National Grid - Overview
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1 National Grid - Overview Sri Lankan Executive Exchange Visit 26 th February 2007 Christopher Proudfoot, Operational Issues Manager
2 Agenda Health and Safety National Grid Overview Operations and Markets Control Room Viewing Gallery IFA Operational Experience IFA Trading Lunch and Depart for Sellindge
3 National Grid UK Transmission Gas Transmission 6,300km Up to 85 bar 7 terminals 24 compressor stations RAV 7bn Electricity Transmission 7200 km of O/H lines 640km of underground cables and 300 substations RAV 5bn 2 Interconnectors
4 Electricity Transmission Generation National Grid 400 & 275 kv transmission Post-BETTA 132kV in Scotland
5 CUBIC FEET Gas: From Beach To Meter Terminal Salt cavity storage High pressure storage Compressor LDZ Offtake Power Station Regulator Station Industry LNG storage Governor Low pressure storage Meter
6 GB System Operator Scot Hydro Elec: TO National Grid : GB SO Scot Power : TO National Grid : TO
7 Shift Team Structure Power System Manager Operational Strategy Manager Operational Energy Manager Operational Transmission Manager The Strategy The Energy The Transmission Team Balancing Team Team
8 Real Time System Operation in Gas and Electricity.. Balance supply and demand efficiently Facilitate the market Ensure quality and security Maximise system capacity Non stop processes But... Gas can be stored = daily balancing Electricity can t = real-time balancing
9 Thermal Constraints Potential Thermal Export Limit Heavy concentration of generation Outages restrict generation Ratings determine limit Post fault actions help
10 Thermal Limits 4 x 500MW units Circuit A outaged circuit Post-fault drops or Circuit it B intertrip required to contain overload Rating Pre-fault flow Post fault flow Circuit A Circuit B
11 Voltage Constraints Voltage Heavy concentration of load in certain areas Power flow into these areas activates t constraint t For security, plant in these areas must run
12 Voltage Control - limits 400/275/132 MVar Demands MVar Sources
13 Stability - two types Transient - usually post fault - keeping generators in synchronism Dynamic - steady state oscillation between generators. Caused by weak links to high generation export groups
14 Agenda Electricity Operations - Market
15 The average electricity bill The average domestic bill in 2006 was 330 excl. VAT ( 347 inc 5% VAT) It is made up of the following components: Supply 30% Generation 43% Transmission 3% Distribution 24% Source - Ofgem Source:
16 The Balancing Mechanism CONTRACT VOLUMES National Grid activities iti Settlement Bilateral trading activities FPNs Op Data Bids/Offers BM data ~1,500, items /day Balancing mechanism Bid / offer acceptances BM actions ~600 Balancing actions/day Meter readings 1 hour Gate closure
17 What does it mean for our control engineers.? Typically 5% of all energy is handled through the BM 1,000 generation/demand units submit data daily Every half hour we receive ~11,000 data items Issue approximately 20 balancing actions every half hour We process some 1bn data items in a year of market operation And how much do we spend balancing the system?
18 Balancing Tools BM Bid-Offer acceptances MW FPN -50 OFFER: 95/MWh BID: 50/MWh OFFER: 22/MWh BID: 15/MWh OFFER: 18/MWh BID: 7/MWh OFFER: 15/MWh BID: - 50/MWh Max Export Limit -100 Half-hour trading gperiod Stable Export Limit
19
20 Soap Operas on a typical week day in April Coronation St END 1110MW Coronation St CB 310MW Eastenders END 660MW Coronation St CB 450MW Coronation St END 690MW Emmerdale END MW :30 19:35 19:40 19:45 19:50 19:55 20:00 20:05 20:10 20:15 20:20 20:25 20:30 20:35 20:40 20:45 20:50 20:55 21:00 21:05 21:10 21:15 21:20 21:25 21:30
21 What really is a 1000MW TV pickup? In order to calculate how a 1,000MW TV pickup translate in terms of domestic use of kettles and ovens, the following can be used as a guide:- or (a) 400, kW kettles es being switched on equates to 1,000MW TV pickup (b) 250, kW ovens being switched on equates to 1,000MW TV pickup
22 Effect of the total solar eclipse on demand - 11th August Tue 10/08/1999 Wed 11/08/1999 / Totality 3000MW increase in demand Demand MW Start of the eclipse 2200MW drop in demand End of the eclipse :00 09:10 09:20 09:30 09:40 09:50 10:00 10:10 10:20 10:30 10:40 10:50 11:00 11:10 11:20 11:30 11:40 11:50 12:00 12:10 12:20 12:30 12:40 12:50 13:00 Time
23 World Cup 2006 Quarter Final World Cup 2006 England vs Portugal Saturday 1st July KO 16:00 Extra Time Half Time 18:30 Pickup 300MW England - 0 Portugal - 0 Extra Time Full Time 18:10 Pickup 330MW England - 0 Portugal - 0 1st July 2006 Frequency National Gr rid Demand (MW) Kick Off 16:00 Half Time 16:45 Pickup 1300MW England - 0 Portugal - 0 Full Time 17:45 Pickup 850MW England - 0 Portugal End of Penalties Total Pickup between 18:44-19: MW 50.2 England - 1 Portugal - 3 Frequ uency (Hz) :30 15:45 16:00 16:15 16:30 16:45 17:00 17:15 17:30 17:45 18:00 18:15 18:30 18:45 19:00 19:15 19:30 Time
24 The world s view of National Grid
25
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