UHV DC Configuration, Technology and References
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1 UHV DC Configuration, Technology and References EPE, Rio de Janeiro, February 26th, 2010 Wilfried Breuer, CEO Power Transmission Solutions
2 Overview Global Trends in Transmission Why UHV DC UHV DC Topologies Major differences to 500 kv HVDC UHV DC: From R&D to Final Products Leadership in Technology: World s first application Slide February 2010
3 Overview Global Trends in Transmission Why UHV DC UHV DC Topologies Major differences to 500 kv HVDC UHV DC: From R&D to Final Products Leadership in Technology: World s first application Slide February 2010
4 Challenges for Electrical Power Transmission and Distribution Need for more Energy Urbanization Scarcity of Natural Resources Environmental Awareness Open Markets Increased Use of Distributed and Renewable Energy Resources Capacity Increase and Bulk Power Transmission over long Distances Distribution within congested Areas / Megacities Goal: reliable, flexible, safe and secure Grids Slide February 2010
5 Greenland Melt-Down has accelerated Pictures of the Future? Accelerated Greenland Melt-Down North of Germany after Sea-Level Rise by 100 m Sea-Level Rise from Ice-Melting and thermal Expansion: : +18 +/-5 cm per 100 Years : +31 +/-8 cm per 100 Years Source: Gregory et al., Nature (2004) Slide February 2010 Possible Maximum Value as Worst-Case Business-As-Usual Scenario Source: "An End to Global Warming, L.O. Williams, Elsevier 2002
6 Electrical Energy is the Backbone of today's and tomorrow's Society Slide February 2010
7 Development of DC Transmission: Worldwide installed Capacity Sources: Cigre WG B IEEE T&D Committee 2006 GW Worldwide installed HVDC Capacity : 80 GW in 2005 This is 1.8 % of the Worldwide installed Generation Capacity How it started 1951, Kashira- Moscow, 30 MW Additionally, over 104 GW are expected from China alone by 2020! Siemens AG 2008 Slide February W. E T Breuer PS SL/Re Division
8 Example China: >104 GW Transmission Capacity Expension by Hami C. China 800 kv, 6400 MW, Xiangjiaba Shanghai 800 kv, 6400 MW, Xiluodu Hangzhou 800 kv, 6400 MW, Xiluodu Guangdong 800 kv, 6400 MW, Jinsha River II East China 800 kv, 6400 MW, Jingping Sunan 800 kv, 7200 MW, Jinsha River II East China 800 kv, 6400 MW, Jinsha River II Fujian 800 kv, 6400 MW, Nuozhadu Guangdong 800 kv, 5000 MW, Jinghong Thailand 3000 MW, Yunnan Guangdong 800 kv, 5000 MW, 2009 Xinjiang Qinghai Xizang Slide February 2010 Gansu Bangkok Sichuan & Chongqing Yunnan 10 Inrfar Mongolia Ningxia Heilongjiang Jilin 14 Liaoning 13 Beijing Tianjin Hebei Shanxi Shandong 17 Henan Jiangsu Shaanxi Anhuj 2 Shanghai Hubai 3 Jiangxi 19 5 Zheijang 6 7 Guizhou Fujian Guangdong Taiwan 9 Guangxi Hunan Hainan Hulunbeir Shenyang 500 kv, 3000 MW, B2B NE North (Gaoling) 500 kv, 1500 MW, Humeng Jinan (Shandong) 800 kv, 6400 MW, North Shaanxi Shandong 500 kv, 3000 MW, Ningxia Shandong 660 kv, 2 x 4000 MW, Baoji Deyang 500 kv, 3000 MW, Mongolia Beijing 660 kv, 4000 MW, Xiluodu Hunan 660 kv, 4000 MW, Irkutsk (Russia) Beijing 800 kv, 6400 MW, 2015 * Options for further Projects > 7 GW
9 Overview Global Trends in Transmission Why UHV DC UHV DC Topologies Major differences to 500 kv HVDC UHV DC: From R&D to Final Products Leadership in Technology: World s first application Slide February 2010
10 Why UHV DC? Drivers for UHVDC Solutions The following Elements are Drivers for UHV DC Solutions Slide February 2010 Deregulated Power Markets require wide-area power trading Increasing demand for use of renwable Energy resources often far away from load centers Severe right-of-way constraints Advantages of UHV DC Transmission Economically: Lower Line and Right-of-Way Costs, higher Efficiency Technically: Bulk Power Transmission up to 7500 MW / Bipole
