Benefits of HVDC & FACTS for Sustainability and Security of Power Supply. Panel Session 1: Super Power Grids

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1 Benefits of HVDC & FACTS for Sustainability and Security of Power Supply Panel Session 1: Super Power Grids Dietmar Retzmann Karl Uecker PTD H 1 MT/Re Power Transmission and and Distribution

2 ntroduction Green Energy Security of Supply Bulk Power Transmission PTD H 1 MT/Re

3 Electrical Energy of our Society is the Backbone today and in Future PTD H 1 PTD MT/Re H 1 MT/Re

4 The Result: CO 2 Increase due to human Influence is much higher than natural Fluctuation Carbon Dioxide Variations in the Air 400 CO 2 Concentration (ppmv) 350 The Industrial Revolution has caused a dramatic Rise in CO A crucial Global Issue: to achieve CO 2 Reduction Ice Age 200 Würm / Weichsel Riß / Saale Mindel / Elster Thousands of Years ago Sources: Siemens PTD TI, Wikipedia, PTD H 1 MT/Re

5 Power System Development: The Key-Issue How to avoid Bottlenecks Globalisation/ Liberalisation Privatisation Deregulation - Privatization: Opening of the Markets, Independent Transmission Companies ITCs, Regional Transmission Organisations RTOs Bottlenecks in Transmission Privatisation Problem of uncontrolled Loop Flows Overloading & Excess of allowed SCC* Levels System Instabilities & Outages Investments in Power Systems System Enhancement & Interconnections: Higher Voltage Levels ** New Transmission Technologies Renewable Energies for CO 2 Reduction * SCC Short-Circuit Current ** ** Example UCTE: kv kv is is in in fact fact too too low low PTD H 1 MT/Re

6 ask 1 ecurity of Power Supply PTD H 1 MT/Re

7 If Power Flow exceeds the Design Criteria: Blackout * Problems only in the synchronous interconnected Systems System Enhancement necessary! Source: ITC 8/2003 Blackout Source: National Transmission Grid Study; U.S. DOE 5/2002 Preview * PTDF Power Transfer Distribution Factor The US Blackout 2003: Congestion, Overloads and Loop Flows PTD H 1 MT/Re

8 The Blackout Area - a Night Light View Blackout: a large Area is out of Supply Some of the Reasons were: Overloads and Loop Flows Leading to Voltage Collapse Québec s HVDCs assist in Power Supply and System Restoration However, some Islands still have local Supply Before the Blackout Source: EPRI PTD H 1 MT/Re

9 Security of Power Supply Countermeasures against large Blackouts Use of Advanced System Protection Schemes Enhancement of Communication & Monitoring Use of FACTS and HVDC to control Load Flow and to prevent Voltage Collapse Use of Hybrid Interconnections with HVDC and FACTS to improve the System Stability Implementation of HVDC as Firewall against cascading Events PTD H 1 MT/Re Power Transmission and and Distribution

10 ask 2 ustainability of Power Supply PTD H 1 MT/Re

11 Sustainability of Power Supply Measures for Reduction in CO 2 Emissions Generation Transmission Distribution Increase in Generation Efficiency Reduction in Transmission Losses Reduction in Distribution Losses Use of Regenerative Energy Sources Avoidance of Loop Flows Power Factor Correction Use of Energy- Mix for Base and Peak-Load Demands Use of Power Electronics Use of Power Electronics Use of intelligent System Control & Protection PTD H 1 MT/Re

12 The Global Potential in CO 2 Reduction and Security Enhancement is huge Use of Advanced Solutions for Power Transmission PTD H 1 MT/Re

13 Getting more Power out of the Grid Our Solutions: HVDC High Voltage DC Transmission Systems FACTS Flexible AC Transmission Systems PTD H 1 MT/Re

14 Use of Power Electronics for HVDC & FACTS Transient Performance and Losses More Dynamics for better Power Quality: Use of Power Electronic Circuits for Controlling P, V & Q Parallel and/or Series Connection of Converters Fast AC/DC and DC/AC Conversion Depending on Solution 2-4 % Transition from slow to fast Thyristor 1-2 % GTO IGBT / IGCT > 1000 Hz Switching Frequency 50/60 Hz < 500 Hz Losses On-Off Transition ms The Solution for Bulk Power Transmission PTD H 1 MT/Re

15 Flexible AC Transmission Systems FACTS Power Quality in High Voltage AC Systems PTD H 1 MT/Re

16 Europe: UK goes ahead with FACTS 27 SVCs Example of Harker Substation 2 parallel SVCs Deregulation caused Transmission Problems 1993 Power Transmission PTD H 1 MT/Re

17 SVC Bom Jesus da Lapa, Enelpower, Brazil 500 kv, +/-250 MVAr Containerized Solution 2002 Valves & Control Benefits: o Improvement in Voltage Quality o Increased Stability o Avoidance of Outages PTD H 1 MT/Re

