David Adler, Environmental Specialist, Diesel Expert Mathew Kwartin Environmental Specialist/Outreach Team June 24, 2015

Transcription

1 David Adler, Environmental Specialist, Diesel Expert Mathew Kwartin Environmental Specialist/Outreach Team June 24, 2015

2 Idling = NO CENTS Idling = Idling = Idling = Idling = Idling = Vehicle wear and tear Air Pollution Wasted Fuel Overall fleet costs Engine Life

3 Revised WA State Bus Driver Handbook

4 Fuel Conservation (page 21) Drivers can complete most of their pre-trip without running the engine. and take no more than 5 minutes After 3-5 minutes of warm- Up, drive at low speed to warm bus up

5 Fuel Conservation continued (page 22) the most fuel efficient way to accelerate is briskly and steadily without flooring it and up-shift without lugging the engine

6 Auburn Public School Bus Data Transportation Services Department Mission Statement: The Mission of the Transportation Services Department is to provide safe, dependable, cost-effective services for Auburn School District as directed by the school board and the superintendent within state and federal guidelines

7 How can idling add up? Annual collective mileage is 1,300,000 miles Average mpg of fleet = was 6.8, could be 7.8 Average daily fuel consumption = 854 gallons Average mileage for fleet per day = 6,664 miles Average daily cost = $ 2,647 in fuel Average daily savings = $ 391 in fuel Savings of 23,334 gallons per year. Or $72,335 saved/year 12.3 % operating cost savings

8 Size Does NOT Matter Wahluke s 21 buses Auburn s 100 buses Puyallup s 170 buses Range in mpg from 6.8 to 9.0 Average potential savings = 12.0 % of fuel budget

9 A Sample of the Year District gallons/day Miles/year Miles/day Old mpg New mpg $ saved Gallons Saved % Savings CO2 reductions lbs # Drivers Auburn 980 1,300,000 6, ,380 23, , North Shore 1,235 1,445, ,760 33, , Kent 1,387 1,596,408 8, ,860 31, , South Kitsap 817 1,000,000 5, ,380 36, , Mukilteo 884 1,097,820 6, ,920 20, , Shoreline ,735 3, ,580 11, , Puyallup 1,047 1,711,403 9, ,652 17, , Wahluke , ,585 3, , Sultan ,044 1, ,900 5, , Longview ,373 2, ,605 8, , Tumwater HS , ,600 3, , Oak Harbor ,888 2, ,460 8, , West Valley ,724 4, ,650 7, , Prosser ,742 1, ,820 9, , Shelton ,621 4, ,280 12, , Chimicum ,125 2, ,900 5, , Anacortes ,612 1, ,349 6, , North Thurston 1,198 1,510,000 8, ,000 26, , Bremerton ,069 1, ,364 8, , Olympia ,000 4, ,226 6, , Renton ,897 5, ,640 23, , Totals 12, ,466,670 90, mpg 7.85 mpg $1,072, ,546 gallons 14.0 % avg 6,846,269 1,598

10 School buses in Washington Lift buses in the state 1,762 17% Non-lift buses in state 8,551 83% Total 10,313

11 We grew up driving our parents cars. Lessons learned became habits. Things to remember: Adjust your mirrors Warm up the car Seat belt buckled Check your gauges Braking distances.

12 The cars we drive today are much more sophisticated, more reliable and more fuel efficient. We still need to adjust our mirrors, but as for warm up time

13 This applies to diesels as well 1950 s vintage bus 2015 vintage bus

14 5 Idling Scenarios $ Morning Pre-trip warm up $ Inter-trip Individual and Communal $ Specials Weekday and weekend $ Handicapped Buses $ Re-gen and Routing

15 Pre-Trip Common Practice Step 1: Start the bus Step 2: Do the walk around. Kick the tires. Check the glass. Step 3: Run the lights, check the horn. Step 4: Continue to warm up the bus. Check the air. Step 5: Head back in the office to check , get fresh coffee. Bus is still running to warm things up. Step 6: Jump in the bus after regular morning routine and head out for first run.

16 From candid conversations with drivers Idling warms the bus and me up. After 45 minutes in winter the windows start to clear. The block heaters do not work so I warm up the bus the old fashion way. Not my money. Can t load kids onto a cold bus. Biggest offenders are the senior drivers who everyone fears. Not my problem, and the boss does NOT care. Try enforcing no idle at the yard. Or better yet off school campuses. Ha.

17 Inter-Trip Idling The bus is left running between routes during the course of the day. This can be for several short intervals of a few minutes, or for significantly longer periods of time where the driver finds a quiet place to park. This is a habit developed over time and routine.

