BASED ON BREED SURVEY 2013

Transcription

1 ESTIMATED LIVESTOCK POPULATION BREED WISE BASED ON BREED SURVEY 2013 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE & FARMERS WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY, DAIRYING & FISHERIES (ANIMAL HUSBANDRY STATISTICS DIVISION) KRISHI BHAWAN, NEW DELHI

2 ESTIMATED LIVESTOCK POPULATION BREED WISE BASED ON BREED SURVEY 2013 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE & FARMERS WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY, DAIRYING & FISHERIES (ANIMAL HUSBANDRY STATISTICS DIVISION) KRISHI BHAWAN, NEW DELHI

3 CONTENT CHAPTER 1 (An Overview of Breed Survey) 1-2 CHAPTER 2 (Technical e) Introduction Data Entry, Data validation & Report Generation: Sampling frame, Sample Selection and number of samples covered 5 Table Number of sample villages covered Field Survey Schedules Methodology Breeds covered 7 Table 2.7 Breeds covered under Breed Survey Shortcomings and corrective measures Age- structure 10 CHAPTER 3 (Cattle) Introduction Cattle Exotic and Crossbred 15 Table 3.2: Breed wise estimated number of animals under Exotic and Crossbred Cattle 15 Graph 3.2 Percentage share of various breeds in Exotic/ Crossbred cattle Cattle Indigenous 16 Table 3.3 Breed-wise estimated number of animals under Indigenous cattle 16 Graph 3.3 Percentage Contribution of Various major Indigenous Breeds : Indigenous Cattle : Pure & Breeds 18 Graph 3.4 percentage share between pure and graded cattle 18 CHAPTER 4 (Buffaloes) Introduction Breed Group of Buffalo 21 Graph 4.2 (A) Distribution of total buffaloes population 21 Table 4.2 Breed-wise estimated number of animals under Indigenous Buffaloes 21 Graph 4.2 (B) Percentage contribution various breeds of buffalo 22 oi

4 4.3 Buffalo: Indigenous & Breeds 22 Graph 4.3 percentage share of pure & breeds of buffalo 22 CHAPTER 5 (Sheep) Introduction 25 Graph 5.1 Percentage share of Exotic/Crossbred, Indigenous and Non-descript Exotic/Crossbred Sheep 25 Table: 5.2 Breed wise estimated Number of Exotic/Crossbred Sheep 25 Graph 5.2 percentage share of various Exotic/Crossbred sheep Indigenous Sheep 26 Table 5.3 Breed wise estimated number of animals under indigenous sheep 26 Graph 5.3 Percentage share of Indigenous sheep including Non-descript Population Sheep Indigenous: Pure & Breeds 28 Graph 5.4 Percentage share of pure and sheep 28 CHAPTER 6 (Goat) Introduction 31 Graph 6.1(A) Percentage share of indigenous and Non-descript goat 31 Table: 6.1 Breed wise estimated number of indigenous animals under goat. 31 Graph 6.1(B): Percentage share of Indigenous goat including Non-descript population Goat Indigenous: Pure & Breeds 33 Graph 6.2 Percentage share of Pure and Goat 33 CHAPTER 7 (Pig) Introduction 37 Graph 7.1 Percentage share of Exotic, Crossbred, Indigenous and Non-descript Pigs Exotic/Crossbred Pigs 37 Table 7.2 Breed wise estimated number of Exotic and Crossbred Pigs 37 Graph 7.2 percentage share of Exotic and Crossbred Pigs Indigenous Pigs: 38 Table 7.3 Breed wise estimated number of Indigenous pig 38 Graph 7.3 percentage share of Indigenous Pigs including Non-descript 38 CHAPTER 8 (Horses & Ponies) Introduction 41 oii

5 Table 8.1 Breed wise estimated number of animals under Horses & Ponies 41 Graph 8.1 Percentage share of various breeds of Horses & Ponies 41 CHAPTER 9 (Mules & Donkeys) Introduction 45 Table 9.1 Breeds wise estimated number of indigenous animal under Mules and Donkeys 45 Graph 9.1 Mules & Donkeys Mules 45 Table 9.2 Estimated Number of Mules Donkeys 46 Table 9.3 Estimated Number of Donkeys 46 Graph 9.3 Percentage share of indigenous Donkeys 46 CHAPTER 10 (Camels) Introduction 49 Table 10.1 Breed wise estimated number of Indigenous animal under Camels. 49 Graph 10.1 Percentage share of indigenous camels including Non-descript 49 ANNEXURE 51 Annexure-I 51 (State wise details of Exotic/Crossbred and Indigenous Cattle by Age, Sex and Use) Annexure-II 105 (State wise details of Indigenous Buffaloes by Age, Sex and Use) Annexure-III 133 (State wise details of Exotic/Crossbred and Indigenous Sheep by Age, Sex and Use) Annexure -IV 155 (State wise details of Indigenous Goats by Age, Sex and Use) Annexure-V 175 (State wise Details of Exotic/Crossbred and Indigenous Pigs by Age, Sex and Use) Annexure-VI 189 (State wise details of Horses & Ponies by Age, Sex and Use) Annexure-VII 205 (State wise details of Mules & Donkey by Age, Sex and Use) Annexure-VIII 213 (State wise Details of Indigenous Camels by Age, Sex and Use) oiii

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7 * TRcT ^TT^R Secretary Government of India Ashok K. Angurana * TRcf TRTFTT ^ fcptr ^TE^T, f^vft Government of India Ministry of Agriculture Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi FOREWORD August 28, 2015 The Animal Husbandry and Livestock Sectors are integral part of agriculture and rural economy of our country. The development in the sector is dependent upon how the policies and programmes are evolved in line with the specific needs of the livestock farmers. Though the Livestock Census conducted in the year 2012 captured the total number of livestock available in the country, the census did not drill down to providing a picture on the distribution of the number of animals in various breeds in every livestock species. Thus the cpt of Breed Survey as a sample survey was evolved in order to estimate the number of animals in various breeds of 13 livestock species across the country. The Breed Survey, though separately conducted, was envisaged as part of the overall activities under 19 th Livestock Census 2012 and the estimates are derived by disintegrating the figures of livestock census. Therefore, the Breed Survey results provide useful insight into the results of Livestock Census as well by maintaining the consistency in the reporting periods. I am sure that the report will be highly useful in view of the current initiatives and importance accorded for the development of indigenous breeds and their protection. I understand that multiple exercises have been carried out in completing the Breed Survey and publishing this report. Thanks are therefore due to the officials and staff of the Animal Husbandry Departments of the participating States and UTs without whose whole- hearted cooperation this Breed Survey could not have been undertaken and completed, i would also like to congratulate Shri S,K, Das, Adviser (Statistics) and his team of officers and staff in the Statistics Division of the Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries for their untiring efforts in bringing out this voluminous and useful publication. I sincerely hope that the report will be useful to all stakeholders for planning and policy making purposes as well as for research and academic uses. I also invite critical comments and suggestions on this report in the interest of bringing out improvements during the 2Q 1h Livestock Census scheduled in (Ashok K. Angurana) seeyahd@nic.in * Tei. : * Fax ;