11 Existing solutions with limitations for 5,000 MW power transportation over long distances ~ HVAC 765 kv = HVDC ±500 kv Limited suitability for point-to-point connections High power losses 2-3 lines required for 5,000 MW Limited to approx. 1,500 km Lower power losses than AC Limited to 3,000 ±500kV DC Two lines needed for 5,000 MW Not optimized for investment and operational costs Slide February 2010
12 HVDC at 800 kv for economical, long-distance electricity transfer = HVDC ±800 kv Very high power capacity (5,000 MW and higher) of a single system 25% lower transmission cost compared to 500 kv HVDC Smaller footprint and lower overhead transmission line costs as only one bipole is needed Slide February 2010
13 Clear economical advantage of an ±800 kv HVDC solution Total transmission cost (5,000 MW over 1,400 km; 30 year lifetime) 100 % 83 % 64 % Losses Line costs Station costs AC 765 kv DC ±500 kv DC ±800 kv Slide February 2010
14 Example: 7000MW Comparison 2 x ±600 kv vs. 1 x ±800 kv 120% 100% 2 Bipoles ±600 kv 1 Bipole ±800 kv 80% cost 60% 40% 20% 0% Slide February 2010 line length [km]
15 Selection of appropriate transmission voltage levels 3000 MW 5000 MW 7000 MW ±500 kv + n.a. n.a. ±600 kv 0 0 n.a. ±800 kv x ±500 kv n.a x ±600 kv n.a. - 0 Slide February 2010 Indicative values for line lengths of approx to 2000 km
16 Capabilities of Main Equipments Overload Capabilities: Continuous 2h Overload 3 sec Overload outdoor: 25 C ambient temperature with red. cooling 1.20 pu 6000 MW 1.25 pu 6250 MW 1.50 pu 7500 MW w/o red. cooling 1.10 pu 5500 MW 1.20 pu 6000 MW 1.50 pu 7500 MW outdoor: 40 C ambient temperature with red. cooling 1.10 pu 5500 MW 1.20 pu 6000 MW 1.40 pu 7000 MW w/o red. cooling 1.0 pu 5000 MW 1.10 pu 5500 MW 1.40 pu 7000 MW Reduced DC Voltage Operations: 640 kv: 80% of 800 kv, bipolar operation with dc current up to 3125 A 560 kv: 70% of 800 kv, bipolar operation with dc current up to 3125 A 400 kv: 100% of 400 kv, monopolar operation with dc current up to 3125 A Slide February 2010
17 Overview Global Trends in Transmission Why UHV DC UHV DC Topologies Major differences to 500 kv HVDC UHV DC: From R&D to Final Products Leadership in Technology: World s first application Slide February 2010
18 UHV DC Topologies two 12-Pulse Groups per pole Pole 1 Suitable for bulk power transmission, up to 7500 MW at ±800 kv Suitable in case of difficult transportation requirements Pole 2 Bypass switchgear allows flexible configuration and increases power availability Terminal A Transmission Line Terminal B Additional valve group level controls Slide February 2010
19 UHV DC Topologies parallel 12-Pulse Groups per pole Pole 1 Pole 2 Transmission Line Multi-terminal configuration Bulk power transmission suitable for geographically distributed generation / load centers Terminal A1 Terminal A2 Terminals B Additional control & protection requirements for multi-terminal operation Slide February 2010
20 UHV DC Topologies Comparison single 12-pulse group / pole two serial 12-pulse groups / pole two parallel 12- pulse groups / pole Costs Energy availability after loss of valve group without overload Transportation requirements 50% 75% (75%) limited o.k. o.k. typical application point-to-point point-to-point multi-terminal Slide February 2010
21 Overview Global Trends in Transmission Why UHV DC UHV DC Topologies Major differences to 500 kv HVDC UHV DC: From R&D to Final Products Leadership in Technology: World s first application Slide February 2010
