Dietmar Retzmann From Blackout towards a Smart Grid more Reliability and Flexibility with Power Electronics

Transcription

1 Dietmar Retzmann From Blackout towards a Smart Grid more Reliability and Flexibility with Power Electronics PTD H 1 MT/Re

2 lobal rends in Power Markets PTD H 1 MT/Re

3 Electrical Energy is the Backbone of our Society PTD H 1 MT/Re

4 Transmission Systems - They are the VIPs of the Power Markets Generation Investments in Power Industry Transmission can be Distribution or -neck ~ 20 % ~ 40 % ~ 40 % Depending on Grid Structure PTD H 1 MT/Re PTD H 1 MT/Re

5 Example of China: Its Development is breathtaking Financial District Pudong, Shanghai 1989 Today PTD H 1 MT/Re

6 Development of Power Systems Extensions of Interconnected Systems Increased Power Exchange among the Interconnected Systems Transmission of large Power Blocks over long Distances (Hydro, Wind * and Solar Energy) Renewable Energy Resources at favorable Locations * * A Big Big Issue for for the the Grid Grid Developments in in all all Countries PTD H 1 MT/Re

7 Wind Power Generation during a Week of maximum Load in the E.ON Grid Example of Germany Source: E.ON This will be a Strong Issue both in the German Grid Development, and worldwide Problems with Wind Power Generation o Wind Generation varies strongly o It can not follow the Load Requirements Additional Reserve Capacity is required PTD H 1 MT/Re

8 Studies on Embedding of large Off-Shore Wind Farms in Europe DENA Study (Germany) Long-term: GW platform AC or DC Cables 2 AC overhead lines incl. Baltic Sea & On-Shore platform GIL in Tunnel to avoid Cables nearby the Coasts overhead lines 4 x GIL, 4 x SVC, 2 x HVDC Medium-term Planning Source: DENA Study PTD H 1 MT/Re

9 Today s Challenges for a Solution Provider Low Investment! Transmission Efficiency! Power Quality! Long Lifetime! Low CO 2 Emissions! System Stability! FACTS HVDC The Solution is: Power Electronics PTD H 1 MT/Re

10 ask 1 ecurity of Supply PTD H 1 MT/Re

11 If Power Flow exceeds the Design Criteria: Blackout * Problems only in the synchronous interconnected Systems System Enhancement necessary! Source: ITC 8/2003 Blackout Source: National Transmission Grid Study; U.S. DOE 5/2002 Preview * PTDF = Power Transfer Distribution Factor The US Blackout 2003: Congestion, Overloads and Loop Flows PTD H 1 MT/Re

12 6 Weeks after the US Blackout - a very large Blackout in Italy... the Risk of a Spread of Disturbance to UCTE was high Scheduled Power Transfer from the Neighbors to Italy: 6.4 GW out of 27 GW * Consumption: 24 % is too high! Europe needs Enhancements, too Similar Events and Root Causes Due to Country-Wide Celebration of the White Night in Italy, a more increased Power Import of 6.7 GW was observed during Saturday Night, From White Night to Black Night *Source: EURELECTRIC Task Force Final Report PTD H 1 MT/Re

13 European Power System Disturbance on 4th November 2006 At 21:38, both Circuits of a 400-kV-line in the North German Grid were switched-off in order to allow a large Ship to pass the Ems River At around 22:10 the whole Europe was affected and UCTE split into 3 Islands *Source: UCTE Final Report PTD H 1 MT/Re

14 Frequency a) and Phase b) Deviations a) Source: UCTE Final Report However, the Resynchronization Process was completed within 40 min after Splitting. This enabled the interconnected UCTE System to return to normal Operation in less than 2 hrs b) the Italian Blackout it stopped at 240 mhz!, In Therefore, UCTE was saved at that Time 200 mhz and much more PTD H 1 MT/Re

