SOUTHERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE , RACE COURSE CROSS ROAD, BANGALORE

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1 SOUTHERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE , RACE COURSE CROSS ROAD, BANGALORE

2 Preface The Southern Regional Grid during the year experienced a sharp increase in the demand growth. The increase in the peak demand and daily average energy over the last year were by 12% and 8% respectively, touching a figure of MW in respect of the peak demand and 560 MU in respect of maximum energy met in a day. However the growth in generation capacity addition was not in commensuration with the growth in demand as during the year merely a capacity of just 603 MW (1.6%) was added in the region. Such wide gap between supply and demand growth had certainly affected the system frequency profile in the region, bringing down the actual operating band in the IEGC range to around 94 % as compared to 97 % that of last year. To tackle the issue of steep demand growth, the Constituents took all possible measures including entering into STOA contracts for imports and maximizing their generation availability even by harnessing the high cost Naptha/Diesel based generation. The contribution of inter regional links to avail opportunistic UI and STOA transactions and marginal improvement in the system voltage profile over the previous year were helpful in optimizing the system losses and in maximizing the generation availability. The operation of the System Protection Scheme in the event of unforeseen outage of the Talcher - Kolar HVDC link was also of immense help in preserving the system security. All the above measures and consistent efforts with sustained cooperation by all the SR constituents made it possible to have another disturbance free year of operation, despite the steep growth in demand. The ULDC system, being the eyes and ears of the grid operator, provided great help in operating the grid. SRLDC has extended its full support to the SLDCs for developing Power Network Analysis (PNA) models to do contingency analysis in their state system. In-house development of data extraction tool and real time demand estimation tool is another feather in the cap of SR ULDC scheme. To augment their technical know-how a substantial number of the System Operators in the region were exposed to variety of in-house training courses by SRLDC, which include the programmes on ULDC, grid management, open access and intra-state ABT. The web site maintained by SRLDC at also proved to be of immense help to all users as it hosts entire data related to reports, schedules, operation, commercial and many other technical activities to facilitate effective system operation. This document in the form of Annual Report contains the highlights and progress made by Southern Region as well as the details of power supply position and system parameters during the year. Feed back on the report and/or suggestions for any further improvement are most welcome.

3 OPERATIONAL SUMMARY INSTALLED CAPACITY IN MW(At the end of the year) * * GENERATION CAPACITY ADDITION (MW) PEAK DEMAND MET (MW) - SOUTHERN REGION ANDHRA PRADESH KARNATAKA KERALA TAMILNADU PONDICHERRY AVERAGE DAILY ENERGY CONSUMPTION (MU) - SOUTHERN REGION ANDHRA PRADESH KARNATAKA KERALA TAMILNADU PONDICHERRY AVERAGE ISGS GENERATION (MU) AVERAGE GRID FREQUENCY(Hz) AVERAGE FREQUENCY VARIATION INDEX % TIME GRID FREQUENCY - BELOW 49.0Hz BETWEEN 49.0Hz & 50.5Hz ABOVE 50.5Hz AVERAGE OF DAILY MAXIMUM AND DAILY MINIMUM VOLTAGES (KV) Max / Min Max / Min Max / Min Max / Min - BANGALORE 411/ / / / HYDERABAD 420/ / / / CHENNAI 416/ / / / TRISSUR 410/ / / / EXCHANGE THROUGH HVDC LINKS (MU) - TALCHER-KOLAR BIPOLE (WITH ER) IMPORT EXPORT GAZUWAKA HVDC BTB (WITH ER) IMPORT EXPORT BHADRAVATI HVDC BTB (WITH WR) IMPORT EXPORT * Includes Wind & Co-generation etc.

4 CONTENTS PAGE No.. Section 1 Highlights During the Year 1 Section 2 Southern Regional Grid An Overview 4 Section 3 New Generating Units/Lines/Sub-Stations commissioned during the year 9 Section 4 ULDC Scheme in Southern Region 12 Section 5 Generating Capacity 5.1 Summary of Installed Generating Capacity Details of Installed Generating Capacity Growth of Installed Generating Capacity during past decade 33 Section 6 Power Supply Position 6.1 Summary of Power Supply Position Monthwise Power Supply Position (Energy MU/day & Peak MW) Monthwise Maximum, Minimum Energy Consumption with corresponding dates Monthwise Maximum and Minimum Demand met (MW) with corresponding dates Demand met (MU/day and Peak MW) in Southern Region during past decade Average Daily Schedule vs. Actual drawal by States from Central Sector Stations Monthwise Inter-Regional Exchanges Inter-Regional Exchange during past 6 years Kadamparai Pumped Storage Plant Operational Details during past 6 years 43 Section 7 Generating Stations Performance 7.1 Summary of Regional Energy Generation (MU/day) Performance of Generating Stations Monthwise PLF of Thermal / Nuclear Generating Stations Average Daily Schedule vs. Actual Generation by ISGSs 53 Section 8 Regional Load Curve Data 8.1 Generation vs. Load for the Maximum Demand Day Generation vs. Load for the Minimum Demand Day 55 Section 9 Frequency, Voltage & Reservoir data 9.1 Monthwise Frequency Analysis Monthwise Maximum / Minimum Voltage recorded at 400 KV Buses Reservoir Data Frequency Analysis during last 6 years Voltage Analysis during last 7 years 60 Section 10 Miscellaneous 10.1 Under Frequency Relays Provision in Southern Region Shunt Capacitors Installation in Southern Region 62 Graphs G-1 Break-up of effective Generating Capacity (source-wise) 63 G-2 Break-up of effective Generating Capacity (constituents-wise) 64 G-3 Source-wise contribution to Regional Energy during G-4 Source-wise contribution to Peak Met during G-5 Month-wise Frequency Spectrum 67 G-6 Annual Load Duration Curve 68 G-7 Annual Frequency Duration Curve 70 G-8 Load Curves for Maximum and Minimum Demand day 71 G-9 Reservoir Levels during last 5 years 73 Exhibits E KV Network 77 E-2 Details of Reactors on Lines and Buses 78