18 WA based trucking company founded in Based in Pacific, WA, now has over 2,000 trucks.

19 Gordon Trucking Actual Truck Data 130,000 miles per year, 26,584 gallons at 4.89 mpg

20 Gordon Trucking Actual Truck Data 28% increase in fuel mileage and 46% total idling time reduction 19,316 gallon at 6.73 = 7,268 gallons saved X $3.10 per gallon = $22,530 saved

21 Specials Separate trips requiring greater distances, longer down time, etc. Such as football games, basketball games, ski trips, a day at the zoo, etc. Museum Trips High School sports Ski Trips Zoo

22 Specials Notorious for letting the vehicles run throughout the event. Drivers generally do not have a place to hang out and relax. Very few drivers are conscientious enough to shut down the bus during the long waits. Quotes from drivers. We get paid weather the bus is on or off. It s not my fuel, why should I care. I m not gonna sit in a cold wet bus for 4 hours without heat. The district can afford fancy uniforms and gear for kids, they can afford some extra diesel.

23 Football Games 2 buses for the players 1 bus for cheerleaders Extra buses for fans Same situation as in ski resorts No place warm and dry to hang out Drivers hang with their own bus and idle to stay warm 3-4 hours of idling per bus Other events include: Baseball games Softball games Water Polo and swim meets Volleyball games Basketball games Track meets Academic competitions Robotics competitions

24 Handicapped or Lift gate Buses Washington Administrative Code: WAC General school bus driver requirements. The following are school bus driver requirements: (4) Except in accordance with district policy no school bus driver shall leave the driver's seat without first securing the school bus by setting the parking brake, placing the transmission in the manufacturer's recommended position, shutting off the engine, and removing the key from the ignition switch. The keys shall be kept in the driver's or other authorized school official's possession.

25 Realities in the Field $ Huge challenges loading and unloading $ Every chair tied down using 3-4 points of contact $ Weather issues $ Electrical load on vehicle starting system

26 Protocols and Procedures Despite the regulations to shut down the buses, drivers let them idle, in some cases for hours.

27 Re-Gen and Routing Selecting the right bus for the right route may NOT be the politically correct thing to do. Newer buses require a duty cycle with specific requirements that need to be met in order to utilize and optimize emissions reduction devices. New bus Proper routing Effective use of technology

28 Passive (CAT) This uses heat from the engine and a catalytic converter to burn the soot, but this only works well in over the road applications where exhaust heat stays high.

29 Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Using a dosing valve to inject ammonia into the exhaust stream. Use urea (Diesel Exhaust Fluid - DEF) because it is safer to handle and store. The exhaust is absorbed onto a catalyst and coverts NOx to nitrogen (N2) and water (H2O)

30 Diesel Particulate Filter Wall Flow Structure Reduces HC & CO by 80% to 95% Reduces PM by 85% Duty cycle dependent >300 C 30% Fuel specific <50 ppm Sulfur

31 SCR = Simple, Systematic, Optimized DD15 + Mild EGR Rate Better fuel economy Better performance Less Soot + Active Regen Less regenerations Better fuel economy + + SCR catalyst + DEF Near Zero NOx and PM Reduced CO2 SCR Uses Multiple Systems to Reduce Emissions Gradually Optimizing Performance Along the Way 31

32 Re-Gen and Routing Correct Driver + Specific Route + No Idling + Appropriate Bus = Optimal Results New Driver Senior Driver New Bus Poor Mpg Short Run New Bus Great Mpg Long Run Continual Running No Idle

33 Idling and Manufacturer s Warranties Many school district bus technicians report excessive idle times on their engines, in some cases over 50% idle times. Manufacturers of diesel engines, especially with DPF technology, are taking a long hard look at excessive idle time outside normal design parameters. High idle percentage has a dramatic and detrimental impact on their diesel engines and components.

34 Idling is a verb. An action word. Leaving the vehicle running for longer than 30 seconds when it is more economical and safe to turn the engine off and save fuel and wear and tear on the engine. This specifically applies to vehicles 1996 and newer, both gasoline and diesel. Idling Idling During Long Trips Inefficient Pre-trip Idling Between Trips Costs You More Than You Think

35 Thank you for your time and attention; If you have additional questions, please feel free to contact us: David Adler, Diesel Emissions Specialist, WA State Dept. of Ecology Mathew Kwartin, Outreach Coordinator, WA State Dept. of Ecology Cindy James, Environmental Specialist, WA State Dept. of Ecology (retrofit grants)