Mileage-based User Fees In Europe and USA

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1 Mileage-based User Fees In Europe and USA Dr. Toshinori Nemoto Professor at Hitotsubashi University The 31th Japan Road Congress International symposium: Road-tolling policies and technologies October 28,

2 Outline of Road-tolling Policies Introduced in Other Countries 1 Countries that develop and manage motorways as toll roads Countries that provide motorways for basically free (including some tolled sections) Europe North America France, Italy, Spain, and Portugal Germany, UK, Switzerland, Austria, and the Netherlands US, Canada Asia Japan, China and Korea Singapore Road Infrastructure Charging for HGVs 1. Mileage-based User Fees (Germany, Austria, Switzerland and other) 2. Vignette pricing *1 (Belgium, Sweden, Denmark and other) *1 Vignette refers to a toll-sticker that is required for the use of particular roads. Financing vs Demand Management Attempts to introduce Mileage-based User Fees as an alternative to fuel tax (U.S.) Congestion/Environmental pricing 1. Area/Cordon pricing (London, Singapore and other) 2. HOT lane (U.S.)

3 Road Infrastructure Charging in EU To ensure fairness in burden sharing of infrastructure use, a road infrastructure charging rule was introduced (EU directive). Member States are asked to provide fair pricing based on the "Users-pay Principle". Outline of EU Directive for Road Infrastructure Charging for HGVs (1999) HGV with a GVW of over 12t is subject to charging Tolls must be set in relation to the costs of constructing, operating and developing the infrastructure concerned. Member States may change the toll rates to include external costs. Motorways Road Infrastructure Charging for HGVs Motorways and general roads General roads (during preparation) Motorways (incl. passenger cars) Norway Sweden Finland Estonia as of October 2014 Russia Amended EU Directive (1999) <2006> Inclusion of vehicles over 3.5t of GVW Ireland (1983) UK (2014) the Netherlands France Belgium Denmark Switzerland (2001) Germany (2005) Czech (2007) Austria (2004) Slovenia (1970) Poland (2002) Slovakia (2010) Hungary (2000) Latvia (2014) Lithuania (2007) Belarus Romania (2005) Ukraine <2011> Inclusion of external cost charge for air pollution and noise pollution Portugal (1977) Spain (1969) Italy (1925) Greece (1927) Bulgaria (2004) Turkey 2

4 Charging of HGVs Toll for road traveling system across in Portugal borders within the EU 3 Each Member State has their own charging system incompatible with each other. EU has yet to introduce the European Electronic Toll Service (EETS), a service originally to be introduced by 2012 to ensure interoperability for transporting goods originally. An EU directive was adopted in 2004 to ensure the interoperability of electronic road toll systems in EU. In response to the Directive 2004/52/EC, concerned organizations in the Member States started working on standardization and pilot experiments for the introduction of the EETS. EU's Movement toward a Common System EETS: How it works

5 Discussion on Introduction of Distance-based Road Pricing in the U.S. Financing: The Federal Government decided to support the pilot programs aiming for a shift to a Mileage-based User Fees system. Demand Management: In 1991, the Federal-aided Congestion Pricing Pilot Program was created. This program was renamed "Value Pricing Pilot Program" in Report Fund to be used exclusively for "Paying Our Way" highway projects(htf) 2009 Report "Paying Our Way" 2009 Report "Paying Our Way" Funding (Federal) Motor fuel Tax Tire tax Truck/trailer sales tax Heavy vehicle use tax Allocated to each program State DOTs Institutions The current HTF funding structure that relies primarily on taxes imposed on petroleum-derived vehicle fuels is not sustainable. As a long-range goal, a shift to Mileage-based User Fees is recommended. Highway development and maintenance Pilot programs Source) 4