Benefits of Power Electronics for Security and Sustainability of Power Supply

Transcription

1 Part 1 University of Ljubljana Dusan Povh Dietmar Retzmann PSCC 2008, Glasgow, July 14-18, 2008 Survey Paper 2 July 17 Part 2 Jochen Kreusel Integrated AC/DC Transmission Systems Benefits of Power Electronics for Security and Sustainability of Power Supply E T PS SL/Re

2 lobal rends on Power Markets CO 2 Reduction Green Energy Megacities Security of Supply E T PS SL/Re Power Transmission Power Transmission and Distribution Division

3 Electrical Energy of our Society is the Backbone today and in Future E T PS E SL/Re T PS SL/Re

4 Conclusions of IPCC: CO 2 Increase due to human Influence is much higher than natural Fluctuation Carbon Dioxide Variations in the Air 400 CO 2 Concentration (ppmv) 350 The Industrial Revolution has caused a dramatic Rise in CO A crucial Global Issue is CO 2 Reduction Ice Age 200 Würm / Weichsel Riß / Saale Mindel / Elster Thousands of Years ago Sources: Siemens E TI / Wikipedia 2006; IPCC E T PS SL/Re

5 ask 1 ecurity of Power Supply E T PS SL/Re

6 If Power Flow exceeds the Design Criteria: Blackout * Problems only in the synchronously interconnected Systems System Enhancement necessary! Source: ITC 8/2003 Blackout Source: National Transmission Grid Study; U.S. DOE 5/2002 Preview E T PS SL/Re 6 * PTDF Power Transfer Distribution Factor The US Blackout 2003: Congestion, Overloads and Loop Flows E T PS SL/Re PTD

7 The US Blackout Area a Night-Time View modified Satellite Photo Some of the Reasons were: Overloads and Loop Flows Leading to Voltage Collapse A View of the Event E T PS SL/Re

8 The Area of the Blackout the real Photos Blackout: a large Area is out of Supply Québec s HVDCs assist in Power Supply and System Restoration However, some Islands still have local Supply Before the Blackout Source: EPRI E T PS SL/Re

9 E T PS SL/Re Trans Bay Cable Project, USA World s 1 st VSC HVDC with MMC-Technology 9 E T PS SL/Re P 400 MW, ± 200 kv DC Cable 2010 Q +/ MVAr Dynamic Voltage Support No Increase in Short-Circuit Power Energy Exchange by Sea Cable Elimination of Transmission Bottlenecks

10 Benefits of Trans Bay Cable Project Transmission Constraints after TBC Trans Bay Cable Transmission Constraints before TBC Significant Improvements HVDC PLUS makes it feasible E T PS SL/Re

11 New DC Cable Link Neptune RTS, USA Ed Stern, President of Neptune RTS: High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission will play an increasingly important Role, especially as it becomes necessary to tap Energy Reserves whose Sources are far away from the Point of Consumption Safe and reliable Power Supply for Megacities: Firewall for Blackout Prevention Atlantic Ocean Customer: End User: Location: Project Development: Supplier: Transmission: Power Rating: Transmission Dist.: Neptune RTS Long Island Power Authority (LIPA) New Jersey: Sayreville Long Island: Duffy Avenue NTP-Date: 07/2005 PAC: 07/2007 Consortium Siemens / Prysmian Sea Cable 500 kv 600/660 MW monopolar 82 km DC Sea Cable 23 km Land Cable E T PS SL/Re E T PS SL/Re

12 Neptune HVDC: 660 MW Full Power Delivery in Trial Operation 2 Weeks ahead of Schedule Blackout in New York City June 27, 2007 New Jersey: Sayreville Neptune HVDC successfully supported Long Island s Power Supply 700,000 Households could be saved 385,000 People without Electricity in Manhattan and Bronx: Subway broke down, Traffic Lights out of Operation up to 1 hour Power Outage Long Island: Duffy Avenue E T PS SL/Re

13 Neptune HVDC Station Duffy Avenue Snapshots from the Inauguration on E T PS SL/Re

14 ask 2 ustainability of Power Supply E T PS SL/Re

15 Sustainability in Transmission HVDC in Europe: COMETA, Spain-Mallorca DC Interconnector Customer: Red Eléctrica de España System Data: Rating 2 x 200 MW Voltage ± 250 kv DC Thyristor 8 kv LTT Cable Length 250 km Reduction in CO 2 : 1.2 m tons p.a. (52 %) by using Energy-Mix from the Mainland versus local Supply with a new Oil-fired Power Plant on the Island E T PS SL/Re