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6 1.1 Power Supply Position HIGHLIGHTS DURING THE YEAR During the year , the Southern Region has witnessed a maximum consumption of energy of MU on 23 rd March 2007 and maximum peak demand of 25,039 MW on 27 th March 2007 as against the maximum values MU and MW met last year. In respect of daily average energy, the increase is from MU/day to MU/day. As can be inferred from the related data, the increase in the daily average energy and peak MW as compared to previous year is 12 % and 7 % respectively as against the generation capacity addition of just 1.6% (603 MW) during the year. Daily Consumption Plot For & CONSUMPTIONINMUs ----> Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar MONTHS ----> Despite both the peak demand and energy shortages being high during the year, the power supply position in the Region has by and large been maintained in a satisfactory manner. This was possible only due to the sustained efforts put forth and cooperation extended by all the constituents. In order to have overall economy and efficiency, power was also exchanged by SRLDC with the neighboring Regions on opportunity basis. During the rainy season of the year though the inflows were not as high as that received during the previous year, still they were better compared to the normal average and the constituents optimally utilized the hydro reserves. 1.2 Frequency Regime During certain period of the year, particularly during the months of October-March, 2007 the system frequency sustained in the low range due to high demand coupled with low generation at some stations due to shortage of fuel and limited hydro reserves, etc. Due to these reasons, for certain durations SR grid has operated even below 49.0 HZ i.e. below IEGC normal band Frequency Duration Curve (Last 5 Years) FREQINHZ---> % OF TIME ---> 1

7 The frequency profile within IEGC normal band of operation i.e., between Hz was for 93.96% of time and it was below 49 Hz. for 5.96% of the time and above 50.5 Hz for 0.08% of the time. 1.3 Voltage Profile During the year there was a marginal improvement in the voltage profile in the Grid. The voltage generally remained within normal operating range with average daily minimum voltage of 387 KV at Bangalore, which is the lowest Voltage node in the 400 KV grid of SR. At times, during the lean demand period the voltage levels had increased and to contain the voltage all possible measures were taken by SRLDC including opening of some of the EHV lines. Bangalore Voltage Comparision on a Typical Day (1 st Feb 06 & 07) VOLTAGE (KV) --> TIME IN HRS ---> The improvement in the voltage profile could be achieved due to judicious switching in and switching out actions of the VAR controlling devices (reactors and capacitors etc.), changing of transformer taps as well as participation by the generating units in VAR management. The month wise details of the maximum, minimum and average of daily minimum and maximum voltage of important 400 KV substations are given in Section Short-term Open Access (STOA) As nodal agency, during a number of transactions under STOA were approved by SRLDC and simultaneous approval/consent was also accorded for wheeling of the power from ER/NER to WR/NR through SR. During the year, a total 570 number of STOA cases were processed by SRLDC as nodal agency involving intra-region, and interregional (import) transactions under STOA with a total approved energy quantum of 2100 MU, leading to transfer of substantial power from surplus areas to deficit areas. In view of the higher usage of transmission network due to open access, significant amount of relief to the SR constituents was also possible towards payment of annual transmission charges. 1.5 Inter Regional Exchanges Depending on the system conditions on opportunity basis, there has been a remarkably large UI exchange with neighboring regions. In the year , SR has exported to WR, the energy to the tune of 192 MU and imported the energy to the tune of 497 MU. To ER SR has exported energy to the tune of 251 MU and imported the energy to the tune of 343 MU. The figure shown below indicates the details of UI imported from 2

8 WR/ER to SR on a typical day where the import under UI was to the extent of 20.31MU and during certain period imported quantity was as high as 1208 MW from WR and 590 MW from ER. By exchanging UI with neighboring regions, SR constituents have gained to the tune of Rs.81 Crores net during the year in the form of differential UI incentive/gains Typical Day UI Import From ER/WR to SR on 05-Mar UI MW ----> CG Freq FREQ (HZ) ----> SR Freq HOURS ---> 1.6 Up-To-Date Settlement of UI Pool Account During the year , the total turnover in SR in respect of UI is 2761 MU with disbursement amount of Rs. 942 Crores which on an average comes out to be around 52 MU energy exchange per week with average disbursement of 18 Crores of Rupees. With the active co-operation of all the constituents, SRLDC has been able to maintain up-to-date settlement of UI transaction and no amount is outstanding amongst the constituents. 1.7 Safe and Secure Grid Operation In view of the system strengthening and increase in the generation level as well as substantial operational efforts, the system parameters were maintained in normal range and security and safety of the grid was kept intact and no major disturbance occurred in the grid during the year

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10 SOUTHERN REGIONAL GRID - AN OVERVIEW 2.1 SOUTHERN REGIONAL GRID SR Grid Constituents Southern Regional (SR) grid is a large system comprising of sq. kms.of area encompassing 4 states system viz Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, TamilNadu and kerala and Union Territory of Pondicherry and Central Sector, State sector and Independent Power Producing Generating stations. Different states are interconnected with each other through 400 KV grid network and some 220 KV inter-state lines. ANDHRA PRADESH KARNATAKA INSTALLED CAPACITY:-4992 MW PEAK DEMAND MET:-5959 MW INSTALLED CAPACITY:-7033 MW PEAK DEMAND MET:-8641 MW DAILY AVERAGE CONSUMPTION:-156 MU DAILY AVERAGE CONSUMPTION:- 110 MU KERALA INSTALLED CAPACITY:-2072 MW PEAK DEMAND MET:-2742 MW DAILY AVERAGE CONSUMPTION:-40 MU TAMILNADU INSTALLED CAPACITY:-5580 MW PEAK DEMAND MET:-8803 MW DAILY AVG CONSUMPTION:-157 MU Effective Generation Capacity of SR Effective generating capacity as on 31 st March 2007 : MW Regional peak demand met ( ) : MW Average energy consumption( ) : MU/Day Transmission systems (as on 31 st March 2007) HVDC : 2738 ckt. kms. 400 kv A.C : ckt. kms. 220 kv A.C : ckt. kms. 4

11 SOURCE-WISE EFFECTIVE GENERATING CAPACITY OF SOUTHERN REGION AS ON 31-MAR-07 WIND 12.2% HYDRO 30.1% NUCLEAR 2.4% GAS/NAPTHA/DIESEL 12.3% THERMAL 43.0% Salient features of the Southern Regional Grid 3 rd largest geographical area amongst the five regions, covering apporx.19% of the area & approx. 22% of India s population and 29% of the Installed Capacity. Best Hydro thermal mix(30-70%) amongst all five regions giving, best operational flexibility 2600 MW Capacity Thermal Power Station of NTPC at Ramagundam which is the second largest capacity generating station in the country. Largest Pump storage schemes in the country at Srisailam (900MW), Andhra Pradesh and at Kadamparai (400MW), Tamil Nadu, bringing about economy in scale and operational flexibility MW capacity Talchar-Kolar HVDC interconnection with the Eastern Region, which is the largest capacity HVDC interconnection in the country MW Wind Mill generating capacity (Approx.) which is highest amongst all the regions MW capacity (Approx) from Independent Power Producers (IPP s) generating plants, which is also highest amongst all the regions. 5

