Chapter 2 HEALTH. Women & Men In India

Transcription

1 Chapter 2 HEALTH Women & Men In India

2 20 Health related statistics

3 Health A healthy population being the basic necessity for development, it is essential to assess the variability in terms of gender for various health indicators and also to examine the level of various women specific health indicators. In this chapter following parameters have been examined: 2.1 Important Women related Vital Rates in India for last 4 years 2.2 Important Vital Rates in EAG States 2.3 State-wise Birth Death Indicators for last 4 years 2.4 Expectation of life at birth by sex and residence 2.5 Infant Mortality Rate for last 10 Years 2.6 Maternal Mortality Ratio of Major States 2.7 Fertility indicators for last few years 2.8 Fertility indicators by level of education of women 2.9 Age-Specific Mortality Rate by Sex 2.10 Percent of live births where the mothers received medical attention at delivery 2.11 Pattern of Acceptance of Different Family Planning Methods in India 2.12 Sex-wise Age-Group wise ailments 2.13 Percent persons hospitalised 2.14 Average total Medical expenditure for non-hospitalised treatment 2.15 Percent distribution of spells of treatment over levels of care Some important findings Crude Birth Rate (CBR), General Fertility Rate (GFR) and Total Fertility Rate (TFR) The SRS 2014 estimates showed a Crude Birth Rate (CBR) of 21 and General Fertility Rate (GFR) of 77.6 at all India level. In 2014, the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) was at 2.3. TFR was high for illiterate women both in rural and urban areas, higher among rural illiterate women and statistics reveal that improvement in educational level lowers the TFR. Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR) In 2014, Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR) was 1.1 at all India level (Rural 1.2, Urban 0.8) and it remained unchanged during the last three years. Age-Specific Fertility Rate (ASFR) The SRS 2014 reported that the age-specific fertility rate was highest (174.9) in the age group years followed by the age group years (143.7) and years (76.6).The ASFR in rural India continues to be at a higher level than urban areas for all age groups. In 2014, a rise in ASFR has been observed for women in higher age groups (30+ years) compared to the previous year. The data reveals that ASFR peaks in the age group where level of education is class X or below, whereas it peaks in the age-group where level of education is class 12 th and above. Mortality Rate The mortality rate among females across all ages was 6.2 and that among males was 7.1 in Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) In 2014, the Infant Mortality (IMR) for females was 40 while that for males was 37. The rate of decline in the IMR of females is faster than that of IMR among males. The highest IMR was in the State of Madhya Pradesh (52) and lowest in Goa (10) in Maternal Mortality Ratio The Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) has declined from 301 in to 167 in Among the major States, MMR was highest in Assam (300) followed by West Bengal. Women & Men In India

4 Age-Specific Death Rate (ASDR) In 2014, the Age Specific Mortality Rate for females was less than that of males for all age group except for 0-4 years and 5-9 years. Life Expectancy The trend shows that, at all India level, females have more life expectancy than males. During , the life expectancy for females was 69.6 years and for males was 66.4 years. Live Births In 2014, urban mothers receive 1.27 times more medical attention at the time of delivery as compared to rural mothers (Urban: 93.2%, Rural: 73.2%). Among the State/UTs, the percent of live births where mothers received medical attention during delivery for rural areas was lowest in Uttar Pradesh (58.2%) and for urban areas lowest in Uttarakhand (74.4%). 22 Health related statistics

5 2.1 Important Women related Vital Rates in India for last 4 years Indicators Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Fertility indicators Crude birth rate General fertility rate Age-specific Fertility rate Total fertility rate Gross reproduction rate General marital fertility rate Total marital Fertility rate Mean age at effective marriage for females Total fertility rate by level of education of the mother Illiterate Literate Without any formal education Below primary Primary Middle Class X Class XII Graduate and above Pecentage distribution of live births by birth order Percentage distribution of current live births by birth interval (in months) 10 to to to to to Percentage distribution of births by type of medical attention at delivery Government Hospital Private Hospital Qualified Professional Untrained Functionary and others Source : Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General, India. Women & Men In India

6 2.2 Important Vital Rates in EAG States: 2014 Under five Mortality Rate (U5MR) Infant Mortality Rates Crude Death Rates Crude Birth Rates State Rural Urban Total Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Madhya Pradesh Odisha Rajasthan Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh State Rural Urban Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Madhya Pradesh Odisha Rajasthan Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh State Rural Urban Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Madhya Pradesh Odisha Rajasthan Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh State Rural Urban Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Madhya Pradesh Odisha Rajasthan Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh Source : Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General, India. EAG States: Empowered Action Group States : 8 States (Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand) alongwith Assam. 24 Health related statistics