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9 HRtf TP?<J>T7 Tel. : Fax : c Hc+'UMfeM f^httl Government of India Ministry of Agriculture Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries Behind State Bank of India, Delhi Milk Scheme Complex, Shadipur Depot, New Delhi PREFACE Domestic animals are raised for home use or profit, especially on a farm is termed as Livestock. In Indian context, Cattle Buffaloes, SheepT Goats and Pigs, Camel, Horses 8o Ponies, MuleT Donkeys, Yak & Mithun constitute major livestock in terms of their population. Rearing of livestock is for its economic value in terms of its products for nutritional supplements such as milk, egg and meat. Livestock are also raised for other domestic use such as ploughing, carting etc. All such activities are meant for domestic use or profit. There are large numbers of breed available to these livestock species having a distinctive appearance and typically having been developed bv deliberate selection. In other words, breed are having common ancestors and sharing certain traits that are not shared with other members of the same species. Livestock census 2012 was conducted to count the species wise livestock irrespective of their scientifically accepted breed. The National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR ) has registered 143 breeds of 13 livestock species and the survey was conducted for all such registered breed. Breed Survey was undertaken on sample basis in order to work out the number of animals in indigenous breeds of thirteen selected species of livestock. The purpose of separation of Breed Survey from Livestock Census is to minimise the work load and simplify the schedule of 19 lh Livestock Census. The Technical Committee constituted for \9 lh Livestock Census had recommended conducting this survey on 15% sample villages and selected urban pockets so as to derive the proportion of the number of animals belong to various breeds of every species. The methodology used in the survey as well as various breeds covered including the breed codes etc. arc illustrated in the report. The survey was conducted with active participation of all States/UTs, KEGNICS Bengaluru, the agency selected for data entry and report generation, has technical support for the report. The team of my Division has rigorous monitoring & supervision to bring out the report. The report contains twelve chapters including a Technical e. These chapters gives analytical view of the breed composition in each species indicating the estimated number of animals based on the results of the survey. The analyses were also made more interactive depicting graphical representation of the derived results where ever possible. The details of age, sex distribution of every breed separately for rural and urban areas for all thirteen species are appended in annexure of the report.

10 New Delhi August 2015

11 CHAPTER -1 An Overview of Breed Survey Livestock Census actually refers to the headcounts of livestock species in the country. The first livestock census was launched in pre-independent era of by the erstwhile British Government. The main purpose of the census was to ascertain the production of livestock and introduced taxation policies on livestock. Nonetheless it was also important to have an idea on profitability of livestock rearing by the common people. The census generated such results to take policy decisions on livestock sector. The 2 nd livestock census was also carried out across the country in on similar lines. The first livestock census was carried out in post independent era in by the Government of India. The census results were the paramount importance for the government to take policy decision in the sector but the census work was carried out by the State Government by mobilizing resources from the states which results in inadequate attention and halfhearted work in the census. The livestock census was carried out by the Directorate of Economics and Statistics of respective state governments under overall supervision of Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture. Initially the census work was on matching-sharing basis. Due to the financial resource crunch of different state governments, the work was not getting the appropriate attention and spill-over for larger time frame for the census. Due to resource crunch, several State Governments even did not complete the census work and results were prepared based on growth rate of the states or neighbouring states and projected population for livestock were considered in previous censuses. The 16 th Livestock Census was the last census carried out by the Directorate of Economics and statistics of State Governments in one hand and Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture on the other. Even several states did not complete the census and report was generated considering the growth of livestock popul ation. The first livestock census conducted by the Department of Animal Husbandry of respective state governments under the overall guidance and supervision of Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India which is the 17 th livestock census. The livestock census work is being carried out by the state governments with 100% funding from the centre and almost all state governments put some efforts for completion of the census. The census was conducted on a pre-defined reference date on which the verification of the data previously collected on livestock has to be re-visited and availability of livestock has to be confirmed but such rigid maintenance of the reference date is not being followed in livestock censuses. Livestock census is one of the major activities to frame policy in livestock sector. Livestock Census covers the livestock species for overall development of the sector. It becomes essential for the policy maker to ascertain the various breeds of livestock species so that the livestock species can be genetically upgraded for optimum achievement for its product. For the first time the breeds of cattle and buffaloes were introduced in 17 th livestock census. The expansion of livestock breed for different species was considered in 18 th livestock census. The identification of the breeds for any livestock species was not systematically and scientifically adopted in 18 th livestock census. Even several breeds locally named were also found place in the list of breeds and the livestock census continued to identify 218 breeds of livestock for the 15 species across the country. In order to properly identify the livestock breeds, National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resource (NBAGR) has identified and registered 143 breeds of livestock species which have been considered in the breed survey under the ages of 19 th Livestock census. The breed survey was done on 15% sample basis and the survey results will be a multiplier factor to generate the breed-wise population of livestock species across the country. 1

12 There are several merits and demerits of 18 th and 19 th livestock census. Some of the issues require attention of the policy maker for using facts and figures of 18 th livestock census and breed survey of 19 th livestock census. These issues are mentioned below: There were 218 breeds of livestock species in 18 th livestock census. The livestock breeds were defined as the breeds having 80% similarity to the Pure breeds of livestock species will also be considered as the Pure breeds of that species. If the similarity level less than 80% will be covered under graded indigenous animals. All other animals of that species will be covered under non-descript. This definition has been superseded by the breed survey of 19 th livestock census. All scientifically accepted breeds i.e. 143 breeds of livestock species were considered in the breed survey. The breed survey clearly defines for a particular breed that the breed should be 100% identical to its description or phenotypic characteristics and will be considered as Pure breed. The similarity level up to 50% of breed is also classified as the graded breed of that species. If the similarity level is less than 50%, then the breeds will be counted against non-identified/non-descript breeds of that particular species. Thus the comparison of breeds for 18 th livestock census and breeds survey of 19 th livestock census to be used with a caution. Several breeds of a particular species are condensed in the breed survey of 19 th livestock census in comparison to its 18 th livestock census. So there may be a misnomer in the breeds of certain species which actually not appearing in the breed survey of 19 th livestock census. A strict comparison of breeds of such species cannot be resorted to. 18 th livestock census has done the headcount of livestock breeds with enumerator from technical and non-technical discipline but the breed survey of 19 th livestock census was carried out separately on 15% sample basis by veterinarians, para-veterinarians and persons from veterinary Science disciplines, so identification of the breeds and reporting may be of a better quality. Thus the 19 th livestock census ensures quality of the data for proper planning purposes. In 18 th Livestock Census headcounts of breeds of different species was carried out and the Report of 18 th Livestock Census was generated. In 19 th Livestock Census, a separate survey was conducted on 15% sample of villages to estimate breed-wise livestock population. Thus the livestock population is an estimated population of livestock species and its breeds presented in the present report. The present report will consist of 10 chapters including the chapter an An overview of Breed Survey along with 19 th Livestock Census. The 2 nd chapter will mainly discuss on the technical aspects of the survey including the coverage, sampling design, samples covered etc. It also cover the information on man power resources engaged for collection of data and digitalization of the data to prepare the present report. The Chapters 3 to 10 will have glimpses on the estimated number of animals in every species breed-wise derived from the Breed Survey data. The report will further contain Annexures having details of state-wise breed-wise information, rural urban combination and age and sex-wise information of various breeds of livestock species. 2