18 Tala TCSC Project: Bulk Hydro Power from Bhutan to Delhi Area Safe and Clean Energy for Megacities 2 x FSCs: Increase in Transmission Capacity 2 x TCSCs: Power Oscillation Damping 475 km 2006 World s Biggest FACTS Project for Series Compensation 2 x 1.7 GVAr! Hydro-Power from Purnea to Delhi Area PTD H 1 MT/Re

19 High Voltage Direct Current HVDC High Power DC Transmission Systems PTD H 1 MT/Re

20 Advanced Power Transmission Systems HVDC - High Voltage DC Transmission: It makes P flow HVDC Classic with LT Thyristors* (Line-commutated Converter) HVDC Bulk with 800 kv for 5,000 MW to > 7,000 MW HVDC PLUS (Voltage-Sourced Converter VSC) HVDC can be combined with FACTS V-Control included B2B -The Short Link 800 kv for minimal Line Transmission Losses HVDC-LDT - Long Distance Transmission Back-to-Back Station Submarine Cable Transmission Long Distance OHL Transmission AC AC AC AC AC AC DC Cable DC Line * LTT Light-Triggered Thyristor with integrated Break-over Protection PTD H 1 MT/Re

21 Sustainability in Transmission HVDC in India: East-South Interconnector and Ballia-Bhiwadi DC versus AC x 3-ph AC 400 kv 1 x +/- 500 kv * 2,500 MW India 800 km Example of HVDC Ballia-Bhiwadi: Reduction in CO 2 : 688,000 tons p.a. through 37 % less Transmission Losses at* 1,450 km 2003 too long for AC 2,000 MW PTD H 1 MT/Re

22 Basslink HVDC: remote Infeed of Hydro Plants for: Base Load and Energy Storage Green Energy Benefits of HVDC: Clean Energy CO 2 Reduction flexible Plus Wind Power fuzzy 2005 no additional Thermal Plants Cost Reduction Covering Base and Peak-Load Demands PTD H 1 MT/Re

23 From DC Line to Cable Basslink HVDC Welcome great Outdoors! PTD PTD H 1 H 1 MT/Re

24 New DC Cable Link Neptune RTS, USA Ed Stern, President of Neptune RTS: High Voltage Direct Current Transmission will play an increasingly important Role, especially as it becomes necessary to tap Energy Reserves whose Sources are far away from the Point of Consumption Safe and reliable Power Supply for the Megacities Blackout Prevention Atlantic Ocean Customer: End User: Location: Project Development: Supplier: Transmission: Power Rating: Transmission Dist.: Neptune RTS Long Island Power Authority (LIPA) New Jersey: Sayreville Long Island: Duffy Avenue NTP-Date: 07/2005 PAC: 07/2007 Consortium Siemens / Prysmian Sea Cable 500 kv 600/660 MW monopolar 82 km DC Sea Cable 23 km Land Cable PTD H 1 MT/Re PTD H 1 MT/Re

25 Neptune HVDC: 660 MW Full Power Delivery in Trial Operation 2 Weeks ahead of Schedule Blackout in New York City June 27, 2007 New Jersey: Sayreville Neptune HVDC successfully supported Long Island s Power Supply - 700,000 Households could be saved 385,000 People without Electricity in Manhattan and Bronx: Subway broke down, Traffic Lights out of Operation up to 1 hour Power Outage Long Island: Duffy Avenue PTD H 1 MT/Re

26 Europe The HVDC Portfolio is growing Storebælt Customer: Energinet.dk System Data: Rating 600 MW Voltage 400 kv DC Thyristor 8 kv LTT Cable Length 56 km 2010 BritNed Customer: BritNed Development Ltd. System Data: Rating 1000 MW Voltage 400 kv DC Thyristor 8 kv LTT Cable Length 200 km 2010 Energy Exchange by Sea Cable Sharing of Reserve Capacity No Increase in Short-Circuit Power PTD H 1 MT/Re

27 Siemens received the Order for the World s first 800 kv HVDC in China Southern Power Grid 1,418 Km 5,000 MW +/- 800 kv DC Commercial Operation: 2009 Pole Pole 2 Siemens the Leader in Bulk Power DC Transmission Technology Yunnan-Guangdong Reduction in CO 2 versus local Power Supply with Energy-Mix 32.9 m tons p.a. -by using Hydro Energy and HVDC for Transmission PTD H 1 MT/Re

28 Power Quality for AC & DC Systems HVDC with VSC - HVDC PLUS PTD H 1 MT/Re

29 PTD H 1 MT/Re HVDC PLUS The Power Link Universal System Clean Energy to Platforms & Islands Low Switching Frequency Reduction in Losses Less Stresses In Comparison with 2 and 3-Level Converter Technologies withadvanced VSC Technology Siemens uses MMC Technology (Modular Multilevel Converter)

30 The Evolution of HVDC PLUS and VSC Technology Topologies: Two-Level Three-Level Multilevel Power Electronic Devices: GTO / IGCT IGBT in PP IGBT Module PTD H 1 MT/Re