22 Arrangement of ±800 kv UHV DC Transmission (China) Bipolar system Two serial 12-pulse valve groups per pole Voltage rating 400 kv per 12-pulse group Bypass switch for every 12-pulse group ±400 kv operation Slide February 2010 schematic arrangement of UHV DC transmission
23 DC Single Line differences to conventional HVDC Systems Different Slide February 2010 Energy Same Sector as Conventional / Power Transmission HVDC Solutions
24 Deblock Sequence for 2 nd 12-pulse valve group Slide February Close Group Disconnect Switches 2. Close Bypass Breaker 3. Open Bypass Disconnect Switch 4. At Inverter: 1. Bypass Breaker Open Command 2. After Δt 30ms Release Firing Pulses at At Rectifier as fast as possible after inverter has deblocked: 1. Bypass Breaker Open Command 2. After Δt 30ms release Firing Pulses at 70
25 Block Sequence for 1 st 12-pulse valve group Slide February Block Converter at Rectifier & Inverter: : 1. Force Firing Pulses to After Δt 10ms fire Bypass Pair and Close Bypass Breaker 3. After Δt 60ms Block Firing Pulses 2. Close Bypass Disconnect Switch 3. Open Bypass Breaker 4. Open Group Disconnect Switches
26 Insulation Coordination Insulation Levels BIL / SIL: 1800 kv / 1600 kv BIL / SIL: 1900 kv / 1600 kv BIL / SIL: 1175 kv / 950 kv BIL / SIL: 1550 kv / 1300 kv BIL / SIL: 1300 kv / 1050 kv BIL / SIL: 450 kv / 325 kv BIL / SIL: 950 kv / 750 kv Slide February 2010
27 Insulation Coordination Special Considerations additional arrester for protection of secondary side winding of 800 kv converter transformer dc bypass switchgear Slide February 2010 dc smoothing reactor on the neutral bus
28 System Design Operating Voltages Voltage (kv) Transformer 800 kv ground 300 mh smoother at HV-bus only Voltage (kv) Transformer 800 kv ground 150 mh at HV-bus 150 mh at neutralbus Slide February 2010
29 Overview Global Trends in Transmission Why UHV DC UHV DC Topologies Major differences to 500 kv HVDC UHV DC: From R&D to Final Products Leadership in Technology: World s first application Slide February 2010
30 UHV DC at ±800 kv major milestone in electrical power engineering Technological challenges The key challenge is to control internal and external insulation In the Ultra HV range, some insulation aspects become highly non-linear Two possible approaches: Enlarging existing components to increase the distances between them too expensive and not feasible Complete redesign of all components to optimally balance their electrical fields and dimensions Slide February 2010
31 External insulation: avoiding discharge effects using silicone (hydrophobic effect) Unwanted discharges could occur in outside environment when dust combined with water settles on the components Unsuitability of porcelain-based insulators, that are commonly used with 500 kv HVDC Selection of composite insulators with silicone housing avoiding conductive layers Siemens is the trendsetter in the use of silicone for HVDC Slide February 2010
32 External insulation: simulation and testing of new designs to minimize building dimensions Simulation Calculation and simulation of electrical field strength Testing Dielectric testing using prototype components to verify simulation results Slide February 2010 Example: Valve support structure
33 Internal insulation: electrical field strength calculation for converter transformer Example: Long duration effects during polarity reversal Time: t = 300 s Time: t = 600 s Time: t = 480 s Time: t = 1680 s Slide February 2010
34 Thyristor Valves Principle Circuit of a 12-pulse Group Multiple Valve Unit Quadruple valve Double valve Single valve Valve branch Slide February 2010
35 HVDC Thyristor Valves Quadruple Valves Twin Tower Single Tower Slide February 2010