12 2.2 FUNCTIONS OF SRLDC As the Apex Body for operation of the integrated grid, the statutory functions of SRLDC are: Optimum scheduling and despatch of electricity within the Region; Monitoring grid operation ; Exercising supervision and control over the Inter-State Transmission System (ISTS); Responsible for Carrying out real time operations for grid control and despatch of electricity within the region through secure and economic operation of the regional grid in accordance with the Grid Standards and the Grid Code. 2.3 CHANGED FACE OF OPERATION OF SR GRID 2000MW power handling capacity of Talcher-Kolar HVDC coupled with 1000 MW capacity HVDC links each at Gazuwaka and Chandrapur has certainly played a vital role in the Southern Region System operation as many utilities exchanged STOA transactions through / from SR to other regions and vice versa. After the synchronization of Northern Grid with the Central grid substantial enhancement in utilization of all HVDC / Inter Regional links of SR with neighboring regions viz. ER and WR has been achieved in both direction. This has helped all the grids to combat the high demand situations through opportunistic UI power import. By commissioning of 400 KV Neelamangala - Mysore D/C line and 400 KV Neelamangala Somanahalli S/C line, the availability of power in Bangalore and Mysore area has considerably been improved and the avenues for power transfer from Karnataka to Kerala would be improved. By commissioning of LILO of 400 KV Nellore Sriperumbudur D/C lines at Almathy, the voltages around Almathy have improved and the transmission system for transfer of power to Tamil Nadu has also been strengthened. 6

13 2.4 SPECIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS OF SRLDC Grid Security and Safety The SR grid security and safety has been enhanced remarkably in the recent past following large number of measures taken as stated above and close coordination with the different Control centers/utilities. As a testimony to this, it can be seen that NO MAJOR DISTURBANCE in Southern Region has taken place in the last five years Economic and Efficient System Operation In view of the strengthening of the network and various reactive control measures like switching in/switching out of the Reactors, changing of Transformer Tap positions and operation of generating units in VAR generation/absorption mode etc., the voltage profile in SR grid has improved consistently. As a result of the improvement in the voltage profile, the overall system loss in the region also improved bringing about overall economy and efficiency. Further, ABT coupled with STOA Regulations has infused a sense of commercial awareness amongst all the constituents of the region and has brought about a marked improvement in the system operation, parameters, economy and efficiency in the Region. Open access in Power trading has also enhanced the utilization of available resources by constituents including use of Unrequisitioned Surplus (URS) power and high cost Naptha / Diesel generation, which led to economy as well improvement in system parameters Metering and Settlement System under ABT Regime SRLDC plays an important and a key role in metering and settlement system in Southern Regional grid. Over 450 Special Energy Meters (SEMs) of 0.2S accuracy class have been installed and commissioned covering 80 locations in the region in order to measure active as well as reactive energy exchanges at various inter utility exchange points of the States and ISGS. The data from these meters are read on weekly basis on every Monday and transferred electronically to SRLDC for processing, validation and for preparation of weekly Unscheduled Interchange (UI) / Reactive Energy (RE) accounts. With the sustained support rendered by constituents, the pool account for UI and Reactive Energy Charges in the region are well operated and maintained by SRLDC resulting in NIL outstanding dues for settlement in the Pool Account In-house development of operational utilities In view of transfer of REA responsibility up to 30 th September, 2006 SRLDC has made and issued UI & Reactive Energy accounts successfully with the help of in-house software utilities developed for the purpose. Subsequently as per 7

14 the CERC directions the REA responsibility has been transferred to SRPC Secretariat. Further the following software utilities developed in-house by SRLDC has helped imminently in commercial and operation activities : Training - SEM data Checking / Validation Software - Regional Energy Accounting Software - Scheduling Software - Short Term Open Access (STOA) Software Utility - ISTS Shutdown Coordination Software Utility - Outage Programme Software Utility for Generators and ISTS In order to enhance the skill of the system operators / development engineers at different control centers in the regions, SRLDC using in-house and external faculties has conducted various training programmes to the operating staff of SR constituents, which include Java programming for SCADA, RTU and XA-21 user level modules, etc. These training programmes have given a lot of confidence to the operators / development engineers, in order to utilise the facility provided under ULDC scheme in best possible manner. Training was also provided to engineers on Grid Management & Open Access which helped them in gaining good knowledge for grid operation. SRLDC staff members shared their experience by conducting familiarization sessions on implementation of frequency linked dispatch guide lines, IEGC, Intra-State ABT, etc., to some of the SR constituents viz. KPTCL, KPCL, TNEB, NLC & NTPC SRLDC Website: SRLDC website hosts lot of useful and relevant information in regard to grid operation and control. In order to update all the players and other agencies in and outside the grid, the various power supply position (psp) reports prepared at SRLDC on daily, weekly and monthly basis, and other relevant reports/documents are regularly uplinked to the website. The complete range of information related to daily schedules, bilateral contracts, un requisitioned surplus power, real time data, energy meter data and the pool account operation details etc., are also made available on the website thereby bringing complete transparency in the entire process and leading to a zero dispute regime of system operation. 2.5 GRID SECURITY ENHANCEMENT USING SYSTEM PROTECTION SCHEME The System Protection Scheme to safeguard the system in the event of tripping of 2000 MW capacity HVDC Talcher-Kolar link has successfully operated in the SR Grid during the year. Under this scheme automatic load shedding is being carried out in the event of tripping of HVDC link by transmitting inter-trip signals to distant sub-stations through PLCC Channels. Total load relief of around

15 MW from sub-stations of all the states is achieved by communicating trip signal through wide band communication network. The scheme has been of immense help in enhancing the SR grid safety and security in the event of tripping of HVDC Talcher-Kolar links. 2.6 THE ROAD AHEAD Change is a continuous process, especially in the Power Sector where rapid changes are taking place to commensurate with the National Electricity Policy and it s plan. Recognizing that lack of electricity can affect the rapid economic growth, the Nation has set itself massive expansion plans in this sector and the target of providing electricity to all household by the end of the XI Plan. However to meet the wide gap in demand and supply, to meet the widely distributed loads and supply of reliable and quality power of specified standards in an efficient manner at reasonable rates is the real challenge to all the Power Engineers. In this regard the CERC directions through its various orders are certainly helping the operators in maintaining the grid in safe and operable limits. An important issue which requires immediate attention is harnessing of large quantum of unutilized generation available with CPPs and IPPs within the States as this would not only help the grid to meet its increased demand but would also give assistance to the neighboring Regions during crisis situations by transferring the power through STOA and UI. Implementation of intra-state ABT in the State is another important issue as this would help in rationalization of tariff and optimization in scheduling process within the States for the generators and distribution companies. It is therefore important that the States make all possible efforts to achieve this goal and optimize their generation as well as adopt best possible demand side management techniques utilizing good load forecasting methods and other available means. Further with the interconnectivity of different regions and their networks, the grid operation is becoming more complex and necessary training is also to be imparted to the system operators to handle the system in all conditions. An issue which is of absolute importance during the current scenario, particularly in respect of Southern Region is the availability of abundant Wind generation without good predictability. Therefore, necessary emphasis is required to be put by all in order to develop accurate tools for forecasting the wind generation. The CERC staff paper on new ISTS tariff & losses throws another challenge to the Power System Engineers in the coming years. This has been brought in not only with the idea of bringing in the rationalization of tariff, but also to evaluate the losses with distance and direction sensitivity. This requirement is to be addressed by the Power System community in true earnest and also keeping in view the simplicity and practicality for its implementation. 9