15 Reasons for high Probability of large Blackouts A Key-Issue in many Power Systems today: Source: The Grids UCTE Interim are close Report at their Limits Systems too complex to be tested properly (Protection, Controls) Insufficient Investments into the System (heavily loaded Network Elements) Lack of Maintenance Insufficient Training Human Errors Expected Actual Source: PTD H 1 MT/Re

16 ask 2 ustainability of Supply PTD H 1 MT/Re

17 HVDC Highlights in India: East-South Interconnector and Ballia-Bhiwadi Bhiwadi DC versus AC x 3-ph AC 400 kv 1 x +/- 500 kv * 2,500 MW India 800 km Example of HVDC Ballia-Bhiwadi: Reduction in CO 2 : 688,000 tons p.a. through 37 % less Transmission 1,450 km 2003 too long for AC 2,000 MW PTD H 1 MT/Re

18 Getting more Power out of the Grid Solutions with HVDC and FACTS PTD H 1 MT/Re

19 High Voltage Direct Current HVDC High Power DC Transmission Systems PTD H 1 MT/Re

20 Options of HVDC Interconnections a) c) Can be connected to long AC Lines b) c) a) Back-to-Back Solution b) HVDC Long Distance Transmission c) Integration of HVDC into the AC System PTD H 1 MT/Re

21 Cahora Bassa: World s first OHL Long-Distance DC Transmission with Thyristors: 1,414 km to Station Apollo, South Africa World s 1 st HVDC with Transmission Voltage above 500 kv! Siemens, AEG & BBC Station Songo, Mozambique 1977 Outdoor Valves, Oil-cooled PTD H 1 MT/Re

22 HVDC B2B - as Interconnector or Power-Flow Controller: Etzenricht, an Example from Germany 1993 System Data: Rated Power: DC Voltage: DC Current: AC Voltage: 600 MW 160 kv DC 3750 A 420 kv Designed for - 40 o C PTD H 1 MT/Re

23 India: East-South HVDC Interconnector Getting more Power out of the Grid ,500 MW RAI & LFL: full Use of Overload Capacity without additional Thyristors ,000 MW DC Station Talcher State of Orissa PTD H 1 MT/Re

24 Basslink HVDC: remote Infeed of Green Energy Hydro Plants for: Base Load and Energy Storage Benefits of HVDC: Clean Energy CO2 Reduction Cost Reduction flexible Plus Wind Power fuzzy 2005 Covering Base and Peak-Load Demands PTD H 1 MT/Re

25 Flexible AC Transmission Systems FACTS Power Quality in High Voltage AC Systems PTD H 1 MT/Re

26 Application of SVC Pelham, UK Voltage Control Reactive Power Control Power Oscillation Damping Unbalance Control (Option) Benefits: o Improvement in Voltage Quality 400 kv, 50 Hz o Increased Stability 2 parallel SVCs 1991 Deregulation caused Transmission Problems PTD H 1 MT/Re

27 SVC Siems - Germany: Support of HVDC Baltic Cable HVDC and FACTS in parallel Operation SVC for Grid Reinforcement and full Power Operation of the Baltic Cable HVDC Link Source: PTD H 1 MT/Re PTD H 1 MT/Re

28 SVC Siems the 1 st HV SVC in Germany SVC - Essential for enhanced Grid Access of the HVDC The Solution The Problem no Right of Way for 400 kv AC Grid Access of Baltic Cable HVDC PTD H 1 MT/Re

29 Getting more Power out of the Grid Technology Issues for for UHV DC Transmission PTD H 1 MT/Re

30 The Solution: AC & DC Power Transmission from West to East - Three Bulk Power Transmission Corridors Transmission Capacity of each Corridor will be 20 GW by 2020 North Corridor the installed Generation Capacity will be 900 GW 3 x 20 GW 800 kv DC & 1,000 kv AC Sources: Central Corridor South Corridor PTD H 1 MT/Re

