ITS initiatives in Japan

Transcription

1 ITS initiatives in Japan

2 Practical application of VICS and ETC VICS ETC VICS(Vehicle Information and Communication System) ETC(Electronic Toll Collection) Road traffic information on car navigation ETC utilization rate on toll roads is unit screens. approximately 85% (cumulative set-ups in Approximately 30 million automobiles are approximately 45 million automobiles) now equipped with VICS onboard units. Eliminates almost all toll-gate congestion VICS will reduce annual CO 2 emissions by on expressways throughout Japan. 2.5 million tons by And cuts CO 2 emissions by about 210,000 tons per year Information via FM multiplex broadcasting Displayed if manually selected Beacon (radio wave, optical) information Automatically pops up ETC usage rate (%) (10,000 ( 万 t-co2) tons CO 2 ) ETC CO 導入による 2 reduction CO brought 2 削減効果 by (ETC introduction 利用率 85%) of ETC (ETC usage rate of 85%) Ordinary road Inner-city expressway Area for which information desired is selected from the menu. Example of FM simple map display Area for which information desired is selected from the menu. Information on direction of travel provided based on vehicle location ( indicates vehicle location) Information on direction of travel provided based on vehicle location ( indicates vehicle location) ETC 導入前 ETC 利用率 60% ETC 導入による渋滞解消により CO2 排出量が年間約 21 万 t-co2 削減 Introduction of ETC eliminates traffic congestion, which reduces CO 2 emissions by approximately 210,000 tons each year. Inter-city expressway Area for which information desired is selected from the menu. Example of FM simple map display Information on direction of travel provided based on vehicle location ( indicates vehicle location) ETC 利用率 usage ETC usage 利用率 rate: 0% 0% rate: 85% Figure: ETC usage rate and reduced amount of CO 2 emissions 1

3 Congestion on Expressways in Japan Now that ETC is in wide use, toll gate congestion has almost disappeared from expressways. Because 60% of congestion now occurs at sags and on upslope sections, measures are urgently needed at such locations. Congestion on inter-city expressways Other 39% 3.9% Toll plaza End of lane 16.9% 0.3% Tunnel entrance 17.6% Interchange junction 18.6% Sag or upslope section 42.7% Toll plaza 0.1% End of lane 1.2% Tunnel entrance 20.8% Interchange junction 13.9% Other 3.7% Sag or upslope section 60.3% 2002 without ETC Total congestion amount = 65,226 km h per year 2009 with ETC Total congestion amount = 107,516 km h per year Prepared based on totals for three NEXCO companies (congestion amount = number of congestion incidents x average congestion time x average maximum congestion length /2) 2

4 Traffic Accidents in Japan Traffic accidents caused 4,863 fatalities in About 1/3 of the record number of fatalities of 16,765 (1970) -About 1/2 of the second peak of 11,451 fatalities (1992) [Changes in numbers of traffic accident deaths and deaths/injuries] De eaths (perso ons) (1,000) 16,765 people (1,000) Deaths Traffic accidents Deaths/injuries (1970) The highest number ever recorded 997,861 people (1970) 718,080 accidents (1970) 11,451 people (1992) 725,773 accidents (2010) 901,071 people (2010) 4,863 people (2010) es (persons) s resulting in eaths/injurie of accidents (accidents) umber of de nd number o eath/injury ( N an de (calendar year) Note: Numbers of accidents, deaths, and deaths/injuries up to 1971 do not include Okinawa Prefecture. Source: Prepared based on data of the National Police Agency 3

5 Comparison of Traffic Accidents Fatalities リシャUK リスA comparison of numbers of fatalities per 100,000 people ranks Japan fifth lowest at 4.5 fatalities (2009) イギSweden イタリアポルトガルスロベニアオーストラオーストリアフィンランドフランスカナダ(2008 )日本ノルウェイアイスランドアイルランドハンガリースウェーデンNetherlands スイススペインデンマークチェコドイツオランダNorway Japan Switzerland Germany Finland Iceland Ireland Denmark Spain Australia ベニルュギーージ(ーラン2008 ドルクセンブルグアメリカ合スポローバラキンアド(200 韓国衆国リアFrance Italy 07 ))C anada (2008) Austria Portugal Hungary Slovenia Cz zech Republic Be elgium (2008) New Zealand Luxembourg USA Slo ovakia (2007) Poland South Korea Greece ギNotes: 1. Based on IRTAD data 2. Figures are for 2009, with the exception of those countries with years appearing in parentheses following their names. 3. All figures were calculated based on data for people who died within 30 days from the day of the relevant accident. Source: Prepared based on IRTAD data 4