13 CHAPTER -2 Technical e 2.1 Introduction Livestock statistics is a compilation of livestock population their products, utilities etc. in the country. Livestock Census, on the other hand, conducted quinquennialy across the country. The census gives the headcounts of animals in various species for both large ruminants and small ruminants. However, the 19th Livestock Census 2012 covered age specific composition including the uses of the animals under various categories. But the census could not cover breed-wise statistics of each species. This was carried out as a separate survey namely Breed Survey. The Breed Survey was undertaken on a sample of 15% villages across the country. The technical committee constituted for 19th Livestock Census had recommended doing this exercise as a separate survey keeping in mind the complexity of the process of identification of breeds as well as simplification of schedules of 19th Livestock Census. The activities enlisted under Breed Survey are similar to that of Livestock Census. The State/UT declared nodal officers for Livestock Census were acted as nodal officers for Breed Survey too. Previously, Breed Census was carried out as a part of 18th Livestock Census on complete enumeration basis. This was a cumbersome process and the enumerators identified for Livestock Census was not qualified and experienced enough to identify the breeds. This difficulty was removed in the Breed Survey which was conducted with the help of veterinarians/ para-veterinarians. Breed survey was successfully completed with reference date of across the country on 15 % sample villages where complete enumeration was done in all identified breeds in 13 selected species of animals. The Training of trainers were organised in June, 2013 with the active participation of all States/UTs. The States/UTs were further requested to train the enumerators identified for Breed Survey in every districts. The sample selection processes were carried out centrally with the help of NIC team in Chhattisgarh. The survey was done on 15% sample village basis except for the UTs namely, Puducherry, Chandigarh, Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu, Dadra & NH. In Chandigarh, Lakshadweep and Daman Diu, Dadra & Nagar Haveli the survey was done on complete enumeration basis covering all villages considering these UTs as smallest administrative units in terms of number of villages. In Puducherry, 35% of the villages were covered under the survey. The breeds in every species of animals are identified based on the identification particulars as per the guidelines of NBAGR. The names of the registered breeds with breed codes and the breed track along with their phenotype characteristics have been circulated among all States for field survey. 2.2 Data Entry, Data validation & Report Generation: Karnataka State Electronics Development Corporation Limited (KEONICS), Bengaluru was entrusted for the data entry, validation and report generation process. The software module developed to monitor incoming Breed Survey Schedule from various states. This software module ensured 15% randomly selected villages are used for data entry. The schedules of uninhabited villages and had no livestock present were replaced by habited villages, within the same tehsil, by the States/UTs using the online software developed by NIC, Chhattisgarh. 3

14 Data Entry Module: Before designing the schedule, KEONICS had consulted the States/UTs on sample basis to understand whether the Schedules were prepared as per the guidelines of Govt. of India. By observing the Schedules from different States, the agency found that a standard static Data Entry Module cannot fulfil the requirement. Hence the agency had developed Dynamically Driven State Specific Data Entry Module. By this system it was able to generate data entry screen as per the State Schedule Design. The Software developed had features to configure prominent species, breeds etc. specific to each State. With this, entering data under wrong breeds was avoided. The Software also had features to accept unknown breed with alternate temporary code, which was replaced later by correct breed code in consultation with the States/UTs. This helped avoiding data getting dropped for wrong breed and no codes. The totalling errors were captured at the data entry stage itself by highlighting the errors in red colour, which prompted the data entry operator to recheck the content entered with documents leading to greater accuracy in the entered data. The Software developed has internal quality checking mechanism where erroneous data is listed and checked to eliminate any errors committed by the data entry operator. Checklist Generation: Two types of checklist were generated. 1. Unknown Breed Checklist: During data entry, the agency observed that in some Schedules, breed details were written without any breed code or name. The data entry module allowed these details to be entered into data base with alternate breed code other than the listed breed code. Software generated an Excel based checklist which was sent to respective States by . The correction made in Excel Sheets and sent back to data processing centre by for carrying out necessary correction in the data base directly using these excel sheets. 2. Logical and Error Checklist: Logical errors are like number of households having the specified category of animals in a species that does not match with the columns of number of livestock of respective breed type. These errors were captured through logic error checklist. This checklist also included the totalling errors in male total, female total, breed total and species total columns. Project Monitoring : The physical monitoring of the project was carried out using the weekly progress reports which were received from the agency indicating Inventory of data received and pending from the States/UTs, uninhabited villages, Data Entry Progress, Unknown Breed Checklist Sent and Receipt, Logical Error Checklist Sent and receipt. Methodology used for Estimation at Sub-district (Tehsil) Level: The methodology used for calculation of breed totals is sample proportion method as explained under Section 2.6. The agency applied the estimation procedure to arrive at the estimated figures for breed survey. Method used to estimate Breed Survey Projection for Urban : Breed Survey mainly focused on rural areas and there were minimal scope to get sample proportion ratio for urban area based on the schedules canvassed in urban area. To overcome this situation the factor from rural sample proportion ratio and values corresponding to urban towns from Livestock Census 2012 were used to estimate Breed Survey Projection for urban area. Report Generation Module: The Software is designed to generate dynamic type of reports by selecting various parameters on screen. The output can be stored as MS Excel, Word and PDF files. 4