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17 3. NEW GENERATING UNITS/LINES/SUB-STATIONS COMMSSIONED DURING THE YEAR GENERATING UNITS SL.NO. ANDHRA PRADESH STATION NAME CAPACITY (MW) TYPE OF FUEL DATE 1 VEMAGIRI CCPP (ST) 137 GAS 06-Jun-06 2 RAYALASEEMA TPS U # COAL 25-Jan-07 3 WINDMILL 1.08 WIND BAGASSE BIOMASS KARNATAKA 6 MINI HYDEL 3.2 HYDRO 14-Sep-06 7 ENERCON WIND FARM 52 WIND 26-Oct-06 8 ENERCON WIND FARM 16.8 WIND 29-Dec-06 9 WINDMILL 48.9 WIND BIOMASS Dec-06 KERALA TAMIL NADU 11 BHAVANI KATTALAI BARRAGE - I U # 1 15 HYDRO 01-Aug BHAVANI KATTALAI BARRAGE - I U # 2 15 HYDRO 22-Sep ARKEY ENERGY (ST) 14.8 GAS 15-Apr-06 CENTRAL SECTOR NIL NIL TOTAL 603 9

18 3.2 TRANSMISSION LINES SL.NO. NAME OF LINE CKT NO KV CKT KM DATE ANDHRA PRADESH 1 VEMAGIRI - KONASEEMA I & II Jul-06 2 ANANTHPUR - KALYANDURG I Aug-06 3 VEMAGIRI - GAUTAMI CCPP I Aug-06 4 VEMAGIRI - GAUTAMI CCPP II Aug-06 5 VEMAGIRI - BHMAVARAM I & II Jan-07 6 LILO OF BOMMURU - VIJJESWARAM VEMAGIRI I KARNATAKA 7 LILO OF SHIMOGA - BASTHIPURA I May-06 8 LILO OF SHAHAPUR - SHAHABAD I May-06 9 LILO OF SHIMOGA - NITTUR I Sep LILO OF GOWRIBIDANUR - DB DEVANAHALLI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT I Nov LILO OF RTPS - SHAHAPUR I & II Dec LILO OF LINGAPUR - KUDITINI (BTPS) I Dec LILO OF LINGASUGUR - SHAHAPUR I Dec-06 KERALA NIL TAMIL NADU 14 LILO OF TTPS-PARAMIKUDI AT SIPCOT I & II Jun LILO OF TTPS-SR PUDUR AT SANKANERI I Aug LILO OF NCTPS-MOSUR AT ALMATHY I Aug-06 POWERGRID 17 NELAMANGALA - MYSORE I & II Apr LILO OF NELLORE - ALMATHY II May LILO OF NELLORE - ALMATHY I May NELAMANGALA - SOMANAHALLI I & II Dec-06 10

19 3.3 SUB-STATIONS SL.NO. SUB STATION MVA RATING KV LEVEL DATE NEW SUB-STATIONS 1 BHIMAVARAM 2 x /132/33 2-Feb DEVANAHALLI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (BEGUR) 1 x /110/11 13-Sep-06 1 x /110/11 6-Oct-06 1 x /66 25-Nov-06 4 PUDANCHANDAI 2 x / Apr-06 1 x / Jun-06 5 ALAMATHY 1 x / Jul-06 1 x /230 8-Dec-06 NPC NIL 6 SUB-STATIONS AUGMENTATION NIL 1 x / Apr-06 1 x / Apr-06 7 REPLACEMENT OF I ST 100MVA X MER WITH NRS 1 x /66 18-Aug ND ITAGI 1 x /66 11-Oct-06 9 ANDHRA PRADESH KARNATAKA NITTUR KERALA TAMIL NADU POWERGRID MYSORE ANDHRA PRADESH KARNATAKA REPLACEMENT OF I ST 100MVA X MER WITH SUBRAMANYAPURA KERALA TAMIL NADU NPC POWERGRID NIL 1 x /66 28-Jan ND NARENDRA 1 x / Aug-06 NIL NIL NIL 11

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21 4.1 Overview ULDC SCHEME IN SOUTHERN REGION The Unified Load Despatch Scheme (ULDC) in SR has been commissioned in January The scheme envisaged installation and commissioning of Remote Terminal Units (RTUs), integration of existing RTUs in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Unit Territory of Pondicherry, installation and commissioning of dedicated communication system comprising of Fibre Optic, Microwave and PLCC system, installation and commissioning of Auxiliary Power supply system such as UPS, DG set, 48V D.C supply system and installation of EPABX system. Under this scheme the Regional System Coordination Centers (RSCC) & Central Project Coordination Centers (CPCC) were established at Bangalore whereas State Load Despatch Centres (SLDCs) were established at Mamidapally (Andhra Pradesh), Bangalore (Karnataka), Kalamassery (Kerala), Chennai (Tamil Nadu) along with system control center (SCC) at Pondicherry. Under each SLDC, Sub-LDCs were also established. The hierarchy of ULDC in Southern Region is given below: RLDC,Bangalore CPCC SCC, Pondy Hyderabad Kalamassery Chennai Bangalore Andhra Kerala Tamilnadu Karnataka HYDERBAD WARANGAL KALAMASSERY CHENNAI BANGALORE CUDDAPAH KANNUR ERODE HUBLI VIJAYAWADA TRIVANDRUM MADURAI LINGASUGUR A list of RTUs integrated in ULDC scheme is enclosed as Annexure-I. Also, connectivity details of Workstations, Front-End Processors and Application Servers at RSCC and SLDCs are enclosed at Annexure-II 4.2 Specific Functions The SCADA-EMS system in ULDC is a suite of various Applications covering a broad spectrum of functions like Pre-Dispatch, Real-Time and Post-Dispatch functions. The details of these functions and their deployment in RSCC, SLDC s and Sub-LDC s are given in Annexure-III. 12