6 ITS Roadmaps IT Strategic Headquarters (August 2011) Goal: Halving traffic congestion on major roads nationwide id by 2020 (compared with 2010) Promoting green transport of people and goods ge of a wide rang ation ribution of a affic informa on and dist road tra Collecti Advanc cing traffic co ontrol FY2010 NPA MIC METI MLIT Verifying effectiveness of collection and use of probe information Selecting data (past trip time data) items for verification of effectiveness Collection and verification of effectiveness of data NPA Enacting a roadmap for the overseas expansion of advanced IT and systems for automobiles FY2011 FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2020 Promoting international standardization and deployment CS CO NPA MIC METI MLIT Studying the precision and contents etc. of probe information required according to purpose of use and verification of its effectiveness Studying operating systems Information sharing method etc. Study of establishment of a system to accumulate and supply information such as traffic volume at specified points. NPA MLIT Announcements of initiatives etc. ITS World Congress (Tokyo) Full-scale deployment Coordination with road and traffic management measures Blending infrared beacon information and sensor information and their application to signal control and road traffic information provision Verification of the effectiveness of measuring impact on traffic volume Development and verification of technologies to apply probe information to signal control and to advancing road traffic information Applying effects of technology development Deployment of Green ITS Services such as optimum route guidance Optimizing road traffic management according to traffic flow Advancing signal control and road traffic information provision through centralized control of signals, program multi-stage systematization, and multiple traffic phases, etc. NPA 5 0 level) f (from 201 Reducing tra affic conges stion by hal

7 ITS Roadmaps Goal: Fewer than 2,500 traffic accident fatalities in 2018 (4,863 fatalities in 2010) Promoting disaster, crime, and accident countermeasures FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2020 Promoting international standardization and deployment CS CO NPA MIC METI MLIT systems Driving safe ety support Pilot projects for road-vehicle cooperation systems on conventional roads NPA Nationwide deployment of road-vehicle cooperation systems on expressways MLIT MILT Enacting technical guidelines for vehicle vehicle communication system MLIT MILT Enactment of technical standards for UHF band ITS radio systems MIC Completing services provided by road-vehicle cooperation systems and advancing improvement of road infrastructures NPA MLIT CS CO NPA MIC METI Verifying the appropriate and effective sharing of roles by roadvehicle and vehicle-vehicle corporation systems ITS use UFH band broadcasting (formerly analog broadcasting) Development and deployment of compatible on-board units and vehicles Demonstration performed at the Twentieth ITS World Congress ITS World Congress (Tokyo) MLIT NPA MIC METI MLIT Advancing the worldwide deployment of practical roadvehicle and vehiclevehicle corporation systems er than 2,50 00 Traffic accident fa atalities few Feasibility study and technology development of pedestrian-vehicle communication systems MIC MLIT Creation of the roadmap 6

8 Deployment of ITS Spots ITS Spots, which are a cooperative vehicle-highway highway system used on Smartways have been installed at about 1,600 locations throughout Japan, reaching the practical application stage nationwide in August Two-way high volume communications by DSRC provide a variety of services including wide-area road traffic information, driving i safety support, and probe information collection. ITS Spot compatible car navigation systems went on sale in the fall of 2009 ITS Spots have been installed at about 1,600 locations, mainly on expressways. ITS Spot Compatible Car Navigation Units ITSスポット対応カーナビ ITS Spots ITS スポット High-speed and large-capacity communication (DSRC) 高速 大容量通信 3 Basic Services -Dynamic Route Guidance -Safety Driving Support -ETC 100km 凡例 7