31 PTD H 1 MT/Re Integration of large Offshore Wind Farms into the Main Grid the German Prospects Vattenfall Europe Transmission HVDC PLUS from Offshore to Land PTD H 1 MT/Re HVDC Classic for Load & Generation Reserve Sharing Power Transmission and Distribution

32 Prospects of UHV DC & UHV AC Some Countries will need Bulk Power Transmission Corridors Solutions: 800 kv DC & 1,000 kv AC DC: 4-6 GW AC: 6-10 GW Increase in Transmission Distance and Reduction in Losses PTD H 1 MT/Re PTD H 1 MT/Re

33 The Solution: AC & DC Power Transmission from West to East Three Bulk Power Transmission Corridors Transmission Capacity of each Corridor will be 20 GW by 2020 North Corridor the installed Generation Capacity will be 900 GW 3 x 20 GW 800 kv DC & 1,000 kv AC Sources: Central Corridor South Corridor PTD H 1 MT/Re

34 Jinping ± 800 kv HVDC Transmission Project Leshan Jinping Plant I To Sichuan Power Grid Jinping Plant I I Guandi Linping Chongqing Wuhan Changsha Sunan Shanghai Xichang 2,237 Km 6,400 MW +/- 800 kv DC Planned for 2012 For Comparison: Germany Guangdong 840 Km Source: Brazil-India-China Summit Meeting on HVDC & Hybrid Systems Planning and Engineering Issues, July 2006, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil PTD H 1 MT/Re PTD H Power 1 MT/Re Transmission and Distribution

35 More Power out of the Grid plus CO 2 Reduction Technology Issues for for UHV DC Transmission PTD H 1 MT/Re

36 Air-Core, Air-cooled Smoothing Reactor and Converter Transformer The Dimensions are huge 500 kv DC in the Pictures are now being extended to 800 kv DC Mostly an Issue of Mechanics but not only PTD H 1 MT/Re

37 UHV DC Reactor in Test Field 800 kv DC 3,125 A 75 mh 28 tons! PTD H 1 MT/Re

38 UHV DC Bushing at Test Lab TU Graz Austria 800 kv DC Bushing in Test Field PTD PTD H 1 H MT/Re 1

39 Transformers for UHV DC Test levels for 500 kv/800kv DC: DC long Time Duration Test (120 min) 800 kv / 1,260 kv AC Long Time Duration Test (60 min) 600 kv / 915 kv Polarity Reversal Test (90 / 90 / 45 min) kv / kv Switching Impulse Test 1,300 kv / 1,675 kv Lightning Impulse Test 1,550 kv / 1,900 kv Transportation Restrictions and Converter Configuration determine Type and Size Works for 800 kv DC Transformer PTD H 1 MT/Re

40 800 kv HVDC Transformer under Construction 320 MVA Single-Phase* Transformer 48** Transformers for the Yunnan-Guangdong UHV DC Project Core Design: 3 Limbs & 2 Return Limbs L x W x H: 26 x 6.4 x 15.2 m Total Weight: 512 tons * for Transportation Reasons ** plus 8 Spare Units Test Voltages AC (1 min) 1,020 kv SI 1,790 kv LI (FW/CW) 2,080/2,320 kv DC (2 hrs) 1,175 kv PR (90/90/45 min) 935 kv PTD H 1 MT/Re

41 Valve Hall Configuration for UHV DC DC Neutral 400 kv Valve Hall 400 kv DC Each Valve Group can be bypassed n-1 Criteria 400 kv DC to 800 kv DC Line 800 kv Valve Hall Ready for Transmission PTD H 1 MT/Re PTD H 1 MT/Re Power Transmission and and Distribution

42 Snapshots from DC Valve Tower Testing Dielectric Testing of Valve-Support Structure PTD H 1 MT/Re

43 Finally it will look like this: PTD H 1 MT/Re

44 Conclusions Transmission needs Elimination of Bottlenecks and Congestion by use of Advanced Technologies PTD H 1 MT/Re

45 Large System Interconnections: keep them safe by use of HVDC & FACTS in a hybrid Way System G System A System B System C System D System E System F The Result Large Large System System Interconnections, with with HVDC and FACTS Step 3 Step 2 Step 1 HVDC - Long Distance DC Transmission HVDC B2B -viaac Lines High Voltage AC Transmission & FACTS DC the Stability Booster and Firewall against Blackout Solutions for a Smart & Strong Grid Countermeasures against large Blackouts PTD H 1 MT/Re

46 The Future? - with HVDC and FACTS Global Link for Green Energy PTD H 1 MT/Re

47 Intelligent Solutions for Power Transmission with HVDC & FACTS from Now available with VSC PLUS Technology Siemens HVDC PLUS and SVC PLUS Thank You for your Attention! and the Lights will keep shining! PTD H 1 MT/Re

48 Intelligent Solutions for Power Transmission Sustainability & Security of Supply Thank You for your Attention! PTD H 1 MT/Re