22 4.3 Communication Package A strong Communication Backbone is the key to the smooth functioning of the ULDC scheme. The Communication backbone is mainly on Fibre-Optic and Microwave links whereas the last mile connectivity is mostly on Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC) links. The details of Fibre-Optic and Microwave Communication packages are given below. The Geographical map showing the details of Communication Backbone Network is enclosed at Annexure-IV DETAILS OF FIBRE-OPTIC AND MICROWAVE PACKAGES FIBRE-OPTIC MICROWAVE TO NO. OF HOPS S. NO. CONSTITUENTS TOTAL LENGTH OF FIBRE OPTIC CABLE IN KMS TOTAL NO. OF TOWERS 1 CENTRAL SECTOR APTRANSCO KPTCL VSAT COMM LINKS PROVIDED BY KPTCL 4 KSEB TNEB UT OF PONDICHERRY NIL 3 3 TOTAL As the back up route to different SLDC s was on the same physical route (through Optical Fibre Cable/Microwave), outage of the physical route was causing loss of data. In order to provide reliability & redundancy in data communication channel, an alternate physical route between SRLDC & SLDC s has been established through a separate agency (i.e. BSNL) which has greatly improved the data availability/reliability. 4.4 Energy Management System Under this scheme various Energy Management System (EMS) modules have been implemented in the different control centers (RSCC/SLDCs). The power application functions under EMS package implemented in control centers support operational requirement of the SR grid and can be broadly grouped into Pre-dispatch, Real time dispatch and Post-dispatch functions. The Energy Management System (EMS) tools such as state estimation, contingent analysis, optimum power flow, load forecasting, resources scheduling and commitment has provided system operators greater flexibility in taking appropriate and judicious decisions during the course of operation. To supplement further, the following operational tools have been developed Power Network Analysis (PNA) Module: Due to complexity associated with the size of Power Network Analysis (PNA) module, the common network model was truncated control area-wise with view to develop different truncated model at the respective state and then to integrate the same to a common network model. All SR states have developed their PNA model separately. The models developed in Andhra Pradesh (AP), Karnataka (KAR), Kerala (KER), Tamil Nadu (TN) and RSCC have been integrated at RSCC and is working satisfactorily. This has given an additional tool to system operator to do the contingent analysis more accurately. 13

23 4.4.2 Disturbance Data Collection (DDC) Display: Disturbance data collection (DDC) module has been fully configured to collect all telemetered parameters for a pre-configured interval before and after a disturbance. The disturbance trigger can be a single event or a complex set of violation in the grid. During a grid disturbance or system occurrence the snap shot of the entire grid is stored in the system. Generally a pre-disturbance period of 5 minutes and a post disturbance period of 15 minutes information are available. DDC display is run to view the events that have taken place 5 minutes prior and 15 minutes after the disturbance. This tool has helped system operator in analyzing the grid occurrences more accurately to a large extent Data Extraction Tool (GET DATA) A data extraction tool (GET DATA) has been developed which facilitates the system operator to extract data from the Temporal Data Base system and guides them to take appropriate decision during the system operation. 4.5 Development of a Real Time Demand Estimation tool A customized tool to estimate the demand for shorter durations (minutes) on a real time basis suitably modifying the load forecast module (based on Similar Day Forecast) supplied under SR-ULDC EMS-SCADA functions has been developed at SRLDC. The tool is in practical use and has been found to be of immense help to the SRLDC grid operators to project the demand for the next 30 minutes on a real time basis and hence helping them to take advance action towards ensuring the grid operation with reliability, security and economy. A typical real time display on the SCADA monitor giving estimated demand, estimated frequency and maximum change in demand and frequency in the next 30 minutes in a rolling window is shown below: One important feature associated with this tool is that while estimating the demand in advance for the next 30 minutes on one minute interval (30 samples in advance), it also gives automatic correction, if during this period some corrective action is taken by any system/sub-system. So there is a continuous self-correcting mechanism built in the tool resulting in good accuracy. A typical day comparison of the actual demand met with the estimated demand is shown below. From this, it may be seen that the estimated demand is very close to actual demand met. 14

24 Actual Vs Estimated SR Demand For 9th Feb,2007 Demand (MW)---> :00AM 2:00AM 4:00AM Actual 6:00AM 8:00AM 10:00AM 12:00PM 2:00PM Time (In Hrs)---> 4:00PM Estimated 6:00PM 8:00PM 10:00PM 4.6 Integration of NPSD with RLDCs Grid operation at Regional level is very challenging and requirement of important data like critical line flows, critical axis flows, important bus frequencies, load angles etc of other regions are essential to be available on real time basis in the control room. In order to meet this requirement, required data from National Power System Desk (NPSD) has been integrated to SCADA at SRLDC successfully. The availability of such data to Control room engineers facilitates them to optimize the grid operation effectively. SRLDC has also been assigned the task of collecting such data from NPSD servers and provide the same to other RLDCs. All these activities have been successfully implemented with internal expertise only. 4.7 Monitoring Complexity Under this scheme, more than 36,650 Analog and Status points have been wired up covering more than 349 nodes across the Southern Region and the data from all these nodes are updated every seconds. The complexities of the Southern Regional Grid in monitoring and control is as depicted below Installed Capacity MW Annual Inter- Regional Energy Transfer 20,500MU Integrated Opn of Ten Power Utilities 36,650 POINTS Active Power, Reactive Power, Voltage, Frequency, Transformer Tap Position, Circuit Breaker Position, Isolator Position etc Generators Hydro, Thermal,Gas/IPP 500 nos. Transmission Network 400/220kV 50,000 Ckm Transformers (220kV and above) 560 nos. Dynamic Grid Conditions Transformation Capacity 59,000 MVA 15

25 4.6 Training In order to enhance the skill of system operators/development engineers at various control centers/srldc has conducted various training program on various EMS related modules using expertise of internal as well as external faculties. The training programmes that have already been conducted in the past are as detailed below. SL NAME OF THE TRAINING FROM TO Participants Man Days 1 CISCO ROUTER & NETWORKING XA-21 USER LEVEL RTNA WORKSHOP AIX OPERATING SYSTEM XA-21 USER LEVEL SYBASE DATABASE ADMIN XA-21 USER LEVEL NMS TRAINING RTU TRAINING JAVA FOR SCADA XA21 OPERATOR TRG XA21 OPERATOR TRG XA21 OPERATOR TRG XA21 OPERATOR TRG RTU, FEP & DAC- GE Total Man Days Specific Benefits The benefits derived from the above schemes include:- (1) Real time operation and monitoring of the system has improved. (2) Outages have been minimized. (3) Grid disturbances have been reduced/averted. (4) System reliability has been enhanced. (5) Losses in the system have come down. (6) Analysis of Grid occurrences has become simple and more visual. 16