7 2.3 State-wise Birth Death Indicators for last 4 years States/UTs Crude Birth Rate(CBR) Crude Death Rate(CDR) Infant Mortality Rate(IMR) Andaman & Nicobar Islands Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chandigarh Chhattisgarh D & N Haveli Daman & Diu Delhi Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Lakshadweep Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Pudducherry Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal All India Source : Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General, India. Women & Men In India

8 2.4 Life Expectancy at birth by sex and residence Period Rural Urban Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Source : Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General, India Life expectancy at birth among males & females Female Male Health related statistics

9 2.5 Infant Mortality Rate for last 10 Years Year Infant Mortality Rate Female Male Total Source : Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General, India. 65 Trend in Infant Mortality rate over last 10 years Female Male Women & Men In India

10 2.6 Maternal Mortality Ratio of Major States State/Union Territory Andhra Pradesh Assam Bihar/Jharkhand* Gujarat Haryana Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh/Chhattisgarh* Maharashtra Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Tamil Nadu Uttar Pradesh/Uttarakhand* West Bengal India Source : Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General, India. Note: Maternal Mortality Ratio is the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. * For , figure is for undivided State Trend in Maternal Mortality Ratio of India and States with best & worst achievers 301 Andhra Pradesh Haryana Maharashtra 100 Punjab 50 India Health related statistics

11 2.7 Fertility indicators for last few years Total Fertility Rate(TFR) General Fertility Rate(GFR) Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Age-Specific Fertility Rates Total Rural Urban Age Group Source: Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General, India. 225 Age Specific Fertility Rates Rural Urban Total Women & Men In India

12 2.8 Fertility indicators by level of education of women, 2014 Indicator Total fertility rate General fertility rate Residence Illiterate Total literate Without any formal education Below primary Education Level Literate Primary Middle Class X Class XII Graduate and above Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Age specific fertility rates Total Rural Urban Source: Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General, India. 30 Health related statistics

13 2.9 Age-Specific Mortality Rate by Sex Age Group Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male All ages Source: Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General, India. Women & Men In India

14 2.10 Percent of live births where the mothers received medical attention at delivery States Rural Urban Andhra Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Delhi Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Tamil Nadu Telangana Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal India Source : Sample Registration System, Office of the Registrar General, India. 32 Health related statistics

15 2.11 Pattern of Acceptance of Different Family Planning Methods in India Year Sterilization Intra- Uterine Vasectomy % Tubectomy % Device Insertion % Conventional Contraceptive users % Oral pills users (Figures in Thousands) % Total acceptors Data Source: MoHFW HMIS web portal ( nrhm-mis.nic.in) Status as on 19th December 2016 as uploaded by States/UTs. Share of Family Planning Methods in Conventional Contraceptive users 42.6% Oral pills users 19.4% Tubectomy 15.9% Vasectomy 0.3% Intra-Uterine Device Insertion 21.7% Women & Men In India

16 Age-Group 2.12 : Sex-wise age-group wise ailment during last 15 days Rural Urban Male Female Persons Male Female Persons All : Percentage of persons hospitalised (excluding childbirth) during last 365 days in different age group Age-Group Rural Urban Male Female Persons Male Female Persons All Source: National Sample Survey Office, 71st Round, Jan' Jun' Health related statistics

17 2.14: Average Total Medical Expenditure for Non-Hospitalised Treatment By level of care Level of Care in Rs.per Ailing Person Rural Urban Male Female Male Female HSC, PHC & others* public hospital private doctor/clinic private hospital All * includes ANM/ASHA/AWW/dispensary/CHC/MMU per Ailing Person suffering from only one ailment for different level of care For each quintile class of UMPCE UMPCE Quintile Class Rural Urban Male Female All Male Female All All UMPCE stands for Usual Monthly Per Capita Consumer Expenditure Source: National Sample Survey Office, 71st Round, Jan'2014-Jun'2014 Women & Men In India

18 2.15: Percent Distribution of Spells of Ailment Treated on Medical Advice over levels of care in each States/UTs Male Female States/UTs HSC/PHC and others* Public Hospital Private Doctor Private Hospital HSC/PHC and others* Public Hospital Private Doctor Private Hospital Andaman & Nicobar Islands Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chandigarh Chhattisgarh Dadra & N. Haveli Daman & Diu Delhi Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Lakshadweep Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Puducherry Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Telangana Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal All * includes ANM/ASHA/AWW/dispensary/CHC/MMU HSC:Health Sub Centr, PHC : Primary Health Centre Source: National Sample Survey Office, 71st Round, Jan'2014-Jun' Health related statistics