36 Valve Hall Configuration for UHV DC DC Neutral 400 kv Valve Hall 400 kv DC Each Valve Group can be bypassed n-1 Criteria 400 kv DC Slide February kv Valve Hall to 800 kv DC Line Ready for Transmission
37 Arrangement of 800 kv Converters One valve hall per 12-pulse valve group Double valve tower arrangement two 6-pulse valves per hall Two modular units per valve Suspension from the valve hall ceiling (high seismic withstand capability) LV 12-pulse group HV 12-pulse group 800 kv UHVDC converter for Fulong station made up of two 12-pulse bridges (schematic) Slide February 2010
38 800 kv Thyristor Valves double valve towers optimum for valve hall concept proven modular design with adequate external shielding measures Slide February 2010
39 Assembly of the UHV DC Valve * * at Siemens-HSP High-Voltage Test Lab Troisdorf, Germany Slide February 2010
40 Impressive Dimensions! Slide February 2010
41 400 kv Valve Hall Suidong of Yunnan Guandong project Slide February 2010
42 800 kv Valve Hall Suidong of Yunnan Guandong project Slide February 2010
43 Development of voltage and current rating of power thyristors Voltage in kv Current in ka Slide February 2010
44 Latest Development of Power Thyristors: 6 -ETT Development of a 6 inch ETT to handle the high current of Xiangjiaba - Shanghai Project DC current capability of more than 4500 A Optimum blocking voltage of 8.5 kv Joining of the Silicon pellet to a molybdenum carrier disk using low-temperature high pressure sintering excellent thermal coupling low thermal resistance outstanding short circuit current capability (> 80 ka) High reliability, failure rate < 10 fit Slide February high power thyristor compared to 4 and 5 elements
45 UHVDC Converter Transformer Transformer (800 kv DC) S n : 250 MVAr U n : 550kV / / 3 kv total length: 26 m total weight: 515 t Slide February 2010
46 800kV Converter Transformers test setup 9 m Slide February kv valve side bushing
47 Transformers for 800kV UHV DC Test levels for 500 kv / 800kV DC: DC long Time Duration Test (120 min) 800 kv / 1,260 kv AC Long Time Duration Test (60 min) 600 kv / 915 kv Polarity Reversal Test (90 / 90 / 45 min) ± 580 kv / ± 980 kv Switching Impulse Test 1,300 kv / 1,675 kv Lightning Impulse Test 1,550 kv / 1,900 kv Slide February 2010
48 800kV UHV DC Bushing at Test Lab Slide February 2010
49 800kV UHVDC Bushings by HSP Cologne / Germany Well-proven Technology: Experienced Siemens inhouse supplier HSP RIP - technology Composite housing Superior behavior for pollution in DC application Slide February 2010
50 800kV DC Wall Bushing RIP Design test setup 20,8 m Technical Data AC Voltage: 1100 kv DC Withstand Voltage: 1455 kv DC Weight: 5600 kg Slide February 2010
51 DC Line Surge Arrester Technical Data test setup Nominal Discharge Current: Single Impulse Energy Capability: Short Circuit Current: 20 ka 9 MJ 65 ka Special Requirements Development of Arrester Housing: as self-supporting structure handling of deflection during seismic and wind stresses common design for arrester and plc capacitor housing 12,5 m Slide February 2010
52 DC PLC Coupling Capacitor Technical Data Nominal Capacitance: Nominal Resistance: Total Weight: 20 nf 800 MΩ 2600 kg Special Requirements Managing seismic forces Requirements for test labs: high capacitances of individual and total capacitor (front time of surge voltage and during TE measurement) Design of top electrode (low field strength on surface, managing wind forces) 12,8 m World s first coupling capacitor for UHV DC applications test setup Slide February 2010