26 List of RTUs integrated under ULDC Scheme I. Central Sector RTUs commissioned and integrated under ULDC Scheme SL No. RTU Reporting CC 1 Chinakampally Central 2 Gazuwaka Central 3 Ghanapur Central 4 Gooty 400 Central 5 Hosur 400 Central 6 Kaiga APP Central 7 Kalpakkam (MAPP) Central 8 Kayamkulam TPS Central 9 Khammam Central 10 Local RTU Central 11 Madurai 400 Central 12 Munirabad Central 13 Nellore 400 Central 14 Neyveli TS-I Extn. Central 15 Neyveli TS-II Central 16 Ramagundam Central 17 Salem 400 Central 18 Somanahalli Central 19 Sriperumbudur Central 20 Tallapally Central 21 Trichur North Central 22 Trichy 400 Central 23 Udumalpet 400 Central 24 Vijayawada 400 Central 25 Kolar RCI Central 26 Trivandrum 400KV Central 27 Hiriyur 400KV Central 28 Narendra Central 29 Mysore Central 30 Talcher RCI Central 31 Gazuwaka RCI Central ANNEXURE - I II. APTRANSCO A - RTUs commissioned and integrated under ULDC Scheme SL No. RTU Reporting CC 1 A.P. Carbides Cuddapah 2 Ananthapur Cuddapah 3 Chinakampalli Cuddapah 4 Chitoor Cuddapah 5 Cuddapah 220 Cuddapah 6 Gooty 220 Cuddapah 7 Gooty SWS Cuddapah 8 Hampi PH Cuddapah 9 Hindupur Cuddapah 10 Kalikiri Cuddapah 11 Kurnool Cuddapah 12 Marakapur Cuddapah 13 Mydukur Cuddapah 14 Nandyal Cuddapah 15 Nellore 220 Cuddapah 16 NTS (presently shifted to Shamshabad under Mamidipally SLDC - under Cuddapah integration) 17 Ongole Cuddapah 17

27 18 Podili Cuddapah 19 Rajampet Cuddapah 20 Renigunta Cuddapah 21 RTPP Cuddapah 22 Somayajulapalli Cuddapah 23 Srisailam LBPH Cuddapah 24 Srisailam PH Cuddapah 25 Sullurpet Cuddapah 26 Yerraguntla Cuddapah 27 CH Gutta Mamidapally 28 Chellakurthy Mamidapally 29 Erragada Mamidapally 30 Gachibowli Mamidapally 31 Ghanapur Mamidapally 32 Mamidapally 400 Mamidapally 33 Jubilee Hills Mamidapally 34 Kalwakurthy Mamidapally 35 Kalwakurthy SWS Mamidapally 36 Local RTU Mamidapally 37 Mahaboob Nagar Mamidapally 38 Malkaram Mamidapally 39 Tandur 220 KV Mamidapally 40 Medchal 220KV Mamidapally 41 Minpur Mamidapally 42 Moulali Mamidapally 43 N' Sagar LCPH Mamidapally 44 N' Sagar PH Mamidapally 45 N' Sagar RCPH Mamidapally 46 Narketpalli Mamidapally 47 R.C.Puram PH Mamidapally 48 Shapurnagar Mamidapally 49 ShivaramPalli Mamidapally 50 Siddipet Mamidapally 51 Tallapally Mamidapally 52 Yeddumailaram Mamidapally 53 Bhimadole Vijayawada 54 Bommur Vijayawada 55 Chilakallu Vijayawada 56 Garividi Vijayawada 57 Gazuwaka Vijayawada 58 Gunadala Vijayawada 59 Tadikonda 220KV Vijayawada 60 Kakinada SS Vijayawada 61 Spectrum Vijayawada 62 Kalapakka Vijayawada 63 Kondapalli Vijayawada 64 Lower Sileru Vijayawada 65 Machkund Vijayawada 66 Nidadhavolu 220KV SS Vijayawada 67 Peddapuram Vijayawada 68 Pendurthy Vijayawada 69 Jeegurupadu PH Vijayawada 70 Simhadhri Vijayawada 71 Upper Sileru Vijayawada 72 Vijaywada Vijayawada 73 Vijjeswaram Vijayawada 74 Visakhapatanam SWS Vijayawada 75 VTPS Vijayawada 76 Bhimgal Warangal ANNEXURE - I 18

28 77 Bhongir Warangal 78 Durshed Warangal 79 Jagitial Warangal 80 Khammam - B Warangal 81 KTPS Warangal 82 KTPS Vth stage Warangal 83 Manugur Warangal 84 Miryalaguda Warangal 85 Nirmal Warangal 86 Dichpally 220 Warangal 87 Ramagundam( Malayalapally ) Warangal 88 RTS - B Warangal 89 Sitarampatnam Warangal 90 Wadekothapally Warangal 91 Warangal Warangal ANNEXURE - I B. APTRANSCO's own RTUs integrated under ULDC Scheme SL No. RTU Reporting CC 1 Kandi 132 KV Hyderabad 2 Kottur 132 KV Hyderabad 3 Bandlaguda 132 KV Hyderabad 4 Gunrock 132 KV Hyderabad 5 Raghunathpally Hyderabad 6 Kodur 220 KV Hyderabad 7 Ramagiri 220/33 KV Hyderabad 8 Nidadhavolu 132 KV Hyderabad 9 Dairy Farm 220 KV Hyderabad 10 Rampachodavaram Hyderabad 11 Mahaboobnagar 400 KV ( Veltoor ) Mamidapally 12 LANCO Vijayawada 13 BSES Vijayawada 14 Vemagiri 400KV Vijayawada 15 Chittoor 400KV Cuddapah 16 Nelloor 400KV Cuddapah 17 Tadipatri 220KV Cuddapah III. KPTCL A. RTUs commissioned and integrated under ULDC Scheme SL No. RTU Reporting CC 1 Alipur (Bellary) Bangalore 2 Ambewadi Bangalore 3 Antharasanahalli Bangalore 4 Basavana Bagewadi Bangalore 5 Chikkodi Bangalore 6 D. G. Plant (Yelahanka) Bangalore 7 Guttur (Davangere) Bangalore 8 Hassan Bangalore 9 Hebbal Bangalore 10 Humnabad Bangalore 11 Itagi (Hagari Bommanahalli) Bangalore 12 Kadakola Bangalore 13 Kadra Bangalore 14 Kibbanahalli Cross Bangalore 15 Kodasalli Bangalore 16 Kushtagi Bangalore 17 Lingasugur Bangalore 18 Local RTU Bangalore 19 Mahalingapur Bangalore 20 N.R.S. (Bangalore) Bangalore 19