16 SVC Siems the 1 st HV SVC in Germany The Solution HVDC and FACTS in parallel Operation HVDC: Power Reduction Increase from MW to MW Reduction in CO 2 : 634,000 tons p.a. More Hydro Power from NORDEL to Germany The Problem: no Right-of-Way for 400 kv AC Grid Access of Baltic Cable HVDC only 110 kv E T PS SL/Re

17 Sustainability in Transmission HVDC in India: East-South Interconnector and Ballia-Bhiwadi DC versus AC x 3-ph AC 400 kv 1 x +/- 500 kv * 2,500 MW India 800 km Example of HVDC Ballia-Bhiwadi: Reduction in CO 2 : 688,000 tons p.a. through 37 % less Transmission Losses at* 1,450 km 2003 too long for 400 kv AC 2,000 MW E T PS SL/Re

18 World s first Order for an 800 kv UHV DC in China Southern Power Grid 1,418 Km 5,000 MW +/- 800 kv DC Commercial Operation: 2009 Pole Pole 2 Yunnan-Guangdong Reduction in CO 2 versus local Power Supply with Energy-Mix 32.9 m tons p.a. by using Hydro Energy and HVDC for Transmission E T PS SL/Re

19 World s biggest and longest 800 kv UHV DC Transmission Project State Grid Corporation of China Siemens, together with ABB and Chinese Partners, takes part in the Project (HVDC Transformers & Thyristor Valves with new 6-inch Thyristors at Fulong Conv. Station) Leshan Sichuan Power Grid Chongqing Xiangjiaba-Shanghai Wuhan Shanghai Nanhui Xiangjiaba Xiluodu left Xiluodu right Xiangjiaba Xiluodu left Xiluodu right Xiluodu-Zhuzhou 970km Xiluodu-Zhexi Changsha Zhuzhou 1728km Zhexi 2,071 Km 6,400 MW +/- 800 kv DC Commercial Operation: 2011 Guangdong Reduction in CO 2 versus local Power Supply with Energy-Mix 41 m tons p.a. by using Hydro Energy and HVDC for Transmission E T PS SL/Re

20 Snapshots from DC Valve Tower Testing Dielectric Testing of Valve-Support Structure at High-Voltage Test Lab TU Karlsruhe, Germany E T PS SL/Re

21 Impressive Dimensions! * * at Siemens-HSP High-Voltage Test Lab Troisdorf, Germany E T PS SL/Re

22 ntegration of HVDC into the AC System E T PS SL/Re

23 Options of HVDC Interconnections a) c) Can be connected to long AC Lines b) c) a) Back-to-Back Solution b) HVDC Long-Distance Transmission c) Integration of HVDC into the AC System E T PS SL/Re

24 Benefits of Hybrid System Interconnections System unstable System stable DC supports AC in Terms of Stability E T PS SL/Re

25 China: Benefits of active Damping with HVDC & FACTS in a Hybrid AC-DC System Nayong Anshun Luoping Lubuge Yunnan Anshun Conv. Stat. TSQ-I Anshun Baise Guiyang TSQ-II TSQ Conv. Stat. Guangxi Power Flow in one Line Huishui-Hechi (MW) Guizhou Huishui FSC Hechi Pingguo HVDC Converter Station TCSC Power System Yantan Liudong TCSC & FSC Pingguo HVDC TSQ Nanning HVDC Gui-Guang GuiGuang I Liuzhou Guangxi Laibin Yulin Hezhou Wuzhou Guangdong Beijiao Conv. Stat. Zhaoqing Zhaoqing Conv. Stat. Guangzhou Luodong Gaomin a without Power Modulation b with Power Modulation of HVDC Control c further Improvements with Pingguo TCSC/FSC E T PS SL/Re E T PS SL/Re Hydro Power Station FSC Power flow in one line Huishui -Hechi (MVA) Thermal Power Station Beijiao Zhengcheng c a b a Time (s) Dynamic Results b

26 FACTS & HVDC Overview of Functions & Ranking System A System B System C System D System E System F Risk Barrier Risk of Spread of Voltage Collapse Barrier ** Classic or VSC Power Flow Control of Voltage Limitation of Faults SCP * Power Swing Damping Spread of Voltage Collapse HVDC LDT ** B2B ** FACTS TCSC SVC** SVC** SCCL Barrier Barrier Risk * SCP Short-Circuit Power (System MVA) E T PS SL/Re