15 2.3 Sampling frame, Sample Selection and number of samples covered The sample villages are selected using Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR) method. The sampling frame is the census villages provided by ORGI as per census For the state of Kerala the sampling frame was the list of wards covered under each village-panchayats. The sample selection process was carried out in on-line mode with the help of software developed by NIC, Chhattisgarh. The software allowed the state governments to draw their sample villages with the help of a user-id and password given to each States/UTs. The software also provided an administration login to help the centre to monitor the selection of the samples. If any of the selected village is depopulated then the software provided provision to draw substitute village on SRSWOR method for that particular depopulated village. This facility was operated through administration at the centre. The number of surveyed villages in each State/UT is given in the following table. Table Number of sample villages covered Sl. No. Name of State/UT No. of Surveyed Villages 1 Uttar Pradesh 16,004 2 Madhya Pradesh 8,220 3 Odisha 7,650 4 Bihar 6,731 5 Rajasthan 6,671 6 Maharashtra 6,513 7 West Bengal 5,955 8 Jharkhand 4,887 9 Karnataka 4, Andhra Pradesh* 4, Assam 3, Himachal Pradesh 3, Chhattisgarh 3, Gujarat 2, Uttrakhand 2, Kerala 2, Tamil Nadu 2, Punjab 1, Haryana 1, Meghalaya 1, Jammu & Kashmir Arunachal Pradesh Manipur Nagaland Tripura Mizoram Andaman & Nicobar Islands Sikkim 65 5

16 Sl. No. Name of State/UT No. of Surveyed Villages 29 Goa NCT Of Delhi Puducherry Daman & Diu Dadra & Nagar Haveli Chandigarh Lakshadweep 10 Urban Schedules 313 Schedules 98,574 Including Telangana The total number of samples surveyed under breed survey is 98,574. The sample selection process was done according to the sampling method SRSWOR in each sub-district of a district. 2.4 Field Survey The Field Survey was carried out in each selected sample as per the time schedules. Complete Enumeration was done in each selected villages by counting the number of animals possessed by each Household/Enterprises and Institutions according to the identified breeds under 13 selected species. The survey was carried out by the State/UT governments by engaging enumerators/supervisors who are veterinarians/para-vets or the students from veterinary background. This helped in identifying the breeds and reduced non-sampling errors. Nodal officers were declared by each State/UT for breed survey who coordinated with the Centre for all activities under Breed Survey. 2.5 Schedules Schedule-1. House list schedule: The Schedule-1 was canvassed for recording the list of households, Household Enterprises and Non household Enterprises existing in the selected sample village under enumeration. The Schedule-1 as canvassed in 19 th Livestock Census was used in Breed Survey to revisit the sample Village/ Panchayat/Wards/ Enumeration Blocks for recording the list of households, Household Enterprises and Non household Enterprises and changes, if any. This list further helped the enumerators in canvassing the Schedule-3 for detailed enquiry on breeds of livestock species in every household having livestock. Schedule-2. Village Profile: This schedule provides general profile of the Village/Ward and contains the information on Number of Breed-wise Stray cattle and Dog. This information was collected mainly from the Panchayat Revenue Officials/Gram Pradhan. In addition to it, Schedule-2 act as a summary schedule of Schedule-3 and all the entries were made as transfer entry of the column totals of Shedule-3. Schedule-3. Household Schedule: This is the main schedule for collecting data on Breeds of various livestock which was to be canvassed for every household having livestock. The Schedule was divided into two parts namely Block A (Household/Household enterprises) and Block B (Non Household enterprises /Institution) consisting of 12 Blocks each. Information on number of livestock, Breed-wise in respect of various species were recorded by their age, sex, utility etc. separately for (i) Households and Household Enterprises (ii) Non-household Enterprises and Institutions. 6

17 2.6 Methodology Sample design: The sample design adopted in the survey is Stratified Random Sampling with each sub-district as single Stratum. The first stage units are census villages in rural areas as per 2011 census. In the case of Kerala the panchayat wards are considered as First Stage Units (FSU) in rural areas. Selection of FSUs From each Stratum (sub-district) 15% of villages are selected randomly in rural sector based on SRSWOR. The selection process under Breed Survey is carried out in online mode through the software generated by National Informatics Centre, Chhattisgarh in which login ID and password were given to each state in addition to the admin login facility. In urban sector, the urban pockets which are identified by the States/UTs were surveyed on complete enumeration basis. For any uninhabited villages selected in the sample, corresponding substitute villages are also provided. Second and third Stage Units In Breed Survey, the second stage units are households and ultimate and third stage units are animals belong to a particular breed. Estimation procedure using Sample Proportion method Sample proportion of each breed say p for the sub-district can be used as an estimate of population proportion of the particular breed in that sub-district. The estimation is described as follows: Sample proportion, number of animals in the Brerd in the selected category p= number of animals in the selected category in all Breeds of same species This sample ratio will be used for estimating the population proportion of animals in the particular category by disintegrating into census figures of Livestock Census-2012 for every sub-district. The sub-district estimates will further be added for arriving at district level estimates and similarly for State level estimates. 2.7 Breeds covered The survey covered 143 breeds of 13 selected species. At first, species are given codes and subsequently these codes have been extended to generate the codes for the breeds. The breeds which are registered by NBAGR were considered in Breed Survey. All other local breeds have been covered under Non-descript category. Apart from the pure breeds, the breed which have similar phenotypic characteristic of an identified breed is also considered for the survey. These breeds are called graded breeds having more than 50% phenotype characteristic of an identified breed. The names of the pure breeds covered under each species with species code are given in the table 2.7 7

18 Table 2.7 Breeds covered under Breed Survey Sl. No. Livestock Species Species Code Breed Name and Codes 1 Cattle i) Exotic Jersey(010) Holstein Friesian(020) ii) Indigenous Amritmahal (030), Bachaur (040), Bargur(050), Binjharpuri (060), Dangi (070), Deoni (080), Gaolao (090), Ghumsuri(100), Gir(120), Hallikar(130), Hariana(140), Kangayam(150), Kankrej (160), Kenkatha (170), Khariar (180), Kherigarh(190), Khillar (200), Kosali (210), Krishna Valley(220), Malnad Gidda (230), Malvi (240), Mewati(250), Motu (260), Nagori(270), Nimari (280), Ongole (290), Ponwar (300), Punganur (310), Pulikulum (320), Rathi (330), Red Kandhari (340), Red Sindhi (350), Sahiwal (360), Siri (370), Tharparkar (380), Umblacherry(390), Vechur (400) iii) Non-descript Non-descript (99) 2 Buffalo i) Indigenous Bhadawari (010), Banni (020), Chilika(030), Jaffarabadi (040), Kalahandi(050), Marathwadi(060), Mehsana(070), Murrah (080), Nagpuri (090), Nili Ravi(100), Pandharpuri(110), Surti(120), Toda(130) ii) Non-descript Non-descript (99) 3 Mithun i) Indigenous Mithun (010) ii) Non-descript Non-descript (99) 4 Yak i) Indigenous Yak (010) ii) Non-descript Non-descript (99) 5 Sheep i) Exotic Merino (010), Rambuillet(020), Corridale(030) ii) Exotic/ Crossbred sheep (040) Crossbred iii) Indigenous Bhakarwal (050), Bellari (060), Balangir (070), Bonpala (080), Changthangi (090), Chokala (100), Chottanagpuri (110), Coimbatore (120), Deccani(130), Gaddi(140), Ganjam (150), Garole(160), Gurez(170), Hassan(180), Jaisalmeri(190), Jalauni (200), Karnah(210), Kashmir Merino (220), Kenguri (230), Kilakarsal (240), Madras red(250), Magra (260), Malapura (270), Mandya (280), Marwari(290), Mecheri (300), Muzzafarnagri (310), Nellore (320), Nilgiri (330), Patanwadi (340), Poonchi (350), Pugal (360), Ramnad White (370), Rampur Bushair (380),, Shahbadi(390), Sonadi (400), Tibetan (410), Tiruchi Black (420), Vembur (430) iv) Non-descript Non-descript (99) 8

