mm Total length: mm Application: Environment: Lubrication: Oil Grease Quantity: Annual requirement: Quantity: Delivery lot Mounting the ball screw Drive unit: Spindle Nut Mounting position: Horizontal Vertical Diagonal Maximum speed: Rpm Maximum load: kn Bearing scenario: Tight-tight Loose-tight Loose-loose Free-tight Load/service life specifications Usage: % Load Speed Time period (N) (N) (N) Required service life: Required service life: Minimum dynamic load: x10 6 rev. hrs kn F 1 F 2 F 3 Module construction options Spindles, cut to length, with ready-mounted nuts Spindles, cut to length, with separately supplied nuts Spindles, annealed ends, with ready-mounted nuts Spindles, annealed ends, with separately supplied nuts Spindles, fully machined, with ready-mounted nuts Spindles, fully machined, with ready-mounted nuts and bearing units 44

45 Ball screws Applications Installing a rotating ball nut 1 2 Ölbad INA products 1: Axial angular ball bearing ZKLF 2Z 2: Precision nut ZMA Packaging, transport, storage, installation, lubrication, assembly, final machining 1. Storage/packaging Requirements for up to 6 months' storage in dry conditions: Protect with Castrol Safecoat DW 36 X. Ball screws to be wrapped in plastic film with kieselguhr packet. 2. Installation 2.1 Misalignment shortens service life. 2.2 Ball screws should be cleaned using an environmentally friendly substance before installation. 2.3 Treat with the designated lubricant immediately after cleaning. Installing a safety nut We recommend using a safety nut if the ball screw is being installed in a vertical direction. This will take the load if the ball nut is destroyed as a result of powerful forces. Safety nut 3. Lubrication by the customer (see page 32 ff.) 4. Removal of ball nuts by the customer These should only be removed when absolutely necessary. To prevent balls being lost, the nut should be screwed onto a sleeve. Service offer 5. Installation by the customer The installation process is performed in reverse. Do not use unnecessary force when screwing the nut onto the ball screw. 6. Adjustment of ball nuts by the customer We recommend that any alterations to the preload are either made at the factory or on site by our customer service personnel. 7. Final machining 7.1 Cover the ball nut on the ball screw. 7.2 Remove any hard areas by grinding or annealing them at around 900 C and then rotating the spindle. 7.3 Straighten any ball screws which may have become skewed. We are able to perform expert repair work on ball screws at short notice, both at our own and our customers' premises. This service is also available for products manufactured by other companies. Our standard range enables replacement items to be provided at short notice. 45