9 ITS Spot Compatible Car Navigation Systems Toyota Motors (Sold beginning October 2009) Nissan Motors (Sold beginning June 2011) Pioneer (Sold beginning October 2009) Mitsubishi Electric (Sold beginning October 2009) Panasonic (Sold beginning March 2010) Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (Sold beginning March 2010) Alpine (Sold beginning July 2011) 8

10 Dynamic Route Guidance Tokyo Metropolitan Region Information Provision Range Drivers can obtain congestion data on all expressways in the Metropolitan Region via ITS Spots. They can select routes avoiding city center congestion from among multiple routes, permitting the overall effective use of the road network. From TOHOKU Expressway From TOHOKU Expressway 藤岡 JCT 岩舟 JCT 東北道 北関東道 友部 JCT 藤岡 JCT 岩舟 JCT 東北道 北関東道 友部 JCT 関越道 常磐道 関越道 常磐道 Area of Service (FM-VICS in SAITAMA Prefecture 潮来 IC 東関東道 潮来 IC 東関東道 大月 JCT 大月 JCT 中央道 中央道 東名高速 Destination (KOHOKU) 東名高速 Destination (KOHOKU) Area of Service ( ITS Spot ) 御殿場 IC 館山道 御殿場 IC 館山道 富浦 IC 富浦 IC VICS About 830 km inside id of Kenoudou Expressway ITS Spot service 9

11 Safety Driving Support Advance warnings to reduce unexpected troubles while driving ITS Spot, which provide wide-area road traffic information, also provide safe driving support information. Warnings of obstructions fallen on the road On the Metropolitan Expressways, obstructions fall on the roads up to 50,000 times each year (an average of 140 times per day, or once every 10 minutes). Information collected by the traffic control center is broadcast Warning of congestion invisible beyond a curve etc. at an accident hot spot On the Metropolitan Expressway system, 20 percent of accidents occur at locations on 2% of the total route length. Rear end collisions have been reduced by 60% at such accident hot spots. Warning. Congestion ahead Drive carefully. Obstruction ahead in left lane Images inform drivers of snow, fog, and other weather conditions, and of congestion inside tunnels. (Displayed about 1 kilometer before the obstruction.) 10

12 Sag congestion countermeasure based on cooperation between the road infrastructure and automobiles. ITS Spots installed on the roadside transmit optimum speed, headway distance, and other information. ACC equipped automobiles automatically control headway etc. based on the information they have received. The goal is to eliminate or reduce major congestion on expressways. ACC (Adaptive Cruise Control): Function which controls speed and headway of a moving automobile. Provision of the following information from the roadside Optimum speed Vehicle control using information Inter-vehicular distance from the roadside and ACC Road surface conditions Grade information, etc. ITS spot, etc. ITV camera, etc. *Approximately 60% of traffic jams occur at changes in grade (sag sections), etc. Smooth acceleration Change in grade (sag section) Maintaining appropriate distance between vehicles Guidance to a less congested lane 11

13 Improving the level of road management with probe information, on-board cameras, sensor information. Efficient and advanced management of road traffic by collecting information such as automobile probe information, on-board camera information, sensor information, emergency brake locations etc. and other behavior information. Probe data (example of Sapporo City) Data from onboard camera and sensor 道路交通情報提供 Speed 0 to less than 20 km/h Color code 道路 交通の管理 Source: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. 20 to less than 40 km/h 40 to less than 60 km/h 60 to less than 80 km/h 80 to less than 100 km/h 100 km/h and over Average of 12 daylight hours between Saturday, April 23, and Tuesday, May 10 Behavioral data on locations of sudden braking and abrupt steering Location of sudden braking Location of abrupt steering 12

14 Disaster Countermeasures The public and private sectors cooperatively collect probe data and provide travel history information and traffic restriction information during disasters. Information provision by Web sites (to start by April 2011) Range of probe collection and provision during the Great East Japan Earthquake Traffic record data (blue lines) use private-sector telematics data. Traffic control data (red Xs) use data provided by road managers. Source: ITS Japan website 13