29 21 Sedam Bangalore 22 T.K. Halli Bangalore 23 Sharavathy Bangalore 24 RTPS Bangalore 25 Nagjhari Bangalore 26 Varahi Bangalore 27 Linganamakki LPH Bangalore 28 Gowribidanur 220 KV Bangalore 29 Hiriyur 220 KV Bangalore 30 Hoody 220/400 KV Bangalore 31 Hubli 220 KV Bangalore 32 Kavoor 220 KV Bangalore 33 Subramanyapura 220 KV Bangalore 34 Jog GS ( MGHE ) Bangalore 35 Supa GS Bangalore 36 Shimoga 220 Bangalore 37 Somanahalli 220 Bangalore 38 Shahabad 220 Bangalore 39 Peenya 220 Bangalore 40 Munirabad GS Bangalore 41 Hootagalli (Mysore) 220 KV Bangalore 42 Belgam 220 KV Bangalore 43 Davangere 220 KV Bangalore ANNEXURE - I B. KPTCL's own RTUs integrated under ULDC Scheme SL No. RTU Reporting CC 1 Anchepalya 220 Bangalore 2 Bidadi Bangalore 3 Doddaballapur Bangalore 4 Gadag Bangalore 5 Haveri 220 KV Bangalore 6 HSR Layout Bangalore 7 KEMAR 220 Bangalore 8 Kolar 220 Bangalore 9 Lingapur 220 Bangalore 10 Malur 220 Bangalore 11 Narendra 220 Bangalore 12 Raichur 220 Bangalore 13 Ranibennur 220 Bangalore 14 Yerandahalli 220 Bangalore 15 Bhadra Bangalore 16 Thaneerbhavi IPP Bangalore 17 Tata Power House IPP Bangalore 18 Rayalseema IPP Bangalore 19 Jindal IPP Bangalore 20 Nelamangala 400 KV Bangalore 21 Talaguppa 400 KV Bangalore IV. KSEB A. RTUs commissioned and integrated under ULDC Scheme SL No. RTU Reporting CC 1 Chalakudy Kalamassery 2 Cochin Kalamassery 3 Idamalayar Kalamassery 4 Idukki Kalamassery 5 Kalamassery Kalamassery 6 Lower Periyar Kalamassery 7 Neriamangalam Kalamassery 8 Pallivasal Kalamassery 20

30 9 Pallom Kalamassery 10 Poringalkuttu Kalamassery 11 Sengulam Kalamassery 12 Sholayar Kalamassery 13 Arikode (Kozhikode-B) Kozhikode (Kannur) 14 Kaniampetta Kozhikode (Kannur) 15 Kannur B Kozhikode (Kannur) 16 Kasargode-B Kozhikode (Kannur) 17 Kozhikode-A Kozhikode (Kannur) 18 Kuttiady Kozhikode (Kannur) 19 Manjeshwaram Kozhikode (Kannur) 20 Palakkad-B Kozhikode (Kannur) 21 Trichur North Kozhikode (Kannur) 22 Trikaripur Kozhikode (Kannur) 23 Edamon Trivandrum 24 Edappon Trivandrum 25 Kakkad Trivandrum 26 Kundara Trivandrum 27 Parasala Trivandrum 28 Sabarigiri Trivandrum 29 Trivandrum North Trivandrum 30 Punnapra Trivandrum ANNEXURE - I B. KSEB 's own RTUs integrated under ULDC Scheme SL No. RTU Reporting CC 1 Taliparamba 220 KV Kozhikode (Kannur) V. Electricity Department, Pondy A. RTUs commissioned & integrated under ULDC Scheme SL No. RTU Reporting CC 1 Bahour 230 KV Pondicherry 2 Mahe 110/11 KV Pondicherry 3 T.R.Pattanam 110/11 KV Pondicherry 4 Vallianur 230/110 KV Pondicherry 5 Yanam 132/11 KV Pondicherry 6 Marapallam 110 /22/11 KV Pondicherry 7 Kurumbapet 110/22 KV Pondicherry 8 Sedarapet Pondicherry 9 Thethampakkam 110/22 KV Pondicherry 10 Kalapet 110/22 KV Pondicherry 11 Eripakkam 110/22 KV Pondicherry 12 Thirubhuvani 110 KV Pondicherry 13 Karaikal 110/11 KV Pondicherry 14 Bahour 110/22 KV Pondicherry B. Elect Dept, Pondy's own RTUs integrated under ULDC Scheme SL No. RTU Reporting CC 1 Korkadu 110/22 KV Pondicherry 2 Pillaitheruvasal 110/11KV Pondicherry VI. TNEB A - RTUs commissioned & integrated under ULDC Scheme SL No. RTU Reporting CC 1 Arni Chennai 2 Cuddalore Chennai 3 Gumidipoondi Chennai 4 Kadaperi Chennai 5 Koyambedu Chennai 6 Mosur Chennai 21

31 7 Mylapore Chennai 8 SP Koil Chennai 9 Tondiarpet Chennai 10 Villupuram 230 Chennai 11 Vinnamangalam Chennai 12 Acharapakkam Chennai 13 Basin Bridge Chennai 14 Ennore TPS Chennai 15 Manali Chennai 16 Koratur Chennai 17 Neyveli TS I Chennai 18 NMTPS Chennai 19 Sriperumbudur Chennai 20 Thiruvalam Chennai 21 Taramani Chennai 22 Hosur Erode 23 TV Malai Erode 24 Singarapet Erode 25 Parsons' Valley Erode 26 Athur 230 (Deviakurchi) Erode 27 Gobichettypalayam Erode 28 Kadamparai PH Erode 29 Kundah PH 1 Erode 30 Kundah PH 4 Erode 31 Mettur Auto SS Erode 32 Mettur Dam PH Erode 33 Mettur Tunnel PH Erode 34 Moyar Erode 35 Sholayar PH 1 Erode 36 Thiruchengode Erode 37 Aliyar PH Erode 38 Arasur Erode 39 Ingur Erode 40 Kundah PH 2 Erode 41 Kundah PH 3 Erode 42 Lower Mettur PH3 Erode 43 Mettur TPS Erode 44 Pykara PH Erode 45 Salem 230 Erode 46 Salem 400 Erode 47 Thudiyalur Erode 48 Udumalpet 400 Erode 49 Udumalpet 230 Erode 50 Erode Erode 51 Echangodu Madurai 52 Karaikudi Madurai 53 Kodaiyar PH2 Madurai 54 Madurai North ( Alagarkoil) Madurai 55 Myladuthurai Madurai 56 Paramkudi Madurai 57 Perambulur Madurai 58 Pudukottai Madurai 59 S.R.Pudur Madurai 60 Samayapuram Madurai 61 Sathur (Anuppankulam) Madurai 62 Sembatty Madurai 63 Thanjore Madurai 64 Tuticorin Auto Madurai 65 Madurai 230 Madurai ANNEXURE - I 22