53 SF 6 Gas Insulated Voltage Divider Technical Data test setup Nominal Capacitance: 250 pf Nominal Resistivity: 800 MΩ Ratio: :5:5:5:5:5:5 DC Accuracy: 0,2% (0.1 to 1.1 p.u.) Bandwidth (± 3dB): 3 khz Response Time: < 30 μs Total Weight: 1400 kg 10,6 m World s first SF6 insulated voltage divider for UHVDC applications. Slide February 2010
54 SF 6 Gas Insulated Voltage Divider Special Requirements Lenght of Insulator: Transportation and Handling Vertical installation of internal parts required 10m lifting platform Technical Properties: Total capacitance larger than 200 pf using SF 6 insulation, in order to achieve required band width Selection procedure for resistor to achieve required accuracy of 0.2% Tests: Reliable and repeatible measurement of resistivity during all type and routine tests Slide February 2010
55 800kV DC Current Measurement hybrid optical dc shunt composite insulators as support Slide February 2010
56 800kV DC Smoothing Reactor Technical Data Nominal Voltage: Lightning Impulse Voltage: Inductance: Nominal Current: Creepage Distance: Weight of Coil: Total Weight: 800 kv DC 1200 kv 75 mh 3150 A DC mm kg kg Test Setup 14,3 m Ø4,6 m Constructial Proporties Dry-type air insulated design Resin impegnated winding Installation on support insulators Typically as series connection of several coils Slide February 2010
57 DC Smoothing Reactor Special Requirements Seismic Design: Installed reactor coil on support insulators acts as mass damping system damped oscillation during earth quake (mass kg) Design of Support Insulators Low resonance frequency of mass/damping system Fulfils seismic design requirements Slide February 2010
58 DC Disconnector and Grounding Switch Technical Data 2 m Short Circuit Current: Switching Current: Switching Operations: Weight: 50 / 20 ka 1s kv (Filter) V (Bypass) 2000 CO 6000 kg Special Requirements Mechanical Design: Wind and Seismic Forces 11,4 m Dielectric Strength: Design of Air Clearances and Shielding Electrodes 13 m Current Stresses: Short Circuit and Switching Capability Slide February 2010
59 DC Disconnector and Earthing Switch dielectric test Slide February 2010
60 DC Bypass Switch Technical Data Steepness of Current: Steepness of Voltage: No. of Swiching Operations: Weight: 3,6 A/µs 6,2 kv/µs 2000 CO 1900 kg 6,2 m Special Requirements Drive and damping performance seismic requirement Erection and installation procedure 9,5 m Grading capacitors with applied DC voltage Interrupter and switching gap external electrodes for field control Slide February 2010 Test setup
61 800kV DC stresses Example for corona ring effects Slide February 2010
62 800kV DC Filter Capacitor suspended design height overall: mm height to top units: mm composite suspension insulators Slide February 2010
63 Combined effort by internal and external test Labs PSW Berlin TU Munich IPH Berlin TU Dresden HSP Köln Slide February 2010 FGH Mannheim TU Graz
64 - 800 kv DC kv DC kv DC kv DC All Tests are completed and the Power can flow Slide February 2010
65 Overview Global Trends in Transmission Why UHV DC UHV DC Topologies Major differences to 500 kv HVDC UHV DC: From R&D to Final Products Leadership in Technology: World s first application Slide February 2010
66 Siemens received the order for the World s first 800 kv UHV DC in China Southern Power Grid 1,418 km 5,000 MW +/- 800 kv DC Commercial Operation: 2009 Pole Pole 2 Siemens a Leader in Bulk Power UHV DC Transmission Technology Yunnan-Guangdong Reduction in CO 2 Slide February 2010 versus local Power Supply with Energy-Mix 32.9 m tons p.a. by using Hydro Energy and HVDC for Transmission