19 6 Goat i) Indigenous Attapadi Black (010), Barbari (020), Beetal(030), Berari (040), Black Bengal (050), Changthangi (060), Chegu(070), Gaddi(080), Ganjam (090), Gohilwadi (100), Jakhrana (110), Jamnapari (120), Kani adu (130), Konkan Kanyal (140), Kutchi (150), Malabari (160), Marwari (170), Mehsana (180), Osmanabadi (190), Sangamneri (200), Sirohi (210), Surti (220), Zalawadi (230) ii) Non-descript Non-descript (99) 7 Horse i) Indigenous Bhutia (010), Kathiawari (020), Manipuri (030), Marwari (040), Spiti (050), Zanskari (060) ii) Non-descript Non-descript (99) 8 Ponies i) Indigenous Bhutia (010), Kathiawari (020), Manipuri (030), Marwari (040), Spiti (050), Zanskari (060) ii) Non-descript Non-descript (99) 9 Mules Donkeys Italian (010), Desi/Spiti(020) 11 Camels i) Indigenous Bikaneri (010), Double Hump(020), Jaisalmeri(030), Jalori(040),Kachchhi/Kutchi(050), Malvi(060), Marwari(070), Mewari(080), Mewati(090) ii) Non-descript Non-descript (99) 12 Pigs i) Exotic Landrace(010), Yorkshire(020), Hamsphire(030), Saddleback (040), Australian Large Black (050), Duroc(060) ii) Crossbred Crossbred Pigs(070) iii) Indigenous Ghoongroo(080), Niang Megha(090) iv) Non-descript Non-descript (99) 13 Rabbit i) Indigenous Angora (010), Broiler(020) e: The Breeds registered by NBAGR after 2013 have not been included in the reported. Hence the breeds of cattle namely Gangatiri and Belahi are not covered in the present report but the numbers are included in the Non-descript category in their respective States. 2.8 Shortcomings and corrective measures As per the instructions and the mandate, the survey was carried out in participation with all State/UT Governments. The identification of the breed was a challenge faced during the survey operations though there were instructions from NBAGR regarding phenotypic characteristic of each breed. Further, the breed survey was to be conducted with the help of veterinary staff or para-veterinarians engaged by the States/UTs. However, based on the data reported, the estimated numbers are derived against some of the breeds in States which fall in the non-breeding 9

20 tracts as well as geographically far from the breeding tract of the particular breed. For example, in case of Chilika breed of Buffaloes, the estimates were generated based on the proportion of the breeds reported in the sample in the State of Uttar Pradesh whereas the breeding tract is Odisha. Hence, the breed has been removed from Uttar Pradesh and the number is appropriately adjusted under the breed Murrah and Non-Descript categories as confirmed by the State. Similar adjustment was also done in case of Ghumsuri, Amritmahal in the States of Meghalaya and Punjab respectively in consultation with the States. The sheep Nilgiri was also reported in Uttar Pradesh and Haryana due to incorrect recording of breed code and breed name. This error was eliminated by including the corresponding numbers under Non-descript category of the sheep. Also, the sheep Nilgiri whose original breeding tract is the Niligiri district of Tamil Nadu where the estimates are not generated due to non-availability of the breed in the sample. After a confirmation from the State, it has been ascertained that the Nilgiri Sheep in Tamil Nadu is 587 in nos. and due to minimal representation of the breed in the State the breed did not appear in the sample. Another breed of goat namely Attapadi Black whose breeding tract is Kerala whereas the data were reported in the State of Bihar. This discrepancy was also removed in consultation with the State. The breed which are estimated very small in number and geographically away from its home tract have been removed from the respective States and the numbers were included under Non-Descript category of the respective species. Further, for the species Yak and Mithun no breed is registered under NBAGR hence the estimate of these species are deleted from the current report. Similarly, in the case of rabbit there is no breed registered by NBAGR and therefore the same also removed from the report. 2.9 Age- structure The age structure of each category animals adopted during19 th Livestock Census was considered as age structure for Breed Survey too. The age structure for breed survey under each species is given in the Box 2.9 Box 2.9 Species Exotic and Cross bred Cattle Characteristics Up-to 1 ½ year Over 1 ½ year Breeding Bullock cart/farm operation Agriculture & breeding Indigenous Cattle Up to 2 year Over 2 year Breeding Bullock cart/farm operation Agriculture & breeding Buffaloes up to2 year Over 2 year Breeding Bullock cart/farm operation Agriculture & breeding under, 1 to 2 ½ years Above 2 ½ years. In milk Dry calved others under, 1 to 3 years and above 3 years In milk Dry calved others under, 1 to 3 years and above 3 years In milk Dry calved others 10

21 Sheep and Goat Pig / under and above In addition for Goat, In milk, Dry calved are also counted separately / Under 6 months Horses and Ponies/ Donkeys/Mithun/ Yak / up to 3 years and above 3 years For male used for carts/carriage/sport / up to 3 years and above 3 years Mules up to 3 years and above 3 years Camel / Under 4 4 years and above A brief account of each species and their recognized breeds are illustrated in succeeding chapters 11

22

23 CattlE

24

25 CHAPTER -3 Cattle 3.1 Introduction Cattle in the country are one of the major contributors in the livestock population. As per 19 th Livestock census % of the livestock population belong to cattle. The main categories under cattle population are Exotic/ Crossbred and Indigenous/Non-descript. As per the definition adopted in Breed Survey, the animals which have their origin in other countries are described as exotic animals. The most important exotic dairy cattle breeds in India are Jersey and Holstein Friesian (HF). Animals which are produced by crossing Indigenous animals with Exotic breeds or Indigenous animals which have Exotic inheritance are described as Crossbred animals. In Breed Survey, animals fall under these broad categories are further bifurcated in the respective breeds as recognised by NBAGR. 3.2 Cattle Exotic and Crossbred The Exotic and Crossbred Category is one of the high yielding categories of animals in cattle. As per 19 th Livestock Census the Exotic and Crossbred animals contributes nearly 21% of the total cattle population. In the Breed Survey, the breeds namely Jersey, Crossbred Jersey, Holstein Friesian (HF) and Crossbred HF are considered under Exotic and Crossbred category. The following table shows the breed-wise number of animals. Table 3.2: Breed wise estimated number of animals under Exotic and Crossbred cattle SL. No. Breed Name No. of Animals 1 Jersey Pure 6,75,647 Crossbred 2,29,54,211 Jersey 2,36,29,858 2 Holstein Friesian Pure 6,43,859 Crossbred 1,54,58,093 Holstein Friesian 1,61,01,952 number of Exotic and Crossbred cattle 3,97,31,810 15