31 Jinping ± 800 kv HVDC Transmission Project Leshan Jinping Plant I To Sichuan Power Grid Jinping Plant I I Guandi Linping Chongqing Wuhan Changsha Sunan Shanghai Xichang 2,237 Km 6,400 MW +/- 800 kv DC Planned 2012 For Comparison: Germany Guangdong 840 Km Source: Brazil-India-China Summit Meeting on HVDC & Hybrid Systems Planning and Engineering Issues, July 2006, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil PTD H 1 MT/Re PTD H Power 1 MT/Re Transmission and Distribution

32 Grid Extension in India - Hybrid AC plus DC DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL GRID Prospects in China and India: Smart and Strong Grids ZERDA BALLABGARH (DELHI RING) NR KOLHAPUR HISSAR JAIPUR DEHGAM PONDA KAIGA MANGALORE 3000M W LIMBDI GANDHAR/ AMRELI KAWAS JETPUR CHEGAON VAPI BHANDARA PIPAVAV TARAPUR AKOLA BOISAR PADGHE AMRAVATI LAKSHADWEEP JULLANDHAR SHIROHI DHABOL KOYNA KISHENPUR MOGA BANGALORE KOZHIKODE URI WR LONIKAND KARAD NARENDRA COCHIN KAYAMKULAM TRIVANDRUM WAGOORA DULHASTI NAGDA SIRSI RAVI SATLUJ SR A'PUR PUGALUR MALANPUR SINGRAULI SEONI SIPAT RAMAGUNDAM 2000MW TEHRI MEERUT BHIWADI M'BAD AGRA ALLAHABAD /UNNAO BINA HOSUR SATNA KORBA CHANDRAPUR 1000MW 2000M W CHITTOOR KARAIKUDI KAYATHAR LUCKNOW ARUN G'PUR RAIPUR SOUTH CHENNAI SINGARPET CUDDALORE CHICKEN NECK PTD H 1 MT/Re HIRMA ER TALCHER JEYPORE GAZUWAKA TEESTA VIJAYAWADA KRISHNAPATNAM VARANASI PHASE - III (By 2012) PURNEA ROURKELA LEGEND 765 KV LINES 400 KV LINES HVDC B/B HVDC BIPOLE BHUTAN TALA BONGAIGAON SILIGUR I/BIRPARA DIHANG DAMWE RANGANADI BADARPUR NER BANGLA DESH 500MW B'SHARIF /BARH KAHALGAON VINDHYA- CHAL N.K. KRISHNA NAGAR KATHAL- GURI MARIANI MISA TIPAIMUKH EXISTING/ X PLAN XI PLAN IX PLAN NICOBAR Similar Perspectives as in China ANDAMAN AND +/- 800 kv HVDC! 50 GW Hybrid: 40 GW DC 10 GW AC Source: Brazil-India-China Summit Meeting on HVDC & Hybrid Systems Planning and Engineering Issues, July 2006, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

33 Air-Core, Air-cooled Smoothing Reactor and Converter Transformer The Dimensions will be huge At Present 500 kv DC but can be extended to 800 kv DC Mostly a mechanical Issue But not only PTD H 1 MT/Re

34 UHV DC Bushing at Test Lab TU Graz Austria 800 kv DC Bushing in Test Field PTD PTD H 1 H MT/Re 1

35 Snapshots from DC Valve Tower Testing Dielectric Testing of Valve-Support Structure PTD H 1 MT/Re

36 Finally it will look like this: PTD H 1 MT/Re

37 Conclusions Transmission needs Elimination of Bottlenecks and Congestion by use of Advanced Technologies PTD H 1 MT/Re

38 Power System Expansion with Advanced Transmission Solutions HVDC PLUS 38 From Congestion, Bottlenecks and BlackoutPower towards a Smart Grid PTD H 1 MT/Re Transmission and Distribution

39 The Future? - with HVDC and FACTS Global Link for Green Energy PTD H 1 MT/Re