67 800 kv UHVDC Project Yunnan Guangdong DC Voltage: 800 kv DC Current: 3125 A DC Power: DC line: Rectifier: Inverter: Altitude: 5000 MW Bipolar 1418 km Chuxiong Suidong 1800m for 800 kv Chuxiong Milestones: since first pole in operation! 06/2010 bipolar operation scheduled Slide February 2010
68 Receiving Station Suidong in 3D Slide February 2010
69 Yunnan-Guangdong from 3D Models Slide February 2010
70 to Reality: Sending Station Chuxiong Slide February 2010
71 Converter Transformer at Suidong Slide February 2010
72 AC Filter Suidong Slide February 2010
73 800kV DC Suidong Slide February 2010
74 AC and DC Suidong Slide February 2010
75 UHV DC Reactors at the Receiving Station Neutral Bus 800 kv DC Bus Slide February 2010
76 800kV DC smooting reactor and 400kV DC bypass Suidong Slide February 2010
77 Station Chuxiong DC Reactors & DC Yard Slide February 2010
78 Yunnan-Guangdong 800 kv DC Lines Slide February 2010
79 800 kv DC Overheadline Towers Slide February 2010
80 UHV DC Transformers arriving Slide February 2010
81 UHV DC Transformers arriving Slide February 2010
82 UHV DC logistics a crucial task Slide February 2010
83 Yunnan-Guangdong UHV DC Valve Halls 800 kv DC 800 kv DC 2 x 400 kv DC Slide February 2010
84 Yunnan-Guangdong UHV DC Valve Hall 800 kv DC Slide February 2010
85 Yunnan-Guangdong UHV DC Converter 400 kv DC Slide February 2010
86 Yunnan-Guangdong UHV DC Converter Slide February kv DC
87 Yunnan-Guangdong UHV DC Converter 800 kv DC Slide February 2010
88 Yunnan-Guangdong: UHV DC inauguration first pole on Slide February 2010
89 UHV DC Inauguration first pole 2,500 MW on Slide February 2010
90 Yunnan-Guangdong: UHV DC Inauguration Slide February 2010
91 World s biggest and longest 800 kv UHV DC Transmission Project State Grid Corporation of China Siemens received an Order for the Fulong Converter Station HVDC Transformers & Thyristor Valves with new 6-inch Thyristors Leshan Sichuan Power Grid Chongqing Xiangjiaba-Shanghai Wuhan Shanghai Nanhui Xiangjiaba Xiluodu left Xiluodu right Xiangjiaba Xiluodu left Xiluodu right Xiluodu-Zhuzhou 970km Xiluodu-Zhexi Changsha Zhuzhou 1728km Zhexi 2,071 km 6,400 MW +/- 800 kv DC Commercial Operation: August 2010 Reduction in CO 2 Slide February 2010 Guangdong versus local Power Supply with Energy-Mix 41 m tons p.a. by using Hydro Energy and HVDC for Transmission
92 Jinping ± 800 kv UHV DC Transmission Project Leshan Jinping Plant I To Sichuan Power Grid Jinping Plant I I Guandi Linping Chongqing Wuhan Changsha Sunan Shanghai Xichang 2,237 km * 7,200 MW +/- 800 kv DC Planned for 2013 * 6.4 GW initially For Comparison: Germany Guangdong 840 km Source: Brazil-India-China Summit Meeting on HVDC & Hybrid Systems Planning and Engineering Issues, July 2006, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Slide February 2010
93 Siemens is successful in the HVDC Business for more than 30 Years World s 1 st VSC HVDC with MMC- Technology World s 1 st HVDC with 500 kv DC Cable 1977/2004 Nelson River 1984 Poste Châte. World s 1 st HVDC with 8 kv Thyristors 1997/2004 Celilo Sylmar East 2007 Neptune 1987 Virginia Smith 2005 Lamar Slide February Trans Bay Cable 2001 Moyle / Debao Ballia- Bhiwadi 2003/2007 ESI 2001 Thailand- Malaysia 1995 Acaray 1977/ Welsh Cahora Bassa Basslink World s 1 st HVDC with LTT and integrated BOD 1989 Ge-Nan TSQ World s 1 st HVDC with Transmission Voltage above 500 kv 2010 BritNed 2011 Spain-Mallorca 2010 Storebælt Adani 1993 Etzenricht World s largest 800 kv HVDC! 1983 Dürnrohr 2011 Xiangjiaba- Shanghai 1993 Wien Südost 2004 GuG I 2007 GuG II 2009/2010 Yunnan- Guangdong 2012/2014 Inter-Island Link Pole 3 World s 1 st HVDC with Transmission Voltage of 800 kv! Energy Sector Power / Power Transmission Division Solutions
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