26 The Graph above shows that the Crossbred Jersey has the highest share with 57.77% as compared to 38.91% of crossbred Holstein Friesian. The pure Exotic category has a share with 1.70% in Jersey and 1.62% in Holstein Friesian. 3.3 Cattle Indigenous Animals which belongs to Descript (identified)/non-descript (non-identified) breeds of indigenous origin are considered as indigenous animals. As per 19 th Livestock Census over 79% of the cattle population are indigenous. These indigenous populations are divided into 37 recognized breeds in the Breed Survey. Besides the Pure breeds, Breed Survey also considered estimation of total number of animals in specific breeds which have more than 50% phenotypic characteristics of a particular breed under the definition of graded breed of that particular indigenous breed. The following table shows the number of animals in various indigenous breeds. Table 3.3 Breed-wise estimated number of animals under Indigenous cattle Sl. No. Breed Name Pure (no.) (no.) (no.) Percentage share with respect to total 1 Hariana 16,39,181 46,40,782 62,79, Gir 13,80,208 37,32,786 51,12, Sahiwal 10,92,459 37,89,835 48,82, Kankrej 19,45,094 10,83,185 30,28, Kosali 24,31, ,32, Khillar 11,02,359 9,11,993 20,14, Hallikar 12,11,242 5,96,690 18,07, Malvi 11,58,172 5,52,293 17,10, Bachaur 7,41,432 8,05,056 15,46, Rathi 8,65,921 3,71,588 12,37, Malnad Gidda 8,99,091 1,50,452 10,49, Tharparkar 1,97,291 5,35,182 7,32, Kenkatha 3,93,291 2,77,109 6,70, Ongole 1,15,905 5,18,621 6,34, Red Sindhi 59,642 4,97,744 5,57, Motu 4,69,320 67,438 5,36, Nagori 3,73,224 1,35,474 5,08, Red Kandhari 2,35,058 2,22,982 4,58, Nimari 3,41,828 1,11,805 4,53, Khariar 2,90,015 93,809 3,83, Deoni 1,51,236 2,00,364 3,51, Gaolao 1,21,538 2,01,145 3,22, Amritmahal 1,05,343 1,23,720 2,29,

27 Sl. No. Breed Name Pure (no.) (no.) (no.) Percentage share with respect to total 24 Kherigarh 75,116 1,24,135 1,99, Dangi 1,19,373 74,407 1,93, Kangayam 80,620 1,12,825 1,93, Binjharpuri 79,428 31,129 1,10, Ghumsuri 58,855 24,959 83, Umblacherry 39,050 33,460 72, Mewati 14,773 18,167 32, Ponwar 20,067 7,900 27, Siri 12,171 5,578 17, Bargur 14,154 2,153 16, Krishna Valley 3,462 10,919 14, Pulikulum 7,352 2,733 10, Punganur 2, , Vechur 1,065 1,414 2, Indigenous Breed Cattle 17,84, ,07,0265 3,79,19, Non-Descript ,32,53, Indigenous Cattle 17,84, ,07, ,11,72, The highest contribution is from Non-Descript category of animals which is 74.9% of the total Indigenous cattle. Out of the remaining 25.1%, 4.2 % contribution is from Hariana Breed following which Gir and Sahiwal contribute over 3% each of total indigenous cattle. Besides, Kankrej breed contributes 2% of indigenous cattle, other breeds such as Kosali, Khillar, Hallikar, Malvi and Bachaur are also contributed over 1% each of the total indigenous cattle. The Graph 3.3 shows the percentage contribution of top ten breeds in terms of their number in the indigenous cattle based on the estimation. All other recognised breeds of cattle contribute less than 1% each of the total indigenous cattle. Graph 3.3 : Percentage contribution of various major Indigenous Breeds including Non-descript: 17

28 3.4: Indigenous Cattle : Pure & breeds The Graph 3.4 gives a picture on the percentage share of 37 (Pure and graded) breeds excluding Non-descript category. Among the individual breeds it shows that 18 breeds are having their pure breeds more than 60% in number. In all other breeds major contributions is from graded breeds. State-wise details showing the breed wise number of animals according to Age, Sex and Uses are placed at Annexure-I. 18

29 Buffaloes

30

31 CHAPTER -4 Buffaloes 4. 1 Introduction Buffaloes in the country are third major contributors in the livestock population especially second largest contributors in the production of milk. As per 19 th Livestock census, 21.23% of the livestock population are buffaloes. Buffaloes are indigenous animals having thirteen breeds besides Non-descript in the country these 13 breeds are recognised by NBAGR and considered for Breed Survey. 4.2 Breed group of Buffalo The following diagram shows the distribution of indigenous buffaloes under three major categories i.e. Pure, graded and non-descript. Out of total buffaloes, % are pure breeds, % are graded and remaining % are in Non-Descript category. The following table shows the number of animals in various breeds of buffaloes. Table 4.2 Breed-wise estimated number of animals under Indigenous Buffaloes Sl No. Name of the Breed Pure (no.) (no.) no. of Animals Percentage share with respect to total 1 Murrah 1,16,86,198 3,65,68,676 4,82,54, Surti 18,86,280 20,06,614 38,92, Mehsana 26,76,699 9,48,426 36,25, Jaffarabadi 5,71,077 12,00,421 17,71, Bhadawari 5,83,599 11,70,188 17,53, Nili Ravi 1,29,411 5,47,834 6,77, Pandharpuri 2,87,751 1,95,987 4,83, Banni 2,39,572 1,42,550 3,82, Marathwadi 2,78,502 98,093 3,76, Nagpuri 73,584 1,17,410 1,90, Kalahandi 1,15,213 26,802 1,42, Toda 3,003 2,533 5,

