Transmission Planning for Wind Energy Resources in the Eastern United States. Dale Osborn

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1 Transmission Planning for Wind Energy Resources in the Eastern United States Dale Osborn

2 Layered Design Typical utility planning Distribution delivery to loads Lower voltage transmission delivery from transmission and local Higher voltage transmission bulk energy delivery from base load generation and some interconnections. Regional transmission ( RTO) market delivery How does an energy market work What is an RTO Interconnection transmission market to market delivery

3 Possible layers to consider Individual utility Standard power flow and stability studies for planning More off peak studies Regional northern Africa collector system Economic studies to determine transmission Need databases to model Interconnection European market access Economic studies to determine transmission Capacity delivery Energy delivery Need databases to model

4 Rule of three for a new high voltage overlay One higher voltage line will not be economical generally due to the ability due to low levels of precontingent loadings due to the ability of the underlying system to withstand the outage of the line. Two higher voltage lines that can back up the contingent loss of the other generally break even with lower voltage alternatives. Three higher voltage lines that can back up the contingent loss of one other are generally economically superior to lower voltage alternatives. Economical loading levels must be possible on the higher voltage expansion

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6 UMTDI Scenario B Plus Illinois Zones UMTDI Upper Midwest Transmission Development Initiative 6

7 Long Range Coordination with Other RTO s And Utilities Joint Coordinated System Planning Study Operations conditions for generation mix and characteristics

8 Eastern Wind Integration Transmission Study Overlays Scenario :11 Scenario :1 Scenario :1 Scenario :1 EIWTS Technical Review Committee Webinar October 2, 2009

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10 Potential Benefits Adjusted Production Costs $35B/Yr E_CAN 12% IMO 3% PJM 14% NYISO 13% ISO-NE 10% SERCNI 25% MISO 10% MHEB 3% TVASUB 6% SPP 4% MAPP 0% 10

11 Loop Flow Patterns Interface AC Flows without an Overlay Interface Flows with an Overlay including HVDC

12 Price and Quantity of Sources and Sinks Determine Transmission Requirements

13 West to East Interface Flows OH-PA MW Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Hour of the Year

14 Transmission Overlay Design Workshop Example Interface Flow Duration Curve Transmission Capacity designed to deliver 80% of desired energy flow Hours WAPA-MINN MW Flow

15 $/Mw-Mile 4,000 3,600 3,200 2,800 2,400 2,000 1,600 1, Transmission and Substation Costs per Mw-mile by Transmission Voltage And Type of Construction 345 kv Steel Wooded Areas 2-345kkV on Steel Lowest cost options 500 kv 765 kv 765 HSIL 800 kv GIL 1200 mile- 800kV HVDC Target typical planned loading Mw, use economics to choose voltage

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17 $/Mw Delivery Capacity $/MW $5,000,000 $4,500,000 $4,000,000 $3,500,000 $3,000,000 $2,500,000 $2,000,000 $1,500,000 $1,000,000 $500,000 $ Miles 345 kv AC 765 kv AC 800 kv HVDC 17

18 Power Transfer Breakover by Voltage Cost/Mile $16,000,000 $14,000,000 $12,000,000 $10,000,000 $8,000,000 $6,000,000 $4,000,000 $2,000,000 $0 345 kv AC+600 Mw 1-765kV AC kv HVDC 345 kv AC+1000 Mw 200 1,200 2,200 3,200 4,200 5,200 6,200 7,200 8,200 9,200 10,200 11,200 12,200 13,200 Power Transfer MW 18

19 765 kv AC 345 kv +800 kv 400 kv 1200/1600 MVA 1200/1600 MVA +800 kv Bi Polar Transmission line 400 kv 1200/1600 MVA 1200/1600 MVA 800 kv 800 kv 3 HVDC Lines could have 12 terminals at the source and 12 terminals at the sinks 14,400 MW self contingent

20 EWITS Total Future Cost 15%

21 Maximum and Minimum Wind Data provided though the DOE Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study Simulated Maximum Power Output on April 29, 0600 GMT for calendar year 2004 Simulated Minimum Power Output on August 13, 1500 GMT for calendar year MW % of NP MW % of NP MW % of NP MW % of NP Nameplate Capacity (NP) 871 1,032 1,462 3,008 Actual Metered at Peak % % % % 4 1 Midwest ISO Peak Hour - August 3, :00 2 Midwest ISO Peak Hour - July 31, :00 3 Midwest ISO Peak Hour - August 8, :00 4 Midwest ISO Peak Hour - July 29, :00 21

22 Conclusions Transmission design methods depend on the planning area and ownerships markets Renewable Energy Zones are a practical method of managing the transmission planning problem Large amounts of renewable energy can be accommodated in large diverse areas using the rule of three Benefits can pay for transmission under certain conditions Geographical diversity linked by transmission produces a better wind product for the markets

23 Wind Diversity

24 Year to Year ELCC Variability Year to Year variation in the ELCC results is due to The different Hourly Load & Wind Profiles (2004, 2005 & 2006) And where the wind is located in each of the different Scenarios Study System ELCC Scenarios (1-4) Existing & Overlay Transmission Tie Limits - ELCC (%) {Shaded Area shows Increased ELCC of Overlay} 40% 35% 32.8% 30% 25% 20% 27.7% 28.0% 28.3% 28.1% 30.5% 27.3% 27.0% 25.4% 24.1% 26.4% 24.2% 23.8% 22.7% 20.2% 19.9% 18.8% 29.8% 26.6% 24.8% 24.6% 20.4% 20.6% Overlay Existing 15% 16.0% 10% 5% 0% As can be seen in the results a shift As more wind was located in the East (Scenario 3 & 4) The 2006 profile contained the higher ELCC As more wind was located in the West (Scenario 1) The 2004 profile contained the higher ELCC Scenario-1 System Scenario-2 System Scenario-3 System Scenario-4 System 2004 Profile 2005 Profile 2006 Profile