27 The Vision: DC Energy Highway why not in Europe too? Connecting: Wind Power Hydro Plants Solar Fields E E T T PS PS SL/Re

28 Siemens FACTS & HVDC -worldwide Trans Bay Cable Lamar Bellaire & Crosby Thannet, 3 Greater Gabbard Radsted 2006 Ghusais, 2010 Etzenricht 1993 Hamria, Virginia Smith 1988 Inez 1998 Rejsby Hede 1997 Siems Wien Südost 1993 Mankhool, Lugo 1985 Spring Valley Pelham, 2 Harker & Satwa 2 Central, , 2 El Dorado 2 Dominion Marcy Moyle MSC 2003 Brushy Hill , 2 Gorakhpur Devers 2006 Willington x 1.7 GVAr! 2, 2 Purnea 3 Montagnais 1993 Nine Mile 2005 Châteauguay 1984 Dayton 2006 Kanjin (Korea) 2002 Sullivan 1995 Dürnrohr 1983 Porter 2006 Jacinto 2000 Paul Sweet Hoya Morena & 2 Lucknow Fengjie Adelanto 1995 Welsh 1995 Jijona Yangcheng 2000 Laredo Midway Benejama & 2 Hechi 2003 Seguin 1998 Saladas Vincent 2000 Kayenta Zem Zem , 2 Tian Guang 2003 Clapham 1995, 3 Puti 2005 Nopala 2007 Refurbishment Cerro Gordo 1999 Ahafo Gooty 2003 Military Highway Juile 2002 Buzwagi 2007 Baish Cuddapah Tecali Samitah Eddy County 1992 Sa o Luis 2007 Dodoma Sabah 2006 Chinú 1998 Shinyanga 2006 Fortaleza 1986 La Pila 1999 Iringa 2006 Cano Limón 1997 Milagres 1988 K.I. North 2004 Imperatriz 1999 Campina Grande 2000 Maputo 2003 Jember North-South III, Lot B 2007 Funil 2001 Barberton 2003 Kapal 1994 Sinop 2007 P. Dutra 1997 Illovo Serra de Mesa 1999 Alligator Creek 2009 Samambaia 2002 Athene Bom Jesus da Lapa 2002 Impala Acaray 1981 Muldersvlei 1997 Nebo 2007, Refurbishment Ibiuna 2002 Atacama 1999 Limpio Powerlink 2007, Refurbishment Strathmore Greenbank & Southpine Kikiwa & 2 Kemps Creek 1989 Islington, 2009 and over 120 Industry SVCs all over the World Status: E T PS SL/Re In total: over 180 SVCs Series FSC NGH TPSC TCSC Parallel SVC MSC/R STATCOM Flicker STATCOM Load Flow B2B/GPFC HVDC PLUS E T PS SVC SL/Re PLUS UPFC CSC 19 x VSC Plus 24 Projects for HVDC Long-Distance Transmission 8 alone between 2000 & 2005 on 4 Continents

29 Siemens is successful in the HVDC Business for more than 30 Years World s 1 st VSC HVDC with MMC- Technology World s 1 st HVDC with 500 kv DC Cable 1977/2004 Nelson River 1984 Poste Châte. World s 1 st HVDC with 8 kv Thyristors 1997/2004 Celilo 1995 Sylmar East 2007 Neptune 1987 Virginia Smith 2005 Lamar 2010 World s 1 st HVDC with Transmission Voltage above 500 kv E T PS SL/Re Trans Bay Cable 2001 Moyle 2010 Bridnet 2011 Spain-Mallorca Storebælt 2009 Ballia- Bhiwadi 2003/ Ge-Nan 2004 GuG I 2007 GuG II Status: E T PS SL/Re Power Division ESI 2001 Thailand- Malaysia 1995 Acaray 1977/ Welsh Cahora Bassa Basslink World s longest HVDC Cable in Operation World s 1 st HVDC with LTT and integrated BOD 1993 Etzenricht 1983 Dürnrohr 1993 Wien Südost 2000 TSQ 2009/2010 Yunnan- Guangdong 2011 Xiangjiaba- Shanghai World s largest 800 kv HVDC! World s 1 st HVDC with Transmission Voltage of 800 kv!

30 Conclusions Lessons learned: HVDC and FACTS are essential for Transmission E T PS SL/Re