32 Sl No. Name of the Breed Pure (no.) (no.) no. of Animals Percentage share with respect to total 13 Chilika 2, , Indigenous Breed 1,85,33,488 4,30,26,321 6,15,59, Non-descript - - 4,71,42, Buffaloes 1,85,33,185 4,30,23,385 10,87,02, The Graph 4.2(B) shows the distribution of various major indigenous breeds of buffalo in the country. The Murrah breed of buffalo contributes 44.39% of the total buffalo population followed by Non-Descript category which contributes 43.37%. Among the other breeds, Surti and Mehsana have percentage contribution of 3.58% and 3.33% respectively whereas the Jaffarabadi and Bhadawari breeds, contribute 1.63% and 1.61% respectively. All other recognised breed individually has less than 1% contribution in their breed spectrum. 4.3 Buffalo: Indigenous & breeds The Graph 4.3 gives a picture on the percentage share of pure and graded breeds excluding Non-descript category. Among the individual breeds it shows that 5 breeds namely Mehsana, Banni, Marathwadi, Kalahandi and Chilika are having their Pure breeds more than 60% in number. In all other breeds major contributions is from graded breeds. State-wise details showing the breed wise number of animals according to Age, Sex and Uses are placed at Annexure-II. 22

33 Sheep

34

35 CHAPTER -5 Sheep 5.1 Introduction Sheep are one of the major livestock species under the small ruminant category of animals. As per 19 th Livestock census 12.71% of the livestock population are sheep. Sheep are of two types; (ii) Exotic/Crossbred and (ii) Indigenous sheep. The distribution of Exotic/crossbred, Indgenious and Non-descript breeds of sheep are given in following diagram. 5.2 Exotic/Crossbred Sheep The Exotic category of sheep is divided into three categories i.e. Merino, Rambouillet and Corridale breeds besides crossbred as per NBAGR record. The Crossbred sheep which is the major contributors having a percentage contribution of 87.70% of the total animals as shown in the Graph 5.2. Among the other pure exotic breeds, Rambouillet is having a share of 7.16%. The other breeds namely Merino and Corridale are contributing 4.27% and 0.87% respectively. Table: 5.2 Breed wise estimated number of Exotic/Crossbred Sheep Sl.No. Name of the Breed No. of Animals Percentage share with respect to total 1 Exotic Sheep Rambouillet 2,70, Merino 1,61, Corridale 32, Exotic Sheep 4,65, Crossbred Sheep 33,15, Exotic/Crossbred Sheep 37,81,

36 5.3 Indigenous Sheep The total indigenous sheep are categorised under 38 recognised breeds as per NBAGR guidelines. The number of animals under each of the indigenous breed is given in the Table 5.3. Table 5.3 Breed wise estimated number of animals under indigenous sheep Sl. No. Name of the Breeds Pure (no.) (no.) (no.) Percentage share with respect to total 1 Nellore 69,42,182 48,03,685 1,17,45, Deccani 37,23,406 24,98,128 62,21, Marwari 30,74,952 10,33,012 41,07, Bellari 16,73,154 6,52,349 23,25, Jaisalmeri 10,18,880 7,70,132 17,89, Mecheri 12,12,225 2,17,509 14,29, Hassan 7,03,012 1,57,660 8,60, Ramand White 7,10,028 1,41,147 8,51, Patanwadi 4,72,997 2,90,366 7,63, Kenguri 2,43,023 4,33,947 6,76, Magra 5,07,915 46,652 5,54, Chottanagpuri 5,16,692 3,709 5,20, Mandya 2,44,468 2,29,613 4,74, Gaddi 2,95,010 1,48,078 4,43, Madras Red 3,11,533 1,26,017 4,37, Chokala 2,61,514 1,24,962 3,86, Malapura 2,45,251 94,052 3,39, Balangir 2,48,986 59,581 3,08, Bonpala 2,31,860 1,057 2,32, Sonadi 1,57,694 59,338 2,17, Muzzafarnagri 99,328 84,532 1,83,

37 Estimated Livestock Population Breed Wise Based on Breed Survey Sl. No. Name of the Breeds 22 Jalauni 25 Kilakarsal Garole Pugal Shahbadi Bhakarwal Ganjam Changthangi Tiruchi Black Rampur bushair 32 Kashmir Merino 33 Coimbator 34 Vembur 35 Gurez 36 Poonchi 37 Karnah Indigenous Breeds Non-Descript Indigenous Sheep e: The breed Nilgiri has estimated nil in number. Pure (no.) (no.) (no.) Percentage share with respect to total 86,072 96,465 1,82, ,114 74,276 1,11, ,65, ,579 42,026 71,278 35,559 82,334 20,131 87,597 65,115 47,493 23,600 37,418 28,725 34,086 17,207 2,643 2,946 2,37,82,848 2,37,82,848 13, ,887 27,409 7,451 12,429 5, , ,23,29,396 1,23,29,396 1,65,531 1,41,605 1,06,837 1,02,465 1,00,742 65,149 62,380 51,009 44,869 41,154 39,664 17,207 7,036 3,033 3,61,12,244 2,51,75,854 6,12,88, The Graph 5.3 shows the percentage distribution of various indigenous breeds of sheep population. It is observed that among the indigenous breeds, Nellore breed contribute highest in the category with 19.17% following which the breeds namely Deccani, Marwari, Bellari, Jaisalmeri and Mecheri contribute a major share as shown in the following diagram. There are 27 indigenous breeds whose contribution is less than 1% share in total indigenous sheep. 27

38 5.4 Sheep Indigenous: Pure & Breeds The Graph 5.4 shows the percentage share of Pure and graded breeds of sheep. Among 37 indigenous breeds of sheep (excluding non-descript) 27 breeds are having their Pure breeds more than 60% in number. In all other breeds major contributions is from graded breeds. State-wise details showing the breed wise number of animals according to Age, Sex and Uses are placed at Annexure-III. 28

39 Goat

40

41 CHAPTER -6 Goat 6.1 Introduction Goats are prime important species in the small ruminants and second largest species in livestock category and contribute in the production of milk after cattle and buffaloes. As per 19th Livestock census, 26.40% of the livestock population are Goats. Out of millions of Indigenous Goats (Including Non-descript), 26.97% are pure breed, 11.77% are graded breeds and remaining 61.26% are non-descript breeds. The distribution of goats under these categories is given in the following diagram. There are 23 indigenous breeds of goats in the country besides its Non-Descript animals as recognised by NBAGR. The names of indigenous breeds of goats and their population are given along with the percentage share under the following table: Table: 6.1 Breed wise estimated number of indigenous animals under goat Sl. No. Name of the Breeds Pure (no.) (no.) (no.) Percentage share with respect to total 1 Black Bengal 17,408,780 3,242,544 20,651, Marwari 5,347,830 1,834,690 7,182, Barbari 2,194,443 4,087,269 6,281, Jamnapari 1,599,366 2,313,879 3,913, Sirohi 1,822,729 1,254,625 3,077, Osmanabadi 2,481, ,817 3,065, Jakhrana 989, ,077 1,446, Kani Adu 696, ,619 1,056, Malabari 569, ,668 1,016, Beetal 379, , , Gaddi 363, , ,