32 66 Madurai 400 Madurai 67 Periyar PH Madurai 68 Pugalur Madurai 69 Theni Madurai 70 Kayathar Madurai 71 Thiruvarur Madurai 72 Trichy 230 Madurai 73 Trichy 400 Madurai 74 Tuticorin TPS Madurai 75 SIPCOT Madurai ANNEXURE - I B - TNEB own RTU's integrated under ULDC Scheme SL No. RTU Reporting CC 1 STCMS IPP Chennai 2 GMR PCL IPP Chennai 3 TCPL IPP Chennai 4 Vyasarpadi 110 KV Chennai 5 Sembiyam 110 KV Chennai 6 SPCL IPP Erode 7 Kovilkalappal Madurai 8 Vazhuthur Madurai 9 PP Nallur IPP Madurai 10 MPCL IPP Madurai 11 Kuttalam Madurai 12 Aban Madurai 13 Arkay IPP ( Penna ) Madurai 14 Arkay CPP Madurai 15 Coramandal CPP Madurai 16 Sai_Regency CPP Madurai 17 Kauvery CPP Madurai 23

33 ANNEXURE-II/1 RSCC, BANGALORE CONTROL CENTRE WS01 WS02 WS03 WS04 WS05 WORK STATIONS DUAL LAN Switch WS06 WS07 FRONT END PROCESSORS DTS SYSTEM AP-07 AP-08 FEP-1 FEP-2 DTS DTS SERVER SERVER APPLICATION PROCESSOR RAID AP-01 AP-02 AP-03 AP-04 AP-05 AP-06 SCADA AGC DATA SERVER BACKUP SERVER PNA/ICCP SERVER COPS SERVER BACKUP SERVER PNA:POWER NETWORK ANALYSIS COPS: COMPREHENSIVE OPERATION PLANNING AND SCHEDULING ICCP: INTER CONTROL CENTRE COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL RAID:- REDUNDANT ARRAY OF INDEPENDENT DISKS

34 SLDC, CONTROL CENTRE WS01 WS02 WS03 WS04 ANNEXURE-II/2 WORK STATIONS DUAL LAN FRONT END PROCESSOR FEP-1 FEP-2 RAID AP-01 AP-02 AP-03 AP-04 AP-05 AP-06 APPLICATION SERVERS SCADA AGC DATA SERVER BACKUP SERVER PNA/ICCP SERVER COPS SERVER BACKUP SERVER

35 DEPLOYMENT OF POWER APPLICATION FUNCTIONS ACROSS VARIOUS CONTROL CENTRES ANNEXURE-III 26

36 ANNEXURE - IV SOUTHERN REGIONAL ULDC COMMUNICATION BACKBONE NETWORK CENTRAL GE RTUs:28 RCI: 03 : RAMAGUNDAM KPTCL GE RTUs:22 OTHERS: 40 RCI: 02 DURSHED SHAPURNAGAR VIDYUTH SOUDHA CH.GUTTA HYDERABAD 400 MAMIDIPALLI GHANAPUR PEDAPALLI JAMMIKUNTA N SAGAR PH TALLAPALLI WARANGAL GAJUWAKA VIZAG SWS BOMMUR KAKINADA VTPS BHIMADOLE VIJAYAWADA LINGASUGUR SRISAILAM PH SRISAILAM LBPH KURNOOL SOMAYAJULAPALLI APTRANSCO GE RTUs:91 OTHERS: 17 N GOOTY MUDDANOOR RTPP DAVANAGERE ANANTHAPUR CHINAKAMPALLY HINDUPUR BANGALORE KUMBALGODI KOLAR SOMANAHALLI SRIPERUMBUDUR SP.KOVIL P CHENNAI PONDY GE RTUs:5 OTHHERS: 11 VILLIANUR KSEB GE RTUs:30 OTHERS: 1 KANNUR-B KOZHIKODE TRICHUR NORTH CHALAKUDI KALAMASSERY VIAKKAM PALLOM KAYANKULAM KUNDRA UDUMALPET TRIVANDRUM NORTH VYDYUTHI BHAVANAM SALEM400 ERODE INGUR PONGALORE MADURAI400 PARIPALLI MADURAI SALEM230 NEYVELI KARAIKUDI SIVAGANGA PANRUTI PONDY CHIDAMBARAM MYLADUTURAI KOVILVENNI TRICHY THIRUVARUR ADANIKOTTAI ORTHANADU PUDUKOTTAI THIRUMAYAM TNEB GE RTUs:40 OTHERS: 52 LEGEND RSCC (1) CPCC (1) SLDC (4) SUB -LDC / SCC (14) FIBRE OPTIC LINK 110/132 kv FIBRE OPTIC LINK (220 kv) FIBRE OPTIC LINK (400 kv) FIBRE OPTIC LINK (SEB ) FIBRE OPTIC LINK (220kv/66kv/ under ground) 64 Kbps BSNL DATA link MICROWAVE LINK (35 links ) SATELLITE LINK (KEB ) RTU LOCATIONS MICROWAVE REPEATER STATION

37

38 5 GENERATING CAPACITY 5.1 SUMMARY OF EFFECTIVE INSTALLED CAPACITY IN MW IN SOUTHERN REGION AS ON AGENCY HYDRO THERMAL GAS/DIESEL WIND/OTHERS NUCLEAR TOTAL ANDHRA PRADESH (18.6%) KARNATAKA (13.6%) KERALA (5.6%) TAMILNADU (15.1%) PONDICHERRY (0.1%) CENTRAL SECTOR (25.4%) IPP (21.7%) TOTAL (30.1%) (43.0%) (12.3%) (12.2%) 880 (2.4%) (100.0%) Note: i). NTPC, 1000MW capacity at Simhadri, MW capacity at Kayamkulam and NLC's 600MW capacity at Neyveli Stage I which are fully dedicated to Andhra Pradesh, Kerala &Tamil Nadu respectively have also been included under the Central Sector. ii). The statewise bifurcation of IPP's is as follows: AGENCY HYDRO THERMAL GAS/DIESEL WIND/OTHERS NUCLEAR TOTAL ANDHRA PRADESH KARNATAKA KERALA TAMILNADU TOTAL