42 Sl. No. Name of the Breeds Pure (no.) (no.) (no.) Percentage share with respect to total 12 Mehsana 521,898 89, , Zalawadi 390, , , Kutchi 380,723 62, , Ganjam 317,063 96, , Surti 270, , , Gohilwadi 168,917 94, , Changthangi 196, , Berari 120,936 71, , Sangamneri 162,834 22, , Chegu 36,149 1,533 37, Konkan Kanya 27,039 6,375 33, Attapadi Black 10,238 11,401 21, Indigenous Breeds 36,456,323 15,906,160 52,362, Non-Descript - - 8,28,10, Indigenous Goat 36,456,323 15,906, ,173, The Graph 6.1 (B) shows the percentage distribution of various indigenous breeds of Goats population. It is observed that among the indigenous breeds, Black Bengal breed contribute highest in the category with 15.28% followed by Marwari, Barbari, Jamnapari, sirohi, osmanabadi and Jakhrana contribute a major share as shown in the following diagram. All other breeds have less than 1% contribution in their individual indigenous categories. 32

43 6.2 Goat Indigenous: Pure & Breeds The Graph 6.2 gives a picture on the percentage share of pure and graded breeds excluding Non-descript category. Among the individual breeds it shows that there are 16 breeds namely Black Bengal, Marwari, Osmanabadi, Jakhrana, Kani Adu, Mehsana, Zalawadi, Kutchi, Ganjam, Surti, Gohilwadi, Changthangi, Berari, Sangamneri, chegu and Konkan Kanya having its pure breed more than 60% in number. In all other breeds major contributions is from graded breeds. State-wise details showing the breed wise number of animals according to Age, Sex and Uses are placed at Annexure-IV. 33

44

45 Pig

46

47 CHAPTER -7 Pig 7.1 Introduction As per 19 th Livestock census 2.01 % of the livestock population are contributed by Pigs. Pigs are divided into four main categories like Exotic, Crossbred pigs, Indigenous pigs and Non-descript. The share of pig population among exotic, crossbred, indigenous and non-descript category is depicted on the diagram below: 7.2 Exotic/Crossbred Pigs The exotic breeds of pigs are divided into 6 breeds besides the crossbred pigs as per the Table 7.2. The graph 7.2 also shows the percentage distribution of various exotic and crossbred pigs with respect to total number of exotic/ crossbred pigs. The exotic breeds like Duroc, Australian Large Black and Saddleback have their insignificant share in total exotic/crossbred pigs. Table 7.2: Breed wise estimated number of Exotic and Crossbred Pigs Sl. No. Breed Name of the Pigs (No.) Percentage share with respect to total 1 Exotic Pig Yorkshire 1,75, Landrace 30, Hampshire 29, Duroc 3, Australian Large Black Saddleback Exotic Breeds 2,39, Crossbred Breeds 22,16, Pigs 24,56,

48 7.3 Indigenous Pigs: The total Indigenous pigs are categorised into 2 (excluding non-descript) breeds as per NBAGR guidelines. The number of animals under each of the indigenous breed of Pig is given in the Table 7.3. The graph 7.3 also shows the percentage distribution of all the indigenous breeds. Table 7.3 Breed wise estimated number of Indigenous pig Sl. No. Name of the Breed animals (No.) Percentage share with respect to total 1 Ghoongroo 1,84, Niang Megha 1,27, Indigenous Breeds 3,11, Non-descript 75,25, Indigenous Pig 78,37, State-wise details showing the breed wise number of animals according to Age, Sex and Uses are placed at Annexure-V. 38

49 Horses & Ponies

50

51 CHAPTER -8 Horses & Ponies 8.1 Introduction As per 19 th Livestock census 0.12 % of the livestock population are contributed by Horses & Ponies. In 19 th Livestock Census, the animals were reported in one category under Horses & Ponies. However, in breed survey, all the recognized breeds of Horses and Ponies have been separately counted and estimated number of animals in each recognized breed is given in the table below. Table 8.1 Breed wise estimated number of animals under Horses & Ponies Sl. No. Name of the Breed No. of Horses No. of Ponies Percentage share with respect to total 1 Kathiawari 57,112 6,018 63, Marwari 38,696 3,479 42, Zanskari 9, , Bhutia 4, , Spiti , Manipuri Breeds 1,11,599 10,641 1,22, Non-descript 3,89,087 1,13,405 5,02, Horses & Ponies 5,00,686 1,24,046 6,24, In Breed Survey, the six recognized breeds of Horses as well as Ponies were considered besides non-descript. From the above table it is seen that the 3 breeds of this species are reported in negligible numbers. As per definition, ponies and horses are both equines but generally identified according to the variation in their heights and best wisdom of the enumerators. The horses and ponies are to be considered in their respective breeds for academic interest and the figures are shown against their respective breeds. Most of these breeds are identified under Horses than in Ponies as evident from the graph shown below. State-wise details showing the breed wise number of animals according to Age, Sex and Uses are placed at Annexure-VI. 41

52

53 Mules & Donkeys

54

55 CHAPTER -9 Mules & Donkeys 9.1 Introduction As per 19 th Livestock census 0.10% of the livestock population are contributed by Mules and Donkeys taken together. The mule population is estimated based on the single breed of mule origin whereas the donkey population is divided into two breeds namely Italian and Desi/Spiti. The following table and diagram shows the total number of animals in each of the breeds of mule and donkeys and their percentage share. Table 9.1: Breeds wise estimated number of indigenous animal under Mules and Donkeys Sl. No. Name of Breed No. of animals Percentage Share with respect to their total 1 Mules 1,96,378 - Mules Breeds 1,96, Italian 27, Desi/Spiti 2,91, Donkey Breeds 3,18, s Mules and Donkey 5,15, Mules The mules are considered under single breed in Breed Survey. As per 19 th Livestock Census 0.04 % of the livestock population is contributed by mules. The estimates of mule population according to their age composition are given in the following table. Table 9.2 : Estimated number of Mules Category Mules (no.) v Under 3 years 47,948 v 3 years and above 1,48,430 TOTAL 1,96,378 45

56 9.3 Donkeys There are mainly two breeds, viz Italian and Desi/Spiti, which are recognized by NBAGR, were considered under Breed Survey. The age-sex distribution of the breeds of donkeys is shown in the Table 9.3. The percentage share of these breeds of donkeys is depicted in the diagram Graph 9.3. Table 9.3 Estimated Number of Donkeys Category Italian (no.) Desi/Spiti (no.) (no.) v 16,046 1,70,163 1,86,209 v 11,534 1,21,044 1,32,578 ( ) 27,580 2,91,207 3,18,787 State wise details showing the breed wise number of animals according to Age, Sex and Uses are placed at Annexure-VII. CHAPTER

57 Camels